Prevention and clinical management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a significant challenge.In recent years, extensive research efforts have been put forth to determine the cytobiological characteristics of HCC and their clinical relevance, with the aim of developing more effective preventive and therapeutic strategies.Currently, a wide range of treatment modalities is available, but these are characterized as having low cost-effective ratios.While the ultimate goal is to create and implement an effective preventive strategy so that onset of HCC is completely eradicated, until that time improved clinical management of the available treatment modalities is the most promising option for promoting patient quality of life and survival.The purpose of this document is to assist physicians in the treatment decision-making process by relying on evidence-based data to choose the most appropriate strategies for individual patients.
[1] Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J, et al.Global cancer statistics, 2002[J].CA Cancer J Clin, 2005, 55 (2) :74-108.
|
[2]Yuen MF, Hou JL, Chutaputti A.Hepatocellular carcinoma inthe Asian pacific region[J].J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2009, 24 (3) :346-353.
|
[3]Papatheodoridis GV, Manolakopoulos S, Touloumi G, et al.Virological suppression does not prevent the development ofhepatocellular carcinoma in HBeAg-negative chronic hepati-tis B patients with cirrhosis receiving oral antiviral (s) startingwith lamivudine monotherapy:results of the nationwideHEPNET.Greece cohort study[J].Gut, 2011, 60 (8) :1109-1116.
|
[4]Venook AP, Papandreou C, Furuse J, et al.The incidenceand epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma:a global andregional perspective[J].Oncologist, 2010, 15 (Suppl 4) :S5-S13.
|
[5]Yang JD, Roberts LR.Hepatocellular carcinoma:A global view[J].Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2010, 7 (8) :448-458.
|
[6]El-Serag HB.Epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma inUSA[J].Hepatol Res, 2007, 37 (Suppl 2) :S88-S94.
|
[7]Chang MH, Chen CJ, Lai MS, et al.Universal hepatitis Bvaccination in Taiwan and the incidence of hepatocellular car-cinoma in children.Taiwan Childhood Hepatoma Study Group[J].N Engl J Med, 1997, 336 (26) :1855-1859.
|
[8]Yuen MF, Hou JL, Chutaputti A.Hepatocellular carcinoma inthe Asian Pacific region.[J]Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2009, 24 (3) :346-353.
|
[9] Di Marco V, Lo Iacono O, CammàC, et al.The long-termcourse of chronic hepatitis B[J].Hepatology, 1999, 30 (1) :257-264.
|
[10]Singal AG, Volk ML, Jensen D, et al.A sustained viral re-sponse is associated with reduced liver-related morbidityand mortality in patients with hepatitis C virus[J].Clin Gas-troenterol Hepatol, 2010, 8 (3) :280-288.
|
[11]Marrero J, Fontana R, Fu S, et al.Alcohol, tobacco and o-besity are synergistic risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma[J].J Hepatol, 2005, 42 (2) :218-224.
|
[12]Tanabe KK, Lemoine A, Finkelstein DM, et al.Epidermal growthfactor gene functional polymorphism and the risk of hepatocellularcarcinoma in patients with cirrhosis[J].JAMA, 2008, 299 (1) :53-60.
|
[13]Poon RT, Fan ST, Ng IO, et al.Different risk factors and prog-nosis for early and late intrahepatic recurrence after resection ofhepatocellular carcinoma[J].Cancer, 2000, 89 (3) :500-507.
|
[14]Llovet JM, Schwartz M, Mazzaferro V.Resection and livertransplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma[J].Semin LiverDis, 2005, 25 (2) :181-200.
|
[15]芮静安, 刘振文.原发性肝癌外科治疗的理性思考[J].传染病信息, 2009, 22 (2) :69-72.
|
[16]陆荫英, 陈艳, 冯永毅.肝癌冷冻治疗的临床研究进展[J].传染病信息, 2009, 22 (2) :123-126.
|
[17]Lu DS, Yu NC, Raman SS, et al.Percutaneous radiofrequencyablation of hepatocellular carcinoma as a bridge to liver trans-plantation[J].Hepatology, 2005, 41 (5) :1130-1137.
|
[18]Gish RG, Porta C, Lazar L, et al.Phase III randomized con-trolled trial comparing the survival of patients with unresect-able hepatocellular carcinoma treated with nolatrexed ordoxorubicin[J].J Clin Oncol, 2007, 25 (21) :3069-3075.
|
[19]Yeo W, Mok TS, Zee B, et al.A randomized phase III studyof doxorubicin versus cisplatin/interferon alpha-2b/doxoru-bicin/fluorouracil (PIAF) combination chemotherapy for unr-esectable hepatocellular carcinoma[J].J Natl Cancer Inst, 2005, 97 (20) :1532-1538.
|
[20]Edeline J, Raoul JL, Vauleon E, et al.Systemic chemother-apy for hepatocellular carcinoma in non-cirrhotic liver:a ret-rospective study[J].World J Gastroenterol, 2009, 15 (6) :713-716.
|
[21]Barbare JC, BouchéO, Bonnetain F, et al.Randomized controlledtrial of tamoxifen in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma[J].J ClinOncol, 2005, 23 (19) :4338-4346.
|
[22]Nowak A, Findlay M, Culjak G, et al.Tamoxifen for hepato-cellular carcinoma[J].Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2004, (3) :CD001024.
|
[23]Mazzaferro V, Romito R, Schiavo M, et al.Prevention of hepa-tocellular carcinoma recurrence with alpha-interferon after liverresection in HCV cirrhosis[J].Hepatology, 2006, 44 (6) :1543-1554.
|
[24]Qin S, Bai Y, Ye S, et al.Phase III study of oxaliplatin plus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin (FOLFOX4) versus doxorubicin aspalliative systemic chemotherapy in advanced HCC in Asianpatients[J].J Clin Oncol, 2010, 28 (Suppl) :S15.
|
[25]Avila MA, Berasain C, Sangro B, et al.New therapies forhepatocellular carcinoma[J].Oncogene, 2006, 25 (27) :3866-3884.
|
[26]Greten TF, Korangy F, Manns MP, et al.Molecular therapyfor the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma[J].Br J Canc-er, 2009, 100 (1) :19-23.
|
[27]Cook KM, Figg WD.Angiogenesis inhibitors:current strate-gies and future prospects[J].CA Cancer J Clin, 2010, 60 (4) :222-243.
|
[28] Slamon DJ, Leyland-Jones B, Shak S, et al.Use of chem-otherapy plus a monoclonal antibody against HER2 for meta-static breast cancer that overexpresses HER2[J].N Engl JMed, 2001, 344 (11) :783-792.
|
[29] Tsao MS, Sakurada A, Cutz JC, et al.Erlotinib in lung canc-er-molecular and clinical predictors of outcome[J].N EnglJ Med, 2005, 353 (2) :133-144.
|
[30]Flaherty KT, Puzanov I, Kim KB, et al.Inhibition of mutated, activated BRAF in metastatic melanoma[J].N Engl J Med, 2010, 363 (23) :809-819.
|
[31]Yau T, Chan P, Epstein R, et al.Management of advancedhepatocellular carcinoma in era of targed therapy[J].LiverInternational, 2009, 29 (1) :10-17.
|
[32]Witjes CD, Verhoef C, Verheul HM, et al.Syetemic treat-ment in hepatocellular carcinoma;“a small step for man…”[J].Neth J Med, 2009, 67 (3) :86-90.
|
[33]Lencioni R, Marrero J, Venook A, et al.Design and rationalefor the non-interventional Global Investigation of therapeuticDEcisions in hepatocellular carcinoma and of its treatmentwith sorafeNib (GIDEON) study[J].Int J Clin Pract, 2010, 64 (8) :1034-1041.
|
[34] Yang Y, Lu Y, Wang C, et al.Cryotherapy is associated withimproved clinical outcomes of sorafenib therapy for advancedhepatocellular carcinoma[J].Cell Biochemistry Biophys, 2012, 63 (2) :159-169.
|
[35]Bruix J, Llovet JM.Major achievements in hepatocellular carci-noma[J].Lancet, 2009, 373 (9664) :614-616.
|
[36]栗光明, 冷希圣.肝癌及其治疗[J].传染病信息, 2009, 22 (2) :115-118.
|
[37]Hornberg JJ, Bruggeman FJ, Westerhoff HV, et al.Cancer:a Systems Biology disease[J].Biosystems, 2006, 83 (2-3) :81-90.
|
[1] | Jiaxin HAN, Yuqiang MI, Liang XU. Research advances in early screening and diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2023, 39(6): 1468-1475. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2023.06.033 |
[2] | Yuanpeng MAO, Hongshan WEI. Regulation of hepatocyte polarity[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2022, 38(11): 2654-2658. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2022.11.043 |
[3] | Gong Jing, Jie XinKe. Effect of endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy on hepatocyte apoptosis[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2019, 35(12): 2828-2832. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2019.12.041 |
[4] | Li ShuHuan, Han JiWu. Inhibitory effect of fibroblast growth factor-21 on the carcinogenesis of L02 cells induced by diethylnitrosamine[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2018, 34(2): 321-326. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2018.02.020 |
[5] | Wang XiXun, Jiang LiXin, Wang JingLin, Liang Jing, Zhai HuiYuan, Xia XianMing. Experimental study on hepatocyte apoptosis induced by acute biliary tract infection[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2014, 30(11): 1164-1168. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2014.11.018 |
[6] | Chen KeQuan, Zhou BiYao, Chen YaYing, Zou YuanFang, Zhou Yu. Regulatory effeots of FXR activationon expression of TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and MMP-2 in hepatic stellate cells[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2013, 29(4): 290-293. |
[7] | Ding JianBo, Li XiuHui. Current perspectives on the role of autophagy in liver fibrosis[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2013, 29(4): 305-307. |
[8] | Li HanMin, Gao Xiang, Yan XueSheng. The influence of Zuogui Wan Extract on bone marrow stem cell transforming liver cell[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2012, 28(3): 192-195+200. |
[9] | Liu Li, Tang ShiGang. Establishment of an improved collagenase perfusion technique to isolate the hepatocyte effectively[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2012, 28(3): 227-229. |
[10] | Cheng Qi, Shi GuangFeng. Role of liver NK cells in chronic liver diseases[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2011, 27(7): 758-761. |
[11] | Liu LiXin, Qiu ZhiHong, Zhang QianQian. Effects of knocking down IGFBPrP1 with siRNA on extracellular matrix secretion in HSC-T6[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2011, 27(3): 248-250. |
[12] | Cai XiaoBo, Fan JianGao, Tian LiYan, Xu ZhengJie. The effect of advanced glycation end products on biological activity of hepatic stellate cell[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2010, 26(4): 403-406. |
[13] | Xing WenBin, Liu LiNa, Lu: Shen. Expression of Fas and FasL in the hepatocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with chronic hepatitis B[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2007, 23(1): 11-13. |
[14] | She LiJun, Zhou XiaoDong, Wei Qing, Shao Guang, Zhang YaLei, Cai Xia. The influence of FGF1 and PD98059 on FGFR2 expression in vitro on the membrane of the cultured primary rat hepatocytes[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2007, 23(3): 166-167. |
[16] | Jiang Jian. Elastase mRNA expression of hepatic cells[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2002, 18(6): 338-340. |
[17] | Chen NaiLing, Deng Tao, Bai Ling, Zhang Chang, Chen PeiLan, Li Lin, Chen Hao. The expression of apoptosis by TNF-α, TNFR and Bcl-2 family in chronic liver disease[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2002, 18(6): 342-343. |