Role of mitophagy in the development and progression of liver-related diseases

Corresponding author: SHI Xiaoyan， biosalome@163.com （ORCID： 0009-0007-8350-0826）
Received Date: 2023-05-14
Accepted Date: 2023-06-16
Published Date: 2024-02-19

Abstract

Abstract

Mitophagy is a type of selective autophagy during which cells specifically remove damaged mitochondria in response to nutrient deficiency or external stimulation and thus maintain the integrity of mitochondrial function and cellular homeostasis. In recent years， a large number of studies have shown that dysfunction of mitophagy is closely associated with the development and progression of various liver-related diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease， drug-related liver injury， viral hepatitis， and hepatocellular carcinoma. This article summarizes the specific mechanisms of mitophagy in regulating liver-related diseases and further elaborates on the potential therapeutic targets of mitophagy in liver-related diseases， in order to provide more effective therapeutic strategies for the clinical treatment of liver diseases.
- Liver Diseases,
- Mitophagy,
- Pathologic Processes

FullText(HTML)

References(63)

References

[1]	QIAN H, CHAO XJ, WILLIAMS J, et al. Autophagy in liver diseases: A review[J]. Mol Aspects Med, 2021, 82: 100973. DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.100973.
[2]	GRATTAGLIANO I, RUSSMANN S, DIOGO C, et al. Mitochondria in chronic liver disease[J]. Curr Drug Targets, 2011, 12( 6): 879- 893. DOI: 10.2174/138945011795528877.
[3]	SORRENTINO V, MENZIES KJ, AUWERX J. Repairing mitochondrial dysfunction in disease[J]. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol, 2018, 58: 353- 389. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010716-104908.
[4]	GOIKOETXEA-USANDIZAGA N, SERRANO-MACIÁ M, DELGADO TC, et al. Mitochondrial bioenergetics boost macrophage activation, promoting liver regeneration in metabolically compromised animals[J]. Hepatology, 2022, 75( 3): 550- 566. DOI: 10.1002/hep.32149.
[5]	QIU YN, WANG GH, ZHOU F, et al. PM2.5 induces liver fibrosis via triggering ROS-mediated mitophagy[J]. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, 2019, 167: 178- 187. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.08.050.
[6]	KE PY. Mitophagy in the pathogenesis of liver diseases[J]. Cells, 2020, 9( 4): 831. DOI: 10.3390/cells9040831.
[7]	GARZA-LOMBÓ C, PAPPA A, PANAYIOTIDIS MI, et al. Redox homeostasis, oxidative stress and mitophagy[J]. Mitochondrion, 2020, 51: 105- 117. DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.01.002.
[8]	SUN K, JING XZ, GUO JC, et al. Mitophagy in degenerative joint diseases[J]. Autophagy, 2021, 17( 9): 2082- 2092. DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1822097.
[9]	MA XW, MCKEEN T, ZHANG JH, et al. Role and mechanisms of mitophagy in liver diseases[J]. Cells, 2020, 9( 4): 837. DOI: 10.3390/cells9040837.
[10]	KLIONSKY DJ, EMR SD. Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation[J]. Science, 2000, 290( 5497): 1717- 1721. DOI: 10.1126/science.290.5497.1717.
[11]	MIZUSHIMA N, LEVINE B, CUERVO AM, et al. Autophagy fights disease through cellular self-digestion[J]. Nature, 2008, 451( 7182): 1069- 1075. DOI: 10.1038/nature06639.
[12]	MIZUSHIMA N, KOMATSU M. Autophagy: Renovation of cells and tissues[J]. Cell, 2011, 147( 4): 728- 741. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2011.10.026.
[13]	YOULE RJ, NARENDRA DP. Mechanisms of mitophagy[J]. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 2011, 12( 1): 9- 14. DOI: 10.1038/nrm3028.
[14]	LU YY, LI ZJ, ZHANG SQ, et al. Cellular mitophagy: Mechanism, roles in diseases and small molecule pharmacological regulation[J]. Theranostics, 2023, 13( 2): 736- 766. DOI: 10.7150/thno.79876.
[15]	LIN JJ, CHEN K, CHEN WF, et al. Paradoxical mitophagy regulation by PINK1 and TUFm[J]. Mol Cell, 2020, 80( 4): 607- 620. DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.10.007.
[16]	YAN CJ, GONG LL, CHEN L, et al. PHB2(prohibitin 2) promotes PINK1-PRKN/Parkin-dependent mitophagy by the PARL-PGAM5-PINK1 axis[J]. Autophagy, 2020, 16( 3): 419- 434. DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1628520.
[17]	KANE LA, LAZAROU M, FOGEL AI, et al. PINK1 phosphorylates ubiquitin to activate Parkin E3 ubiquitin ligase activity[J]. J Cell Biol, 2014, 205( 2): 143- 153. DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201402104.
[18]	HARPER JW, ORDUREAU A, HEO JM. Building and decoding ubiquitin chains for mitophagy[J]. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 2018, 19( 2): 93- 108. DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2017.129.
[19]	NGUYEN TN, PADMAN BS, LAZAROU M. Deciphering the molecular signals of PINK1/Parkin mitophagy[J]. Trends Cell Biol, 2016, 26( 10): 733- 744. DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2016.05.008.
[20]	ONISHI M, YAMANO K, SATO M, et al. Molecular mechanisms and physiological functions of mitophagy[J]. EMBO J, 2021, 40( 3): e104705. DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020104705.
[21]	HAMACHER-BRADY A, BRADY NR. Mitophagy programs: Mechanisms and physiological implications of mitochondrial targeting by autophagy[J]. Cell Mol Life Sci, 2016, 73( 4): 775- 795. DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2087-8.
[22]	LIU L, FENG D, CHEN G, et al. Mitochondrial outer-membrane protein FUNDC1 mediates hypoxia-induced mitophagy in mammalian cells[J]. Nat Cell Biol, 2012, 14( 2): 177- 185. DOI: 10.1038/ncb2422.
[23]	FLORES-TORO JA, GO KL, LEEUWENBURGH C, et al. Autophagy in the liver: Cell's cannibalism and beyond[J]. Arch Pharm Res, 2016, 39( 8): 1050- 1061. DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0807-8.
[24]	ZHOU JH, ZHOU F, WANG WX, et al. Epidemiological features of NAFLD from 1999 to 2018 in China[J]. Hepatology, 2020, 71( 5): 1851- 1864. DOI: 10.1002/hep.31150.
[25]	YOUNOSSI ZM. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease- A global public health perspective[J]. J Hepatol, 2019, 70( 3): 531- 544. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.10.033.
[26]	FRIEDMAN SL, NEUSCHWANDER-TETRI BA, RINELLA M, et al. Mechanisms of NAFLD development and therapeutic strategies[J]. Nat Med, 2018, 24( 7): 908- 922. DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0104-9.
[27]	POUWELS S, SAKRAN N, GRAHAM Y, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD): A review of pathophysiology, clinical management and effects of weight loss[J]. BMC Endocr Disord, 2022, 22( 1): 63. DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-00980-1.
[28]	ZHU LH, WU X, LIAO RR. Mechanism and regulation of mitophagy in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD): A mini-review[J]. Life Sci, 2023, 312: 121162. DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121162.
[29]	ZHOU T, CHANG L, LUO Y, et al. Mst1 inhibition attenuates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via reversing Parkin-related mitophagy[J]. Redox Biol, 2019, 21: 101120. DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101120.
[30]	LI RB, XIN T, LI DD, et al. Therapeutic effect of Sirtuin 3 on ameliorating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: The role of the ERK-CREB pathway and Bnip3-mediated mitophagy[J]. Redox Biol, 2018, 18: 229- 243. DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.07.011.
[31]	CAI JZ, HUANG JQ, YANG J, et al. The protective effect of selenoprotein M on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: The role of the AMPKα1-MFN2 pathway and Parkin mitophagy[J]. Cell Mol Life Sci, 2022, 79( 7): 354. DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04385-0.
[32]	LI XW, SHI Z, ZHU YW, et al. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside improves non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by promoting PINK1-mediated mitophagy in mice[J]. Br J Pharmacol, 2020, 177( 15): 3591- 3607. DOI: 10.1111/bph.15083.
[33]	SHAN SL, SHEN ZY, SONG FY. Autophagy and acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity[J]. Arch Toxicol, 2018, 92( 7): 2153- 2161. DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2237-5.
[34]	MCGILL MR, JAESCHKE H. Metabolism and disposition of acetaminophen: Recent advances in relation to hepatotoxicity and diagnosis[J]. Pharm Res, 2013, 30( 9): 2174- 2187. DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1007-6.
[35]	RAMACHANDRAN A, JAESCHKE H. Acetaminophen toxicity: Novel insights into mechanisms and future perspectives[J]. Gene Expr, 2018, 18( 1): 19- 30. DOI: 10.3727/105221617X15084371374138.
[36]	KON K, KIM JS, JAESCHKE H, et al. Mitochondrial permeability transition in acetaminophen-induced necrosis and apoptosis of cultured mouse hepatocytes[J]. Hepatology, 2004, 40( 5): 1170- 1179. DOI: 10.1002/hep.20437.
[37]	COVER C, MANSOURI A, KNIGHT TR, et al. Peroxynitrite-induced mitochondrial and endonuclease-mediated nuclear DNA damage in acetaminophen hepatotoxicity[J]. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 2005, 315( 2): 879- 887. DOI: 10.1124/jpet.105.088898.
[38]	YAN MZ, JIN SW, LIU YG, et al. Cajaninstilbene acid ameliorates acetaminophen-induced liver injury through enhancing Sestrin2/AMPK-mediated mitochondrial quality control[J]. Front Pharmacol, 2022, 13: 824138. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.824138.
[39]	TAN YL, HO HK. Hypothermia advocates functional mitochondria and alleviates oxidative stress to combat acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity[J]. Cells, 2020, 9( 11): 2354. DOI: 10.3390/cells9112354.
[40]	HAN S, YANG ZH, ZHANG T, et al. Epidemiology of alcohol-associated liver disease[J]. Clin Liver Dis, 2021, 25( 3): 483- 492. DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2021.03.009.
[41]	ZHU L, LI HD, XU JJ, et al. Advancements in the alcohol-associated liver disease model[J]. Biomolecules, 2022, 12( 8): 1035. DOI: 10.3390/biom12081035.
[42]	WILLIAMS JA, DING WX. Role of autophagy in alcohol and drug-induced liver injury[J]. Food Chem Toxicol, 2020, 136: 111075. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.111075.
[43]	SILVA J, SPATZ MH, FOLK C, et al. Dihydromyricetin improves mitochondrial outcomes in the liver of alcohol-fed mice via the AMPK/Sirt-1/PGC-1α signaling axis[J]. Alcohol, 2021, 91: 1- 9. DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2020.10.002.
[44]	ZHONG Z, LEMASTERS JJ. A unifying hypothesis linking hepatic adaptations for ethanol metabolism to the proinflammatory and profibrotic events of alcoholic liver disease[J]. Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 2018, 42( 11): 2072- 2089. DOI: 10.1111/acer.13877.
[45]	LU XY, XUAN WT, LI JJ, et al. AMPK protects against alcohol-induced liver injury through UQCRC2 to up-regulate mitophagy[J]. Autophagy, 2021, 17( 11): 3622- 3643. DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1886829.
[46]	LI RB, DAI Z, LIU XM, et al. Interaction between dual specificity phosphatase-1 and cullin-1 attenuates alcohol-related liver disease by restoring p62-mediated mitophagy[J]. Int J Biol Sci, 2023, 19( 6): 1831- 1845. DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.81447.
[47]	NGUYEN MH, WONG G, GANE E, et al. Hepatitis B virus: Advances in prevention, diagnosis, and therapy[J]. Clin Microbiol Rev, 2020, 33( 2): e00046-19. DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00046-19.
[48]	LOUREIRO D, TOUT I, NARGUET S, et al. Mitochondrial stress in advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis associated with chronic hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis C, or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis[J]. Hepatology, 2023, 77( 4): 1348- 1365. DOI: 10.1002/hep.32731.
[49]	KIM SJ, KHAN M, QUAN J, et al. Hepatitis B virus disrupts mitochondrial dynamics: Induces fission and mitophagy to attenuate apoptosis[J]. PLoS Pathog, 2013, 9( 12): e1003722. DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003722.
[50]	LUCIFORA J, ARZBERGER S, DURANTEL D, et al. Hepatitis B virus X protein is essential to initiate and maintain virus replication after infection[J]. J Hepatol, 2011, 55( 5): 996- 1003. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2011.02.015.
[51]	HUANG XY, LI D, CHEN ZX, et al. Hepatitis B Virus X protein elevates Parkin-mediated mitophagy through Lon Peptidase in starvation[J]. Exp Cell Res, 2018, 368( 1): 75- 83. DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.04.016.
[52]	YOO YS, PARK YJ, LEE HS, et al. Mitochondria ubiquitin ligase, MARCH5 resolves hepatitis B virus X protein aggregates in the liver pathogenesis[J]. Cell Death Dis, 2019, 10( 12): 938. DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2175-z.
[53]	NING XJ, YAN X, WANG YF, et al. Parkin deficiency elevates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury accompanying decreased mitochondrial autophagy, increased apoptosis, impaired DNA damage repair and altered cell cycle distribution[J]. Mol Med Rep, 2018, 18( 6): 5663- 5668. DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9606.
[54]	LIU Z, WANG MM, WANG X, et al. XBP1 deficiency promotes hepatocyte pyroptosis by impairing mitophagy to activate mtDNA-cGAS-STING signaling in macrophages during acute liver injury[J]. Redox Biol, 2022, 52: 102305. DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102305.
[55]	LI HT, PAN YT, WU HJ, et al. Inhibition of excessive mitophagy by N-acetyl-L-tryptophan confers hepatoprotection against Ischemia-Reperfusion injury in rats[J]. PeerJ, 2020, 8: e8665. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8665.
[56]	SAMANT H, AMIRI HS, ZIBARI GB. Addressing the worldwide hepatocellular carcinoma: Epidemiology, prevention and management[J]. J Gastrointest Oncol, 2021, 12( Suppl 2): S361- S373. DOI: 10.21037/jgo.2020.02.08.
[57]	ANWANWAN D, SINGH SK, SINGH S, et al. Challenges in liver cancer and possible treatment approaches[J]. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer, 2020, 1873( 1): 188314. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.188314.
[58]	YANG WS, ZENG XF, LIU ZN, et al. Diet and liver cancer risk: A narrative review of epidemiological evidence[J]. Br J Nutr, 2020, 124( 3): 330- 340. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114520001208.
[59]	CHEN Y, CHEN HN, WANG K, et al. Ketoconazole exacerbates mitophagy to induce apoptosis by downregulating cyclooxygenase-2 in hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. J Hepatol, 2019, 70( 1): 66- 77. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.09.022.
[60]	SU Q, WANG JJ, LIU F, et al. Blocking Parkin/PINK1-mediated mitophagy sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma cells to sanguinarine-induced mitochondrial apoptosis[J]. Toxicol In Vitro, 2020, 66: 104840. DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104840.
[61]	ZHENG YH, HUANG C, LU L, et al. STOML2 potentiates metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma by promoting PINK1-mediated mitophagy and regulates sensitivity to lenvatinib[J]. J Hematol Oncol, 2021, 14( 1): 16. DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-01029-3.
[62]	WU H, WANG T, LIU YQ, et al. Mitophagy promotes sorafenib resistance through hypoxia-inducible ATAD3A dependent Axis[J]. J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2020, 39( 1): 274. DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01768-8.
[63]	LIU LJ, LV Z, XUE X, et al. Canonical WNT signaling activated by WNT7B contributes to L-HBs-mediated sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibiting mitophagy[J]. Cancers(Basel), 2022, 14( 23): 5781. DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235781.

Relative Articles

[1]	Guojing XING, Lifei WANG, Longlong LUO, Xiaofeng ZHENG, Chun GAO, Xiaohui YU, Jiucong ZHANG. Role of autophagy in treatment of paracetamol-induced liver injury[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2025, 41(2): 389-394. doi: 10.12449/JCH250229
[2]	Xinyue CUI, Quanhao SUN, Lihong ZHENG, Haiqiang WANG. Role of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 in acute and chronic liver diseases[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2025, 41(2): 383-388. doi: 10.12449/JCH250228
[3]	Xingtong LI, Taicheng ZHOU. Molecular mechanisms of the interaction between hepatitis B virus infection and mitochondrial homeostasis[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2025, 41(2): 343-348. doi: 10.12449/JCH250222
[4]	Rongzhi WANG, Linli WANG, Jingwen JIAO, Yunfei YU, Baolong LI. Research advances in the degradation of hepatic lipid droplets through the autophagy pathway[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2024, 40(9): 1916-1923. doi: 10.12449/JCH240931
[5]	Xiaogang XIANG, Dabao SHANG, Jinming ZHANG. The definition and pathogenesis of acute－on－chronic liver failure[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2023, 39(10): 2281-2287. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2023.10.003
[6]	Yekai ZONG, Jiangkai LIU. The physiological and pathological role of amyloid protein in the liver[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2023, 39(11): 2730-2737. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2023.11.031
[7]	Feiyan LI, Minggang WANG, Dewen MAO, Xiongbin GUI. Role of gasdermin D in the pathological progression of liver diseases[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2023, 39(3): 707-712. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2023.03.035
[8]	Gengjie YAN, Yong LIN, Huiji SU, Hanxiao CHEN, Shaoqun BAN, Ailing WEI, Dewen MAO, Fuli LONG. Association between glycolysis and mitochondrial dysfunction and its potential value in liver diseases[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2022, 38(8): 1931-1936. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2022.08.042
[9]	Weiyu CHEN, Xiaobin QIN, Yingyu LE, Han WANG, Xiaorong LONG, Dewen MAO. Mechanism of action of macrophage polarization in non-neoplastic liver diseases and related targeted therapies[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2022, 38(11): 2649-2653. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2022.11.042
[10]	Zhengguang LIAO, Shihui WEI, Danyu DU, Li SUN, Shengtao YUAN. Role of lipocalin-2 in the development and progression of liver diseases[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2022, 38(9): 2177-2181. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2022.09.044
[11]	Yingyu LE, Rongzhen ZHANG, Cong WU, Weisong XIAO, Xiaobin QIN, Shenglan ZENG, Dewen MAO. Mechanism of action of spleen tyrosine kinase in liver diseases[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2021, 37(8): 1970-1974. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2021.08.049
[12]	Wei HaiLiang, Si MingMing, Guo Hui, Li JingTao, Li Qian, Yan ShuGuang, Ju Di. Association between mitochondria and hepatocellular injury[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2020, 36(3): 687-689. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2020.03.048
[13]	YANG Jing, GAO Hong, ZHAO YaoWei, WANG Rui. Role of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2020, 36(11): 2601-2605. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2020.11.046
[14]	Zhang Hao, Zhang Yue, Zhao WenWu, Zhang JingGe. PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy and its mechanism of action in the development and progression of liver diseases[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2020, 36(7): 1663-1665. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2020.07.048
[15]	XIAO WeiSong, LE YingYu, ZENG ShengLan, TAN XiaoBin, WU Cong, YA ChengYu, MAO DeWen. Role of pyroptosis in liver diseases[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2020, 36(12): 2847-2850. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2020.12.044
[16]	Wang BingQiong, Sun YaMeng, You Hong, Shao Chen, Wang TaiLing. Pathological assessment of liver fibrosis regression[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2017, 33(3): 435-437. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2017.03.007
[17]	Huang LanYu, Xu LieMing. Relationship between liver diseases and autophagy[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2014, 30(2): 186-188. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2014.02.022
[18]	Chen Jie. Pathological and differential diagnoses of exocrine pancreatic tumors[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2013, 29(1): 45-49.
[19]	Sha XiuJuan, Xin GuiJie, Jin MeiShan, Chi TouMei, Niu JunQi. Pay much attention to the clinical application of pathological examination of liver biopsy in the diagnosis and treatment of liver disease[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2012, 28(3): 223-226.

Supplements(0)

Cited By

Cited by

Periodical cited type(4)

1.	邢国静，王丽菲，罗龙龙，郑晓凤，高春，于晓辉，张久聪. 自噬在对乙酰氨基酚诱导肝损伤中的作用. 临床肝胆病杂志. 2025(02): 389-394 . 本站查看
2.	张乃凡，鲁英，储海燕. 多环芳烃菲对C57BL/6J雌鼠肝脏组织的损伤研究. 海南医科大学学报. 2025(06): 408-414 .
3.	贾东晔，潘志. 线粒体稳态在类风湿关节炎致病中的作用. 中国临床药理学与治疗学. 2025(04): 541-547 .
4.	俞济，刘雅真，周文，刘端勇，赵海梅，邓柏龄. 补中益气汤及其有效成分调控能量代谢的药理作用研究进展. 中医临床研究. 2024(34): 133-138 .

Other cited types(5)

Proportional views

Proportional views

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

Figures(1)

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Article Metrics

Article views (773) PDF downloads(72)