Objective To investigate the risk factors for the complications of transumbilical single- port laparoscopic cholecystectomy( TUSPLC) and to explore the prophylactic methods. Methods The clinical data of 120 patients undergoing TUSPLC in our hospital from January 2012 to December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. The association of different factors with the complications was analyzed,including sex,age,body mass index( BMI),height,underlying diseases( hypertension,diabetes,and hyperthyroidism),surgeon level,operation time,and intraoperative blood loss. The risk factors were determined by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results The incidence of the complications of TUSPLC was 8. 3%( 10 /120),including surgical site infection( 4 cases),umbilical hernia( 2cases),hemorrhage( 2 cases),and intra- abdominal organ injury( 2 cases). The univariate logistic regression analysis indicated that BMI,height,underlying diseases,surgeon level,operation time,and intra- operative blood loss were risk factors for the complications of TUSPLC( all P < 0. 05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that underlying diseases and operation time were independent risk factors for the complications of TUSPLC( P < 0. 01). Conclusion The underlying diseases and operation time are independent risk factors for the complications of TUSPLC,so appropriate intervention strategies for these factors could be developed to reduce the incidence of the complications of TUSPLC.