To investigate the genotypes of HCV infection in Beijing areas and the relationship between HCV genotypes and the effectiveness of interferon (IFN) therapy, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) for NS5b region was used to detect HCV RNA in 269 cases.56 positive PCR products were typed by restriction endonuclease, and 48 chronic hepatitis C patients with different genotypes (20 with type 1b, 21 with type 1b genic variation, 7 with type 2a) were treated with recombinant interferon α 2b (IFN α 2b) for 24weeks.The response rate of HCV genotype 1b infection was 70% (14/20) , 1b genic variation co infection was 9.5% (2/21) , 2a infection was 71.4% (5/7) .The response rate of HCV 1b or 2a alone was significantly higher than that of HCV 1b genic variation ( P <0.01) .
随着新型抗病毒药物的出现及临床研究的深入,富马酸替诺福韦二吡呋酯(tenofovir disoproxil fumarate,TDF)成为研究热点,由于LAM和LdT存在一定的耐药和病毒变异风险,已不作为乙肝抗病毒药物的一线选择。Pan等在中国进行的TDF多中心、前瞻性国际合作研究结果表明,妊娠晚期应用TDF亦获得完全阻断HBV母婴传播的效果,母婴4年随访安全性良好,文章发表于The New England Journal of Medicine[17]和Gut[18],TDF应用于妊娠期阻断母婴传播被写入指南[19-22],使妊娠期抗病毒药物增添了一个新的选择。富马酸丙酚替诺福韦(tenofovir alafenamide, TAF)2016年获美国食品药品监督管理局批准上市,作为TDF的升级版,其用药剂量低,靶向肝脏,与TDF有同等的抗病毒效力。已有前瞻性、多中心临床研究[23]证实TAF在孕期应用的有效性及安全性。相较于TDF,TAF在骨肾安全性方面具有显著优势[24-26],在阻断母婴传播方面与TDF效果相当[27],即使妊娠全程使用也表现出良好的安全性和有效性[28]。有研究[29]表明,TAF在降低转氨酶方面同样展现出优势。基于中国多项研究[30]结果,《中国乙型肝炎病毒母婴传播防治指南(2024年版)》将其与TDF一同列为孕期一线抗病毒药物。
既往研究[41-42]表明,未接受抗病毒治疗的高病毒载量母亲,择期剖宫产相较于阴道分娩,可降低HBV感染母婴传播风险(10.5% vs 28.0%)。高病毒载量母亲孕期抗病毒治疗后,孕期和分娩时病毒载量显著下降[43],婴儿处于低暴露状态,阴道分娩与剖宫产在母婴传播风险上无显著差异[44]。因此,对于慢性HBV感染孕妇应依据产科指征选择分娩方式,避免无指征剖宫产。
HAN Guorong, JIANG Hongxiu. New advances in antiviral therapy during pregnancy to block mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus[J]. J Clin Hepatol, 2024, 40(11): 2158-2163. DOI: 10.12449/JCH241105.
HAN Guorong, JIANG Hongxiu. New advances in antiviral therapy during pregnancy to block mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus[J]. J Clin Hepatol, 2024, 40(11): 2158-2163. DOI: 10.12449/JCH241105.