Advances in the application of microspheres and nanoparticles in transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

Chuyue ZHANG; Jianing SHI; Mingda WANG; Han WU; Lijun SHI; Tian YANG

doi:10.12449/JCH240428

Volume 40 Issue 4

Apr. 2024

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Abstract

References

Article Navigation > Journal of Clinical Hepatology > 2024 > 40(4): 816-821

PDF( 690 KB)

Advances in the application of microspheres and nanoparticles in transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

DOI: 10.12449/JCH240428

1.
Department of Gastroenterology，The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University，Harbin 150007，China
2.
Endoscopy Center，Shanghai East Hospital，Tongji University School of Medicine，Shanghai 200120，China
3.
Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery，The Third Affiliated Hospital of Navy Medical University，Shanghai 200438，China

Research funding:

National Natural Science Foundation of China (82273074)

More Information

Corresponding author: YANG Tian， yangtian6666@hotmail.com （ORCID： 0000-0003-1544-0976）
Received Date: 2023-07-25
Accepted Date: 2023-08-10
Published Date: 2024-04-25

Abstract

Abstract

In recent years， transcatheter arterial chemoembolization （TACE） has emerged as a common treatment modality for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）. However， with the ongoing development of embolic agent techniques， the new advances in microspheres and nanoparticles have brought new hope for improving the efficacy and safety of TACE. This article reviews the latest advances and applications of microspheres and nanoparticles in TACE for HCC. First， this article introduces the background of TACE as a therapeutic approach and the emergence of microsphere and nanoparticle techniques， and then it describes the application of various types of microspheres and nanoparticles in TACE and discusses the requisite attributes of an ideal embolic agents. The article focuses on the advances in material science and engineering， as well as the clinical efficacy of drug-eluting microspheres and nanoparticles versus conventional TACE. Furthermore， it discusses the importance of radiological examination in TACE and summarizes the research advances in the radiopaque and magnetic resonance-visible embolic agents. This article also explores the future development directions and challenges of TACE. It also points out the combination of microspheres and nanoparticles with other treatment modalities， the application of personalized and precision medicine in TACE， and the potential regimen of TACE in clinical translation， and meanwhile， it raises the issues of ethics and regulation that need to be further discussed. It is believed that microspheres and nanoparticles have a potential effect in TACE， which provides a theoretical basis and technical support for innovating HCC treatment regimens and improving the prognosis of patients through TACE interventions.
- Microspheres,
- Nanospheres,
- Carcinoma， Hepatocellular,
- Chemoembolization， Therapeutic

FullText(HTML)

References(55)

References

[1]	LIU ZL, SUN YZ, ZHEN HF, et al. Network pharmacology integrated with transcriptomics deciphered the potential mechanism of Codonopsis pilosula against hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2022, 2022: 1340194. DOI: 10.1155/2022/1340194.
[2]	ABOUGHALEB IH, MATBOLI M, SHAWKY SM, et al. Integration of transcriptomes analysis with spectral signature of total RNA for generation of affordable remote sensing of Hepatocellular carcinoma in serum clinical specimens[J]. Heliyon, 2021, 7( 3): e06388. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06388.
[3]	KIRSTEIN MM, WIRTH TC. Multimodal treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Internist(Berl), 2020, 61( 2): 164- 169. DOI: 10.1007/s00108-019-00722-x.
[4]	HELLER M, PARIKH ND, FIDELMAN N, et al. Frontiers of therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Abdom Radiol(NY), 2021, 46( 8): 3648- 3659. DOI: 10.1007/s00261-021-03065-0.
[5]	TAN DJH, WONG C, NG CH, et al. A meta-analysis on the rate of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplant and associations to etiology, alpha-fetoprotein, income and ethnicity[J]. J Clin Med, 2021, 10( 2): 238. DOI: 10.3390/jcm10020238.
[6]	SANTOPAOLO F, LENCI I, MILANA M, et al. Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: Where do we stand?[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2019, 25( 21): 2591- 2602. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i21.2591.
[7]	SINGAL AG, LLOVET JM, YARCHOAN M, et al. AASLD practice guidance on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Hepatology, 2023, 78( 6): 1922- 1965. DOI: 10.1097/HEP.0000000000000466.
[8]	NEVOLA R, RUOCCO R, CRISCUOLO L, et al. Predictors of early and late hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2023, 29( 8): 1243- 1260. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i8.1243.
[9]	YU ZY, YANG SY, LI JQ, et al. Current developmental status of non-surgical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. J Clin Hepatol, 2021, 37( 5): 1205- 1207. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2021.05.048. 于志远, 杨诗语, 李佳启, 等. 肝细胞癌非手术治疗的发展现状[J]. 临床肝胆病杂志, 2021, 37( 5): 1205- 1207. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2021.05.048.
[10]	LENCIONI R, DE BAERE T, SOULEN MC, et al. Lipiodol transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review of efficacy and safety data[J]. Hepatology, 2016, 64( 1): 106- 116. DOI: 10.1002/hep.28453.
[11]	PENG QJ, DAI T, XIE GB, et al. Research advances in transcatheter arterial chemoembolization combined with targeted agents or anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibody in treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. J Clin Hepatol, 2023, 39( 7): 1740- 1746. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2023.07.033. 彭秋菊, 戴涛, 谢贵波, 等. 不可切除肝细胞癌的经肝动脉化疗栓塞术联合靶向药物或程序性死亡受体1及其配体单抗治疗进展[J]. 临床肝胆病杂志, 2023, 39( 7): 1740- 1746. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2023.07.033.
[12]	XU JS, CHENG XQ, TAN LF, et al. Microwave responsive nanoplatform via P-selectin mediated drug delivery for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with distant metastasis[J]. Nano Lett, 2019, 19( 5): 2914- 2927. DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b05202.
[13]	LADJU RB, ULHAQ ZS, SORAYA GV. Nanotheranostics: A powerful next-generation solution to tackle hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2022, 28( 2): 176- 187. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i2.176.
[14]	REN ZG, CHEN XM, HONG LJ, et al. Nanoparticle conjugation of ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma development and metastasis[J]. Small, 2020, 16( 2): e1905233. DOI: 10.1002/smll.201905233.
[15]	KANG T, ZHU QQ, WEI D, et al. Nanoparticles coated with neutrophil membranes can effectively treat cancer metastasis[J]. ACS Nano, 2017, 11( 2): 1397- 1411. DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b06477.
[16]	MIN YZ, ROCHE KC, TIAN SM, et al. Antigen-capturing nanoparticles improve the abscopal effect and cancer immunotherapy[J]. Nat Nanotechnol, 2017, 12( 9): 877- 882. DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2017.113.
[17]	WANG DW, WU QR, GUO R, et al. Magnetic liquid metal loaded nano-in-micro spheres as fully flexible theranostic agents for SMART embolization[J]. Nanoscale, 2021, 13( 19): 8817- 8836. DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01268a.
[18]	ZHANG YC, WANG MZ, HAN XW, et al. Safety and efficacy of camrelizumab added to second-line therapy after drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization combined with apatinib for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. J Clin Hepatol, 2023, 39( 4): 834- 842. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2023.04.014. 张延藏, 王满周, 韩新巍, 等. 载药栓塞微球经肝动脉化疗栓塞术联合阿帕替尼治疗不可切除肝癌后二线追加卡瑞利珠单抗的安全性和有效性分析[J]. 临床肝胆病杂志, 2023, 39( 4): 834- 842. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2023.04.014.
[19]	BAKRANIA A, ZHENG G, BHAT M. Nanomedicine in hepatocellular carcinoma: A new frontier in targeted cancer treatment[J]. Pharmaceutics, 2021, 14( 1): 41. DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010041.
[20]	JIA GR, van VALKENBURGH J, CHEN AZ, et al. Recent advances and applications of microspheres and nanoparticles in transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol, 2022, 14( 2): e1749. DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1749.
[21]	LAMMER J, MALAGARI K, VOGL T, et al. Prospective randomized study of doxorubicin-eluting-bead embolization in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: Results of the PRECISION V study[J]. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol, 2010, 33( 1): 41- 52. DOI: 10.1007/s00270-009-9711-7.
[22]	GOLFIERI R, GIAMPALMA E, RENZULLI M, et al. Randomised controlled trial of doxorubicin-eluting beads vs conventional chemoembolisation for hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Br J Cancer, 2014, 111( 2): 255- 264. DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.199.
[23]	ZHANG ZS, LI HZ, MA C, et al. Conventional versus drug-eluting beads chemoembolization for infiltrative hepatocellular carcinoma: A comparison of efficacy and safety[J]. BMC Cancer, 2019, 19( 1): 1162. DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6386-6.
[24]	LE BQG, DOAN TLH. Trend in biodegradable porous nanomaterials for anticancer drug delivery[J]. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol, 2023, 15( 4): e1874. DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1874.
[25]	WU G, HUI XD, HU LH, et al. Recent advancement of bioinspired nanomaterials and their applications: A review[J]. Front Bioeng Biotechnol, 2022, 10: 952523. DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.952523.
[26]	GIRI TK, CHOUDHARY C, AJAZUDDIN, et al. Prospects of pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals loaded microparticles prepared by double emulsion technique for controlled delivery[J]. Saudi Pharm J, 2013, 21( 2): 125- 141. DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2012.05.009.
[27]	DELICQUE J, GUIU B, BOULIN M, et al. Liver chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma using TANDEM^® microspheres[J]. Future Oncol, 2018, 14( 26): 2761- 2772. DOI: 10.2217/fon-2018-0237.
[28]	LEWIS AL, HALL B. Toward a better understanding of the mechanism of action for intra-arterial delivery of irinotecan from DC Bead^(TM)(DEBIRI)[J]. Future Oncol, 2019, 15( 17): 2053- 2068. DOI: 10.2217/fon-2019-0071.
[29]	LEI Q, ZHAO J, HE F, et al. Preparation of poly(ionic liquid) microbeads via cooling-assisted phase separation method[J]. Macromol Rapid Commun, 2021, 42( 17): e2100275. DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100275.
[30]	WANG JM, JANSEN JA, YANG F. Electrospraying: Possibilities and challenges of engineering carriers for biomedical applications-a mini review[J]. Front Chem, 2019, 7: 258. DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00258.
[31]	ISHIKAWA T. Prevention of post-embolization syndrome after transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma-is prophylactic dexamethasone useful, or not?[J]. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr, 2018, 7( 3): 214- 216. DOI: 10.21037/hbsn.2018.03.08.
[32]	IDÉE JM, GUIU B. Use of Lipiodol as a drug-delivery system for transcatheter arterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma: A review[J]. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol, 2013, 88( 3): 530- 549. DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2013.07.003.
[33]	XIE Y, QI X, XU K, et al. Transarterial infusion of iRGD-modified ZrO₂ nanoparticles with lipiodol improves the tissue distribution of doxorubicin and its antitumor efficacy[J]. J Vasc Interv Radiol, 2019, 30( 12): 2026- 2035.e2. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2019.04.014.
[34]	XUE HY, YU ZY, LIU Y, et al. Delivery of miR-375 and doxorubicin hydrochloride by lipid-coated hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles to overcome multiple drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Int J Nanomedicine, 2017, 12: 5271- 5287. DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S135306.
[35]	LEE SY, CHOI JW, LEE JY, et al. Hyaluronic acid/doxorubicin nanoassembly-releasing microspheres for the transarterial chemoembolization of a liver tumor[J]. Drug Deliv, 2018, 25( 1): 1472- 1483. DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1480673.
[36]	LI GP, YE L, PAN JS, et al. Antitumoural hydroxyapatite nanoparticles-mediated hepatoma-targeted trans-arterial embolization gene therapy: in vitro and in vivo studies[J]. Liver Int, 2012, 32( 6): 998- 1007. DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2012.02761.x.
[37]	FANG Y, ZHENG GF, YANG JP, et al. Dual-pore mesoporous carbon@silica composite core-shell nanospheres for multidrug delivery[J]. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl, 2014, 53( 21): 5366- 5370. DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402002.
[38]	WHITESIDES GM. The origins and the future of microfluidics[J]. Nature, 2006, 442( 7101): 368- 373. DOI: 10.1038/nature05058.
[39]	ROZYNEK Z, BIELAS R, JÓZEFCZAK A. Correction: Efficient formation of oil-in-oil Pickering emulsions with narrow size distributions by using electric fields[J]. Soft Matter, 2019, 15( 7): 1692. DOI: 10.1039/c9sm90016k.
[40]	WU ST, FAN K, YANG Q, et al. Smart nanoparticles and microbeads for interventional embolization therapy of liver cancer: State of the art[J]. J Nanobiotechnology, 2023, 21( 1): 42. DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01804-7.
[41]	FACCIORUSSO A. Drug-eluting beads transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: Current state of the art[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2018, 24( 2): 161- 169. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i2.161.
[42]	GANGLOFF N, ULBRICHT J, LORSON T, et al. Peptoids and polypeptoids at the frontier of supra- and macromolecular engineering[J]. Chem Rev, 2016, 116( 4): 1753- 1802. DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00201.
[43]	LEE Y, THOMPSON DH. Stimuli-responsive liposomes for drug delivery[J]. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol, 2017, 9( 5): 10.1002/wnan. 1450. DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1450.
[44]	MURA S, NICOLAS J, COUVREUR P. Stimuli-responsive nanocarriers for drug delivery[J]. Nat Mater, 2013, 12( 11): 991- 1003. DOI: 10.1038/nmat3776.
[45]	WU BL, ZHOU J, LING GH, et al. CalliSpheres drug-eluting beads versus lipiodol transarterial chemoembolization in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: A short-term efficacy and safety study[J]. World J Surg Oncol, 2018, 16( 1): 69. DOI: 10.1186/s12957-018-1368-8.
[46]	BZEIZI KI, ARABI M, JAMSHIDI N, et al. Conventional transarterial chemoembolization versus drug-eluting beads in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Cancers, 2021, 13( 24): 6172. DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246172.
[47]	ZENG J, LI L, ZHANG HS, et al. Radiopaque and uniform alginate microspheres loaded with tantalum nanoparticles for real-time imaging during transcatheter arterial embolization[J]. Theranostics, 2018, 8( 17): 4591- 4600. DOI: 10.7150/thno.27379.
[48]	HU JJ, ALBADAWI H, CHONG BW, et al. Advances in biomaterials and technologies for vascular embolization[J]. Adv Mater, 2019, 31( 33): e1901071. DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901071.
[49]	TACHER V, DURAN R, LIN MD, et al. Multimodality imaging of ethiodized oil-loaded radiopaque microspheres during transarterial embolization of rabbits with VX2 liver tumors[J]. Radiology, 2016, 279( 3): 741- 753. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2015141624.
[50]	MONDINI M, LEVY A, MEZIANI L, et al. Radiotherapy-immunotherapy combinations-perspectives and challenges[J]. Mol Oncol, 2020, 14( 7): 1529- 1537. DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12658.
[51]	DHONDT E, LAMBERT B, HERMIE L, et al. ⁹⁰Y radioembolization versus drug-eluting bead chemoembolization for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: Results from the TRACE phase II randomized controlled trial[J]. Radiology, 2022, 303( 3): 699- 710. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.211806.
[52]	FAN WZ, WU YQ, LU MJ, et al. A meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of iodine[¹³¹I]metuximab infusion combined with TACE for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol, 2019, 43( 4): 451- 459. DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2018.09.006.
[53]	LEE KH, LIAPI E, VOSSEN JA, et al. Distribution of iron oxide-containing Embosphere particles after transcatheter arterial embolization in an animal model of liver cancer: Evaluation with MR imaging and implication for therapy[J]. J Vasc Interv Radiol, 2008, 19( 10): 1490- 1496. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2008.06.008.
[54]	VAN ELK M, OZBAKIR B, BARTEN-RIJBROEK AD, et al. Alginate microspheres containing temperature sensitive liposomes(TSL) for MR-guided embolization and triggered release of doxorubicin[J]. PLoS One, 2015, 10( 11): e0141626. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141626.
[55]	DASH A, PILLAI MRA, KNAPP FF JR. Production of(177)Lu for targeted radionuclide therapy: Available options[J]. Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2015, 49( 2): 85- 107. DOI: 10.1007/s13139-014-0315-z.

Relative Articles

[1]	Hua HAN, Zhongping DUAN, Yang WANG. Application of machine learning in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis C[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2025, 41(1): 141-144. doi: 10.12449/JCH250121
[2]	Yu MA, Feng JIA, Kaiyu LIU, Yahui LIU. Current status of the application of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2024, 40(10): 2121-2126. doi: 10.12449/JCH241032
[3]	Qian ZHANG, Tao HAN. Prognostic evaluation of acute－on－chronic liver failure[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2023, 39(10): 2301-2306. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2023.10.006
[4]	Honglian DU, Ye LI, Bo WANG, Linkun MA, Tiantian HU, Yunjian SHENG, Wen CHEN, Gang WU, Cunliang DENG. Value of indocyanine green clearance test combined with total bilirubin actual resident rate in evaluating the short-term prognosis of patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure after artificial liver support system therapy[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2023, 39(2): 307-315. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2023.02.009
[5]	Yuhang CHEN, Zimeng JIANG, Zhijiao ZHANG, Mengyao ZHENG, Meilian WANG, Hua HUANG, Gongfang ZHAO. The influence of diagnostic criteria of different guidelines on short-term prognosis of artificial liver therapy for acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2023, 39(11): 2629-2634. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2023.11.017
[6]	Haitao LI, Hongzhi LIU, Gouxu FANG, Pengfei GUO, Zhenwei CHEN, Jingfeng LIU. Application of Mengchao Liver Disease-Brain System version 2.0 in artificial intelligence-assisted clinical diagnosis and treatment： A preliminary study[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2023, 39(12): 2901-2907. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2023.12.022
[7]	Minyue YIN, Jinzhou ZHU, Lu LIU, Jingwen GAO, Jiaxi LIN, Chunfang XU. Research advances in machine learning models for acute pancreatitis[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2023, 39(12): 2978-2984. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2023.12.034
[8]	Yuyu ZENG, Dakai GAN, Nengwen XIE, Jiao WAN, Molong XIONG. Prognosis and adverse reactions of patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure receiving artificial liver support therapy stratified by international normalized ratio[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2022, 38(10): 2308-2312. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2022.10.020
[9]	Chihua FANG, Wei CAI. Application of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis and treatment of primary liver cancer[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2022, 38(1): 26-29. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2022.01.004
[10]	Hongzhi LIU, Jingfeng LIU. Application status and prospect of artificial intelligence in surgical treatment of primary liver cancer[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2022, 38(1): 10-14. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2022.01.001
[11]	Zhixing LIANG, Linsen YE, Yang YANG. Application of artificial intelligence in liver transplantation[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2022, 38(1): 30-34. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2022.01.005
[12]	Gong FENG, Xueying WANG, Shanshan LI, Na HE, Haoyun ZHENG, Man MI, Qinqin YAN. Application of artificial intelligence and machine learning in non-alcoholic fatty liver research[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2022, 38(10): 2352-2356. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2022.10.029
[13]	Fajuan RUI, Qi XUE, Cuihong LIU, Zhaoyang GUO, Hongli YANG, Chuanli LIU, Yayun XU, Wanhua REN, Chengyong QIN, Jie LI. Application of machine learning in hepatitis B virus-related liver diseases[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2021, 37(7): 1686-1689. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2021.07.044
[14]	Hu Hui, Huang BeiBei, Ning Ling, Jiang ShouWei, Shen Qiang, Liu Lei, Li Lei. Establishment and evaluation of a predictive model for short-time prognosis of patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2020, 36(1): 123-127. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2020.01.027
[15]	Yang ShuJuan, Tian Zhen, He YingLi, Zhao YingRen, Zhang Jing, Lu: HengYi, Song HongBo. Predisposing factors for acute-on-chronic liver failure and their influence on prognosis[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2020, 36(1): 128-131. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2020.01.028
[16]	GONG Hang, HUANG Zhong, LIU XianLi. Application of artificial intelligence in various liver and pancreas diseases[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2020, 36(12): 2865-2869. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2020.12.048
[17]	Tong JingJing, Mu XiuYing, Xu Xiang, Chen Jing, Zhai XingRan, Wang Yu, Su HaiBin, Liu XiaoYan, Hu JinHua. Association between blood ammonia and 90-day prognosis in patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2019, 35(6): 1304-1307. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2019.06.024
[18]	Liu Juan, Bai FeiYun, Zhang Jing. Research advances in diagnostic criteria for acute-on-chronic liver failure and models for prognostic evaluation[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2019, 35(6): 1384-1387. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2019.06.046
[19]	Wang JiaXin, Cheng Na, Xiang TianXin, Li ShuYue, Xiao JinPing, Wu XiaoPing. Establishment and evaluation of short-term prognostic model for hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2019, 35(6): 1299-1303. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2019.06.023
[20]	Wang Xian, Wang ShaoYang, Huang DeDong, Chen Jian, Chen DeLiang. Analysis of short-term prognostic factors in patients with HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure treated with artificial liver support system[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2014, 30(4): 367-369. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2014.04.020

Supplements(0)

Cited By

Proportional views

Proportional views

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Article Metrics

Article views (422) PDF downloads(54)

Advances in the application of microspheres and nanoparticles in transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

DOI: 10.12449/JCH240428

Abstract

References

Relative Articles

Proportional views

Catalog

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

Article Metrics

Proportional views

Related

Advances in the application of microspheres and nanoparticles in transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

DOI: 10.12449/JCH240428

Abstract

References

Relative Articles

Proportional views

Catalog

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

Article Metrics

Proportional views

Related

About Journal

Submission Guideline

Journal Online

Hepatobiliary College

Guidelines

Export File

Citation

Format

Content