Research advances in liver failure associated with hepatitis B virus reactivation

Yu SHI; Min ZHENG

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2021.04.002

Volume 37 Issue 4

Apr. 2021

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Abstract

References

Article Navigation > Journal of Clinical Hepatology > 2021 > 37(4): 752-756

PDF( 1908 KB)

Research advances in liver failure associated with hepatitis B virus reactivation

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2021.04.002

Yu SHI,
Min ZHENG^,

State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China

Received Date: 2020-12-23
Accepted Date: 2021-03-01
Published Date: 2021-04-20

Abstract

Abstract

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public issue in the world. Although currently used antiviral drugs can effectively control virus replication, they cannot clear HBV and HBV reactivation is still observed after the withdrawal of anti-HBV drugs. Meanwhile, experimental studies and clinical research have shown that after HBV infection, although 95% of the adult patients can achieve clinical cure spontaneously, virus genome still exists in host hepatocytes, and when immunosuppressants or chemotherapeutic drugs are used for the treatment of underlying diseases such as solid tumor, hematological malignancies, rheumatic immune diseases, and HCV infection, HBV replication might be reactivated. HBV reactivation may lead to severe clinical outcomes, and some patients may experience liver failure or even death. Retrospective studies in China show that 9%-30% of the cases of acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure are caused by HBV reactivation, and therefore, it is of great importance to identify the population at risk of HBV reactivation and develop reasonable preventive measures, which may help to reduce the development of acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure. This article reviews the definition and basis of HBV reactivation, elaborates on the predisposing factors and mechanism of HBV reactivation in inducing liver failure, and summarizes the population requiring prevention and related preventive measures.
- Hepatitis B virus,
- Liver Failure,
- Therapeutics

FullText(HTML)

志谢: 感谢所有参与本研究的患者及其家人的理解和支持，感谢姬旭慧、刘媛、谢霄梦等参与采集样本及随访的研究生同学。

References(33)

References

[1]	SHI Y, ZHENG M. Hepatitis B virus persistence and reactivation[J]. BMJ, 2020, 370: m2200. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m2200.
[2]	SHI Y, YANG Y, HU Y, et al. Acute-on-chronic liver failure precipitated by hepatic injury is distinct from that precipitated by extrahepatic insults[J]. Hepatology, 2015, 62(1): 232-242. DOI: 10.1002/hep.27795.
[3]	VISRAM A, FELD JJ. Defining and grading HBV reactivation[J]. Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken), 2015, 5(2): 35-38. DOI: 10.1002/cld.426.
[4]	NASSAL M. HBV cccDNA: Viral persistence reservoir and key obstacle for a cure of chronic hepatitis B[J]. Gut, 2015, 64(12): 1972-1984. DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309809.
[5]	RABE B, VLACHOU A, PANTÉ N, et al. Nuclear import of hepatitis B virus capsids and release of the viral genome[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2003, 100(17): 9849-9854. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1730940100.
[6]	TUTTLEMAN JS, POURCEL C, SUMMERS J. Formation of the pool of covalently closed circular viral DNA in hepadnavirus-infected cells[J]. Cell, 1986, 47(3): 451-460. DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90602-1.
[7]	TROPBERGER P, MERCIER A, ROBINSON M, et al. Mapping of histone modifications in episomal HBV cccDNA uncovers an unusual chromatin organization amenable to epigenetic manipulation[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2015, 112(42): e5715-e5724. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1518090112.
[8]	WU TT, COATES L, ALDRICH CE, et al. In hepatocytes infected with duck hepatitis B virus, the template for viral RNA synthesis is amplified by an intracellular pathway[J]. Virology, 1990, 175(1): 255-261. DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(90)90206-7.
[9]	MORALEDA G, SAPUTELLI J, ALDRICH CE, et al. Lack of effect of antiviral therapy in nondividing hepatocyte cultures on the closed circular DNA of woodchuck hepatitis virus[J]. J Virol, 1997, 71(12): 9392-9399. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.71.12.9392-9399.1997.
[10]	MURRAY JM, WIELAND SF, PURCELL RH, et al. Dynamics of hepatitis B virus clearance in chimpanzees[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2005, 102(49): 17780-17785. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0508913102.
[11]	WERLE-LAPOSTOLLE B, BOWDEN S, LOCARNINI S, et al. Persistence of cccDNA during the natural history of chronic hepatitis B and decline during adefovir dipivoxil therapy[J]. Gastroenterology, 2004, 126(7): 1750-1758. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2004.03.018.
[12]	MASON AL, XU L, GUO L, et al. Molecular basis for persistent hepatitis B virus infection in the liver after clearance of serum hepatitis B surface antigen[J]. Hepatology, 1998, 27(6): 1736-1742. DOI: 10.1002/hep.510270638.
[13]	AOKI J, KOWAZAKI Y, OHTSUKI T, et al. Kinetics of peripheral hepatitis B virus-specific CD8⁺ T cells in patients with onset of viral reactivation[J]. J Gastroenterol, 2013, 48(6): 728-737. DOI: 10.1007/s00535-012-0676-y.
[14]	CHEN Z, DIAZ G, POLLICINO T, et al. Role of humoral immunity against hepatitis B virus core antigen in the pathogenesis of acute liver failure[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2018, 115(48): e11369-e11378. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1809028115.
[15]	CHENG X, XIA Y, SERTI E, et al. Hepatitis B virus evades innate immunity of hepatocytes but activates cytokine production by macrophages[J]. Hepatology, 2017, 66(6): 1779-1793. DOI: 10.1002/hep.29348.
[16]	FISICARO P, VALDATTA C, BONI C, et al. Early kinetics of innate and adaptive immune responses during hepatitis B virus infection[J]. Gut, 2009, 58(7): 974-982. DOI: 10.1136/gut.2008.163600.
[17]	WU W, YAN H, ZHAO H, et al. Characteristics of systemic inflammation in hepatitis B-precipitated ACLF: Differentiate it from No-ACLF[J]. Liver Int, 2018, 38(2): 248-257. DOI: 10.1111/liv.13504.
[18]	ZHANG Y, ZHAO R, SHI D, et al. Characterization of the circulating microbiome in acute-on-chronic liver failure associated with hepatitis B[J]. Liver Int, 2019, 39(7): 1207-1216. DOI: 10.1111/liv.14097.
[19]	CHEN Y, GUO J, QIAN G, et al. Gut dysbiosis in acute-on-chronic liver failure and its predictive value for mortality[J]. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2015, 30(9): 1429-1437. DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12932.
[20]	TAN W, XIA J, DAN Y, et al. Genome-wide association study identifies HLA-DR variants conferring risk of HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. Gut, 2018, 67(4): 757-766. DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-313035.
[21]	ZHU YC, GAO YJ, YAN JH. Severe hepatitis resulted from inappropriate use of nucleoside drugs[J]. J Clin Hepatol, 2010, 26(6): 596-597. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2010.06.011 朱玉成, 高玉金, 闫家徽. 不恰当停用核苷类药物后导致重型肝炎的分析[J]. 临床肝胆病杂志, 2010, 26(6): 596-597. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2010.06.011
[22]	ZHAO RH, SHI Y, ZHAO H, et al. Acute-on-chronic liver failure in chronic hepatitis B: An update[J]. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2018, 12(4): 341-350. DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2018.1426459.
[23]	KARVELLAS CJ, CARDOSO FS, GOTTFRIED M, et al. HBV-associated acute liver failure after immunosuppression and risk of death[J]. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2017, 15(1): 113-122. DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2016.06.008.
[24]	MVCKE MM, BACKUS LI, MVCKE VT, et al. Hepatitis B virus reactivation during direct-acting antiviral therapy for hepatitis C: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2018, 3(3): 172-180. DOI: 10.1016/S2468-1253(18)30002-5.
[25]	WANG C, JI D, CHEN J, et al. Hepatitis due to reactivation of hepatitis B virus in endemic areas among patients with hepatitis C treated with direct-acting antiviral agents[J]. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2017, 15(1): 132-136. DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2016.06.023.
[26]	ENDE AR, KIM NH, YEH MM, et al. Fulminant hepatitis B reactivation leading to liver transplantation in a patient with chronic hepatitis C treated with simeprevir and sofosbuvir: A case report[J]. J Med Case Rep, 2015, 9: 164. DOI: 10.1186/s13256-015-0630-8.
[27]	HSU C, HSIUNG CA, SU IJ, et al. A revisit of prophylactic lamivudine for chemotherapy-associated hepatitis B reactivation in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: A randomized trial[J]. Hepatology, 2008, 47(3): 844-853. DOI: 10.1002/hep.22106.
[28]	HUANG H, LI X, ZHU J, et al. Entecavir vs lamivudine for prevention of hepatitis B virus reactivation among patients with untreated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma receiving R-CHOP chemotherapy: A randomized clinical trial[J]. JAMA, 2014, 312(23): 2521-2530. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2014.15704.
[29]	TOKA B, KOKSAL AS, EMINLER AT, et al. Comparison of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and entecavir in the prophylaxis of HBV reactivation[J]. Dig Dis Sci, 2020. DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06506-w. [Online ahead of print]
[30]	PERRILLO RP, GISH R, FALCK-YTTER YT. American Gastroenterological Association Institute technical review on prevention and treatment of hepatitis B virus reactivation during immunosuppressive drug therapy[J]. Gastroenterology, 2015, 148(1): 221-244.e3. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.10.038.
[31]	KANDA T, LAU G, WEI L, et al. APASL HCV guidelines of virus-eradicated patients by DAA on how to monitor HCC occurrence and HBV reactivation[J]. Hepatol Int, 2019, 13(6): 649-661. DOI: 10.1007/s12072-019-09988-7.
[32]	GARG H, SARIN SK, KUMAR M, et al. Tenofovir improves the outcome in patients with spontaneous reactivation of hepatitis B presenting as acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. Hepatology, 2011, 53(3): 774-780. DOI: 10.1002/hep.24109.
[33]	YU S, JIANQIN H, WEI W, et al. The efficacy and safety of nucleos(t)ide analogues in the treatment of HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure: A meta-analysis[J]. Ann Hepatol, 2013, 12(3): 364-372. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i42.7455

Relative Articles

Supplements(0)

Cited By

Cited by

Periodical cited type(3)

1.	亢必勃，赵绒，赵杨，申焕君，陈朝霞，周云，范超. 血浆B细胞趋化因子1和干细胞因子水平与HBV感染患者临床指标的关系. 基础医学与临床. 2023(02): 289-292 .
2.	付雪，宁登，陈劲，杜鹏程，刘秋梦，姜立. eEF1A1通过HGF/c-MET通路调控肝癌细胞的迁移和侵袭能力. 中国组织化学与细胞化学杂志. 2023(02): 119-127 .
3.	赵晨晨，杨方，王伟. 干扰素联合肝动脉化疗栓塞和门静脉化疗对预防肝癌术后复发的临床意义分析. 中国现代药物应用. 2022(03): 150-152 .

Other cited types(1)

Proportional views

Proportional views

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

Tables(1)

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Article Metrics

Article views (816) PDF downloads(137)

Research advances in liver failure associated with hepatitis B virus reactivation

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2021.04.002