Risk factors for early postoperative liver metastasis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and related mechanisms

Chunhui Qi; Chujun Huang; Pengfei Lyu; Tingkai Yang; Bin Li; Xiaoliang Zhu

doi:10.12449/JCH260735

Volume 42 Issue 7

Jul. 2026

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Article Navigation > Journal of Clinical Hepatology > 2026 > 42(7): 1738-1744

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Risk factors for early postoperative liver metastasis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and related mechanisms

DOI: 10.12449/JCH260735

Chunhui Qi^{1, 2},
Chujun Huang^{1, 2},
Pengfei Lyu^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5},
Tingkai Yang^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5},
Bin Li^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5},
Xiaoliang Zhu^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5
,
,
,}

1.
The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University，Lanzhou 730000，China
2.
Department of General Surgery，The First Hospital of Lanzhou University，Lanzhou 730000，China
3.
National Clinical Key Specialty of General Surgery，The First Hospital of Lanzhou University，Lanzhou 730000，China
4.
Precision Medicine Laboratory，The First Hospital of Lanzhou University，Lanzhou 730000，China
5.
Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine，Lanzhou 730000，China

Research funding:

National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFC2503602);

Major Joint Project of Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Department (24JRRA909);

Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province (25JRRA1003)

More Information

Corresponding author: Zhu Xiaoliang， zhuxiaoliang1981@163.com （ORCID： 0000-0002-5697-9583）
Received Date: 2025-11-27
Accepted Date: 2026-01-12
Published Date: 2026-07-25

Abstract

Abstract

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma （PDAC） is highly malignant and often has an extremely poor prognosis， and early postoperative liver metastasis is one of the key influencing factors for prognosis. With reference to the clinical and experimental studies in recent years， this article reviews the clinical risk factors for early liver metastasis after PDAC and systematically elaborates on major molecular events underlying early postoperative liver metastasis from various aspects of construction of the pre-metastatic niche in the liver driven by tumor-derived exosomes， the pro-metastatic microenvironment maintained by metastasis-associated macrophages and neutrophil extracellular traps， the invasive phenotype and liver-tropic migration of tumor cells， intrahepatic immunometabolic adaptation， and fibrotic remodeling， in order to provide a theoretical basis for perioperative risk stratification and the development of intervention strategies.
- Carcinoma， Pancreatic Ductal,
- Neoplasm Metastasis,
- Risk Factors

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References(49)

References

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Risk factors for early postoperative liver metastasis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and related mechanisms

DOI: 10.12449/JCH260735

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Risk factors for early postoperative liver metastasis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and related mechanisms

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