肝细胞癌(HCC)是临床常见的恶性肿瘤之一。HCC早期治疗以手术切除为主,但侵袭性HCC的治疗策略目前选择有限,索拉非尼、仑伐替尼及程序性细胞死亡受体1及其配体免疫抑制剂治疗HCC的效果不佳,临床有效率不足30%。因此,亟需进一步探究HCC的发病机制与治疗靶点。随着基因组学研究的发展,对HCC肿瘤生物学的认识逐渐深入,但HCC的泛素化特征尚不明晰。本研究旨在揭示HCC的泛素化特征,并探寻可指导侵袭性HCC临床诊断和治疗的潜在生物标志物。
陆军军医大学第一附属医院(重庆西南医院)谢传明教授、张雷达教授与重庆医科大学侯宇教授等通过对85例HCC患者肿瘤及相邻正常肝组织进行蛋白质组学、磷酸化修饰组学和泛素化修饰组学测序与分析发现,COL4A1、LAMC1和LAMA4在无病生存期较差患者中高表达。磷酸化与泛素化修饰在代谢和转移相关信号通路中存在关联。利用泛素化组学和蛋白质组学数据对HCC进行分子分型,发现具有不同临床特征的3个亚型:S-Ⅰ、S-Ⅱ和S-Ⅲ。S-Ⅰ亚型以代谢相关蛋白高表达为特征,预后最好;S-Ⅲ亚型与增殖/转移信号通路密切相关,预后最差,表现为总生存期最短和复发率最高;而S-Ⅱ亚型则介于两者之间。研究发现,生物标志物TUBA1A、BHMT2、BHMT和ACY1的表达表现出不同的泛素化水平,与HCC患者预后不良密切相关,表明靶向这些蛋白质或其泛素化修饰蛋白可能对临床治疗有益。此外,研究证实TUBA1A K370去泛素化可驱动HCC发生与转移,这主要归因于AKT介导的USP14激活。TUBA1A K370去泛素化标志着一类高侵袭性HCC亚型。值得注意的是,靶向AKT-USP14-TUBA1A复合物可促进TUBA1A降解,并在体内阻断HCC发生。
总之,本研究从泛素化组学、磷酸化组学和蛋白质组学角度对HCC进行了全面的整合分析,该研究不仅加深了对HCC中泛素化特征的了解,并为开发新的HCC生物标志物和潜在的治疗靶点提供了依据。
摘译自LIN XT, LUO YD, MAO C, et al. Integrated ubiquitomics characterization of hepatocellular carcinomas[J]. Hepatology, 2024. DOI: 10.1097/HEP.0000000000001096. [Online ahead of print]
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