中文English
ISSN 1001-5256 (Print)
ISSN 2097-3497 (Online)
CN 22-1108/R
Issue 7
Jul.  2012
Turn off MathJax
Article Contents

Role of “two-hit” in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Research funding:

 

  • Published Date: 2012-07-20
  • The manifestation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) ranges from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.The "two-hit" hypothesis of NAFLD is widely accepted as an accurate description of the underlying pathogenic mechanism.The first hit is an increased fat flux to the liver, which predisposes a patient to the second hit, in which increased mitochondrial free fatty acid oxidation promotes oxidative stress, lipoperoxidation, and increased reactive oxygen species.In this review, we discuss the roles of immune-and inflammation-related factors, such as cytokines, and metabolic factors in the "two-hit" process of NAFLD.

     

  • loading
  • [1]Forbes S, Taylor-Robinson SD, Patel N, et al.Increasedprevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Europeanwomen with a history of gestational diabetes[J].Diabetolo-gia, 2011, 54 (3) :641-647.
    [2]Yatsuji S, Hashimoto E, Kaneda H, et al.Diagnosing auto-immune hepatitis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease:is the In-ternational Autoimmune Hepatitis Group scoring system use-ful?[J].J Gastroenterol, 2005, 40 (12) :1130-1138.
    [3]Chen ZW, Chen LY, Dai HL, et al.Relationship between al-anine aminotransferase levels and metabolic syndrome innonalcoholic fatty liver disease[J].J Zhejiang Univ Sci B, 2008, 9 (8) :616-622.
    [4]Matafome P, Nunes E, Louro T, et al.A role for atorvastatinand insulin combination in protecting from liver injury in a modelof type 2 diabetes with hyperlipidemia[J].Naunyn-Schmiede-berg’s Arch Pharmacol, 2009, 379 (3) :241-251.
    [5]Alkhouri N, Tamimi TA, Yerian L, et al.The inflamed liverand atherosclerosis:a link between histologic severity ofnonalcoholic fatty liver disease and increased cardiovascularrisk[J].Dig Dis Sci, 2010, 55 (9) :2644-2650.
    [6]Aygun C, Kocaman O, Sahin T, et al.Evaluation of metabol-ic syndrome frequency and carotid artery intima-mediathickness as risk factors for atherosclerosis in patients withnonalcoholic fatty liver disease[J].Dig Dis Sci, 2008, 53 (5) :1352-1357.
    [7]Schnedl WJ, Wallner SJ, Piswanger C, et al.Glycated he-moglobin and liver disease in diabetes mellitus[J].WienMed Wochenschr, 2005, 155 (17-18) :411-415.
    [8]Inoue H, Sameshima N, Ishida T, et al.Vulnerability of ex-perimentally induced fatty liver to heat stress in rats[J].JGastroenterol, 2006, 41 (1) :55-61.
    [9]Caballería L, Auladell MA, Torán P, et al.Prevalence andfactors associated with the presence of nonalcoholic fatty liv-er disease in an apparently healthy adult population in prima-ry care units[J].BMC Gastroenterology, 2007, 5 (7) :41.
    [10]Carazo A, León J, Casado J, et al.Hepatic expression of adi-ponectin receptors increases with non-alcoholic fatty liver dis-ease progression in morbid obesity in correlation with glutathi-one peroxidase 1[J].Obes Surg, 2011, 21 (4) :492-500.
    [11]Sachdev MS, Riely CA, Madan AK, et al.Nonalcoholic fattyliver disease of obesity mankanwal[J].Obesity Surgery, 2006, 16 (11) :1412-1419.
    [12]Ping XU, Zhang XG, Li YM, et al.Research on the protec-tion effect of pioglitazone for non-alcoholic fatty liver dis-ease (NAFLD) in rats[J].J Zhejiang Univ Science B, 2006, 7 (8) :627-633.
    [13]Lewis JR, Mohanty SR.Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease:a re-view and update[J].Dig Dis Sci, 2010, 55 (3) :560-578.
    [14]Schindhelm RK, Diamant M, Heine RJ, et al.Non-alcohol-ic Fatty Liver Disease and Cardiovascular Disease Risk[J].Current Diabetes Reports, 2007, 7:181-187.
    [15]Buechler C, Wanninger J, Neumeier M, et al.Adiponectin, a key adipokine in obesity related liver diseases[J].World JGastroenterol, 2011, 17 (23) :2801-2811.
    [16]Duvnjak M, Lerotic I, Barsic N, et al.Pathogenesis and man-agement issues for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease[J].WorldJ Gastroenterol, 2007, 13 (34) :4539-4550.
    [17]Stefan N, Machicao F, Staiger H, et al.Polymorphisms inthe gene encoding adiponectin receptor 1 are associated withinsulin resistance and high liver fat[J].Diabetologia, 2005, 48 (11) :2282-2291.
    [18]Ozkol M, Ersoy B, Kasirga E, et al.Metabolic predictors forearly identification of fatty liver using doppler and B-modeultrasonography in overweight and obese adolescents[J].Eur J Pediatr, 2010, 169 (11) :1345-1352.
    [19]Harte AL, Silva NFD, Creely SJ, et al.Elevated endotoxinlevels in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease[J].J Inflamm, 2010, 7:15.
    [20]Chen X, Zhang C, Zhao M, et al.Melatonin alleviates li-popolysaccharide-induced hepatic SREBP-1c activationand lipid accumulation in mice[J].J Pineal Res, 2011, 51 (4) :416-425.
    [21]Jornayvaz FR, Birkenfeld AL, Jurczak MJ, et al.Hepatic in-sulin resistance in mice with hepatic overexpression of diacyl-glycerol acyltransferase 2[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2011, 108 (14) :5748-5752.
    [22]Yndestad A, Haukeland JW, Dahl TB, et al.Activin A innonalcoholic fatty liver disease[J].Vitam Horm, 2011, 85:323-342.
    [23]Argentou M, Tiniakos DG, Karanikolas M, et al.Adipokineserum levels are related to liver histology in severely obesepatients undergoing bariatric surgery[J].Obes Surg, 2009, 19 (9) :1313-1323.
    [24]Fernández-Real JM, Ortega F, Gómez-Ambrosi J, et al.Circulating osteocalcin concentrations are associated with pa-rameters of liver fat infiltration and increase in parallel to de-creased liver enzymes after weight loss[J].Osteoporos Int, 2010, 21 (12) :2101-2107.
    [25]Martínez-Clemente M, Clària J, Titos E, et al.The 5-li-poxygenase/leukotriene pathway in obesity, insulin resist-ance, and fatty liver disease[J].Curr Opin Clin Nutr MetabCare, 2011, 14 (4) :347-353.
    [26]Espe M, Rathore RM, Du ZY, et al.Methionine limitation resultsin increased hepatic FAS activity, higher liver 18:1 to 18:0 fattyacid ratio and hepatic TAG accumulation in Atlantic salmon, Salmosalar[J].Amino Acids, 2010, 39 (2) :449-460.
    [27]Botezelli JD, Mora RF, Dalia RA, et al.Exercise counteractsfatty liver disease in rats fed on fructose-rich diet[J].Lip-ids in Health and Disease, 2010, 9:116.
    [28]Du D, Shi YH, Le GW, et al.Oxidative stress induced by high-glucose diet in liver of C57BL/6J mice and its underlyingmechanism[J].Mol Biol Rep, 2010, 37 (8) :3833-3839.
    [29]Duseja A.Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in India-a lotdone, yet more required![J].Indian J Gastroenterol, 2010, 29 (6) :217-225.
    [30]Ferreira-Hermosillo A, Torres-Duran PV, Juarez-OropezaMA, et al.Hepatoprotective effects of Spirulina maxima inpatients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease:a case series[J].J Med Case Reports, 2010, 4:103.
    [31]Wolf AM, Busch B, Kuhlmann HW, et al.Histological changesin the liver of morbidly obese patients:correlation with metabol-ic parameters[J].Obes Surg, 2005, 15 (2) :228-237.
    [32]Cardoso AR, Costa JVC, Kowaltowski AJ, et al.Effects of ahigh fat diet on liver mitochondria:increased ATP-sensitiveK+channel activity and reactive oxygen species generation[J].J Bioenerg Biomembr, 2010, 42 (3) :245-253.
    [33]Zhan YT, An W.Roles of liver innate immune cells in nonal-coholic fatty liver disease[J]World J Gastroenterol, 2010, 16 (37) :4652-4660.
    [34]Sa'nchez-Lozada LG, Mu W, Roncal C, et al.Comparisonof free fructose and glucose to sucrose in the ability to causefatty liver[J].Eur J Nutr, 2010, 49 (1) :1-9.
    [35]Lim JS, Mietus-Snyder M, Valente A, et al.The role offructose in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and the metabolicsyndrome[J].Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2010, 7 (5) :251-264.
    [36]Aller R, Luis DAD, Izaola O, et al.Influence of visfatin onhistopathological changes of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease[J].Dig dis sci, 2009, 54 (8) :1772-1777.
    [37]Koda M, Kawakami M, Murawaki Y, et al.The impact ofvisceral fat in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease:cross-sec-tional and longitudinal studies[J].J Gastroenterol, 2007, 42 (11) :897-903.
    [38]Baranova A, Schlauch K, Elariny H, et al.Gene expressionpatterns in hepatic tissue and visceral adipose tissue of pa-tients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease[J].Obes Surg, 2007, 17 (8) :1111-1118.
    [39]Ma KL, Ruan XZ, Powis SH, et al.Inflammatory stress ex-acerbates lipid accumulation in hepatic cells and fatty livers ofapolipoprotein E knockout mice[J].Hepatology, 2008, 48 (3) :770-781.
    [40]Roth CL, Elfers CT, Figlewicz DP, et al.Vitamin D deficien-cy in obese rats exacerbates NAFLD and increases hepaticresistin and toll-like receptor activation[J].Hepatology, 2012, 55 (4) :1103-1111.
    [41]Botella-Carretero JI, Balsa JA, Vázquez C, et al.Retinoland alpha-tocopherol in morbid obesity and nonalcoholic fat-ty liver disease[J].Obes Surg, 2010, 20 (1) :69-76.
    [42]Gentile CL, Pagliassotti MJ.The role of fatty acids in the de-velopment and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease[J].J Nutr Biochem, 2008, 19 (9) :567-576.
  • 加载中

Catalog

    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

    1. 本站搜索
    2. 百度学术搜索
    3. 万方数据库搜索
    4. CNKI搜索

    Article Metrics

    Article views (6545) PDF downloads(1153) Cited by()
    Proportional views
    Related

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return