Objective To investigate the correlation between the serum hepatitis B virus markers and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) type of syndrome in chronic hepatitis B patients.Methods 299 patients were divided into two groups based on the classical differential diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine: Syndrome of qi system and syndrome of xue system.The serum hepatitis B virus markers were detected.Results HBeAg negativity rate was significantly higher in pa-tients with syndrome of xue system than syndrome of qi system (P < 0.01) .The serum HBV DNA level in patients with syndrome of xue system was significantly lower than syndrome of qi system (P < 0.05) .There was no significant difference in HBV DNA positivity rate between the two groups.Conclusion Hepatitis B virus mutation was higher in patients with syndrome of xue system than syndrome of qi system.These mutations are probably related to syndrome of xue system.