Research advances in the association between sarcopenia and hepatic encephalopathy in patients with liver cirrhosis

Yijing ZHU; Wei LI; Shousong ZHAO

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2023.03.030

Volume 39 Issue 3

Mar. 2023

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Article Navigation > Journal of Clinical Hepatology > 2023 > 39(3): 671-676

PDF( 1759 KB)

Research advances in the association between sarcopenia and hepatic encephalopathy in patients with liver cirrhosis

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2023.03.030

Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, China

More Information

Corresponding author: LI Wei, liwei79722.student@sina.com (ORCID: 0000-0002-1659-4910)
Received Date: 2022-07-23
Accepted Date: 2022-08-25
Published Date: 2023-03-20

Abstract

Abstract

Sarcopenia is one of the manifestations of malnutrition in patients with liver cirrhosis. Most studies have shown that sarcopenia is associated with overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE), leading to an increased risk of events such as reduced quality of life, poor clinical prognosis, and even death in patients with liver cirrhosis, but there are few studies on the association between sarcopenia and minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE). This article reviews the research advances in sarcopenia and hepatic encephalopathy to provide a reliable basis for clinical treatment, and it is pointed out that the nutritional status of patients can be improved to prevent MHE and even reduce the onset of OHE, thereby improving patient prognosis, increasing quality of life, and reducing the risk of death.
- Liver Cirrhosis,
- Sarcopenia,
- Hepatic Encephalopathy

FullText(HTML)

References(41)

References

[1]	Chinese Society of Hepatology, Chinese Medical Association. Guidelines on the management of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis[J]. J Clin Hepatol, 2018, 34(10): 2076-2089. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2018.10.007. 中华医学会肝病学分会. 肝硬化肝性脑病诊疗指南[J]. 临床肝胆病杂志, 2018, 34(10): 2076-2089. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2018.10.007.
[2]	NARDELLI S, LATTANZI B, MERLI M, et al. Muscle alterations are associated with minimal and overt hepatic encephalopathy in patients with liver cirrhosis[J]. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2019, 70(5): 1704-1713. DOI: 10.1002/hep.30692.
[3]	BHANJI R A, MOCTEZUMA-VELAZQUEZ C, DUARTE-ROJO A, et al. Myosteatosis and sarcopenia are associated with hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis[J]. Hepatol Int, 2018, 12(4): 377-386. DOI: 10.1007/s12072-018-9875-9.
[4]	XU CQ, MOHAMAD Y, KAPPUS MR, et al. The relationship between frailty and cirrhosis etiology: From the Functional Assessment in Liver Transplantation (FrAILT) Study[J]. Liver Int, 2021, 41(10): 2467-2473. DOI: 10.1111/liv.15006.
[5]	HAN F, HAN T, LIANG J. Assessment and clinical management of sarcopenia in patients with liver cirrhosis[J]. J Clin Hepatol, 2019, 35(4): 891-894. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2019.04.041. 韩芳, 韩涛, 梁静. 肝硬化患者肌少症的评估与临床管理[J]. 临床肝胆病杂志, 2019, 35(4): 891-894. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2019.04.041.
[6]	CRUZ-JENTOFT AJ, BAHAT G, BAUER J, et al. Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis[J]. Age Ageing, 2019, 48(1): 16-31. DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afy169.
[7]	KIM G, KANG SH, KIM MY, et al. Prognostic value of sarcopenia in patients with liver cirrhosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. PLoS One, 2017, 12(10): e0186990. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186990.
[8]	SHARMA P, RAUF A, MATIN A, et al. Handgrip strength as an important bed side tool to assess malnutrition in patient with liver disease[J]. J Clin Exp Hepatol, 2017, 7(1): 16-22. DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2016.10.005.
[9]	WU SW, WU SF, LIANG HW, et al. Measuring factors affecting grip strength in a Taiwan Chinese population and a comparison with consolidated norms[J]. Appl Ergon, 2009, 40(4): 811-815. DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2008.08.006.
[10]	CHEN LK, LIU LK, WOO J, et al. Sarcopenia in Asia: consensus report of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia[J]. J Am Med Dir Assoc, 2014, 15(2): 95-101. DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2013.11.025.
[11]	LIU LK, LEE WJ, LIU CL, et al. Age-related skeletal muscle mass loss and physical performance in Taiwan: implications to diagnostic strategy of sarcopenia in Asia[J]. Geriatr Gerontol Int, 2013, 13(4): 964-971. DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12040.
[12]	Chinese Medical Association, Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Salt Diseases Branch. Sarcopenia consensus[J]. Chin J Osteoporosis Bone Miner Res, 2016, 9(3): 215-227. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-2591.2016.03.001. 中华医学会骨质疏松和骨矿盐疾病分会. 肌少症共识[J]. 中华骨质疏松和骨矿盐疾病杂志, 2016, 9(3): 215-227. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-2591.2016.03.001.
[13]	DURAND F, BUYSE S, FRANCOZ C, et al. Prognostic value of muscle atrophy in cirrhosis using psoas muscle thickness on computed tomography[J]. J Hepatol, 2014, 60(6): 1151-1157. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.02.026.
[14]	VELLAS B, FIELDING RA, BENS C, et al. Implications of ICD-10 for sarcopenia clinical practice and clinical trials: Report by the international conference on frailty and sarcopenia research task force[J]. J Frailty Aging, 2018, 7(1): 2-9. DOI: 10.14283/jfa.2017.30.
[15]	LOCQUET M, BEAUDART C, PETERMANS J, et al. EWGSOP2 versus EWGSOP1: Impact on the prevalence of sarcopenia and its major health consequences[J]. J Am Med Dir Assoc, 2019, 20(3): 384-385. DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2018.11.027.
[16]	CAREY EJ, LAI JC, SONNENDAY C, et al. A north american expert opinion statement on sarcopenia in liver transplantation[J]. Hepatology, 2019, 70(5): 1816-1829. DOI: 10.1002/hep.30828.
[17]	STEGENGA H, HAINES A, JONES K, et al. Identification, assessment, and management of overweight and obesity: summary of updated NICE guidance[J]. BMJ, 2014, 349: g6608. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.g6608.
[18]	WHO Expert Consultation. Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies[J]. Lancet, 2004, 363(9403): 157-163. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15268-3.
[19]	CAREY EJ, LAI JC, WANG CW, et al. A multicenter study to define sarcopenia in patients with end-stage liver disease[J]. Liver Transpl, 2017, 23(5): 625-633. DOI: 10.1002/lt.24750.
[20]	ANAND A, MOHTA S, AGARWAL S, et al. European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) criteria with population-based skeletal muscle index best predicts mortality in asians with cirrhosis[J]. J Clin Exp Hepatol, 2022, 12(1): 52-60. DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2021.03.015.
[21]	HOU L, DENG Y, FAN X, et al. A sex-stratified prognostic nomogram incorporating body compositions for long-term mortality in cirrhosis[J]. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2021, 45(2): 403-413. DOI: 10.1002/jpen.1841.
[22]	XU M, LI T, KONG M, et al. Psoas muscle index can be used to predict long-term mortality in young male patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. Front Nutr, 2022, 9: 811826. DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.811826.
[23]	FUJIWARA N, NAKAGAWA H, KUDO Y, et al. Sarcopenia, intramuscular fat deposition, and visceral adiposity independently predict the outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. J Hepatol, 2015, 63(1): 131-140. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.02.031.
[24]	TANDON P, NEY M, IRWIN I, et al. Severe muscle depletion in patients on the liver transplant wait list: its prevalence and independent prognostic value[J]. Liver Transpl, 2012, 18(10): 1209-1216. DOI: 10.1002/lt.23495.
[25]	CHANG KV, CHEN JD, WU WT, et al. Is sarcopenia associated with hepatic encephalopathy in liver cirrhosis? A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. J Formos Med Assoc, 2019, 118(4): 833-842. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2018.09.011.
[26]	GLASS C, HIPSKIND P, TSIEN C, et al. Sarcopenia and a physiologically low respiratory quotient in patients with cirrhosis: a prospective controlled study[J]. J Appl Physiol (1985), 2013, 114(5): 559-565. DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01042.2012.
[27]	AGRAWAL S, UMAPATHY S, DHIMAN RK. Minimal hepatic encephalopathy impairs quality of life[J]. J Clin Exp Hepatol, 2015, 5(Suppl 1): S42-S48. DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2014.11.006.
[28]	BAJAJ JS, WADE JB, GIBSON DP, et al. The multi-dimensional burden of cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy on patients and caregivers[J]. Am J Gastroenterol, 2011, 106(9): 1646-1653. DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2011.157.
[29]	MERLI M, GIUSTO M, LUCIDI C, et al. Muscle depletion increases the risk of overt and minimal hepatic encephalopathy: results of a prospective study[J]. Metab Brain Dis, 2013, 28(2): 281-284. DOI: 10.1007/s11011-012-9365-z.
[30]	HANAI T, SHIRAKI M, WATANABE S, et al. Sarcopenia predicts minimal hepatic encephalopathy in patients with liver cirrhosis[J]. Hepatol Res, 2017, 47(13): 1359-1367. DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12873.
[31]	NARDELLI S, RIGGIO O, GIOIA S, et al. Risk factors for hepatic encephalopathy and mortality in cirrhosis: The role of cognitive impairment, muscle alterations and shunts[J]. Dig Liver Dis, 2022, 54(8): 1060-1065. DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2021.12.015.
[32]	HANAI T, NISHIMURA K, MIWA T, et al. Usefulness of nutritional therapy recommended in the Japanese Society of Gastroenterology/Japan Society of Hepatology evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for liver cirrhosis 2020[J]. J Gastroenterol, 2021, 56(10): 928-937. DOI: 10.1007/s00535-021-01821-z.
[33]	NARDELLI S, GIOIA S, PASQUALE C, et al. Cognitive impairment predicts the occurrence of hepatic encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt[J]. Am J Gastroenterol, 2016, 111(4): 523-528. DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2016.29.
[34]	CAI W, LIN H, QI R, et al. Psoas muscle density predicts occurrences of hepatic encephalopathy in patients receiving transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts within 1 year[J]. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol, 2022, 45(1): 93-101. DOI: 10.1007/s00270-021-02961-8.
[35]	GIOIA S, RIDOLA L, CRISTOFARO L, et al. The improvement in body composition including subcutaneous and visceral fat reduces ammonia and hepatic encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt[J]. Liver Int, 2021, 41(12): 2965-2973. DOI: 10.1111/liv.15060.
[36]	YANG C, ZHU X, LIU J, et al. Development and validation of prognostic models to estimate the risk of overt hepatic encephalopathy after TIPS creation: A multicenter study[J]. Clin Transl Gastroenterol, 2022, 13(3): e00461. DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000461.
[37]	ZENG X, SHI ZW, YU JJ, et al. Sarcopenia as a prognostic predictor of liver cirrhosis: a multicentre study in China[J]. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle, 2021, 12(6): 1948-1958. DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12797.
[38]	KUMAR A, DAVULURI G, SILVA RNE, et al. Ammonia lowering reverses sarcopenia of cirrhosis by restoring skeletal muscle proteostasis[J]. Hepatology, 2017, 65(6): 2045-2058. DOI: 10.1002/hep.29107.
[39]	EBADI M, TSIEN C, BHANJI RA, et al. Skeletal muscle pathological fat infiltration (myosteatosis) is associated with higher mortality in patients with cirrhosis[J]. Cells, 2022, 11(8): 1345. DOI: 10.3390/cells11081345.
[40]	MIWA T, HANAI T, NISHIMURA K, et al. Survival benefit of l-carnitine supplementation in patients with cirrhosis[J]. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2022, 46(6): 1326-1334. DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2386.
[41]	IACOB S, MINA V, MANDEA M, et al. Assessment of sarcopenia related quality of life using SarQoL^Ⓡ questionnaire in patients with liver cirrhosis[J]. Front Nutr, 2022, 9: 774044. DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.774044.

Relative Articles

Supplements(0)

Cited By

Proportional views

Proportional views

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Article Metrics

Article views (575) PDF downloads(109)

Research advances in the association between sarcopenia and hepatic encephalopathy in patients with liver cirrhosis

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2023.03.030

Abstract

References

Proportional views

Catalog

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

Article Metrics

Proportional views

Related

Research advances in the association between sarcopenia and hepatic encephalopathy in patients with liver cirrhosis

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2023.03.030

Abstract

References

Proportional views

Catalog

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

Article Metrics

Proportional views

Related

About Journal

Submission Guideline

Journal Online

Hepatobiliary College

Guidelines

Export File

Citation

Format

Content