Advances and prospects of systemic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma

Ground-breaking advances have been made in systemic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）， which have significantly improved the clinical prognosis of patients with advanced HCC. This article summarizes the key advances and clinical challenges in systemic therapy for HCC. With the combination of various novel targeted therapy and immunotherapy regimens and the application of dual immunotherapy regimens， there has been an increasing number of clinical treatment options， while there are still key challenges such as optimization of treatment regimens， management of drug resistance， and treatment of special populations. Current studies are exploring precise classification based on multi-omics characteristics and the strategies for novel combined therapies， and in particular， triple-combination regimens have the potential to break through the bottleneck in efficacy. In the future， it is necessary to establish a more individualized and refined whole-course management system and further improve the long-term survival benefits of patients by optimizing immune microenvironment modulation and transforming therapeutic paradigms. Advances in this field will promote the transition from traditional paradigm to precision medicine in the treatment of HCC.