中文English
ISSN 1001-5256 (Print)
ISSN 2097-3497 (Online)
CN 22-1108/R
Volume 40 Issue 2
Feb.  2024
Turn off MathJax
Article Contents

Association of intestinal microecology with the development and progression of autoimmune hepatitis

DOI: 10.12449/JCH240225
Research funding:

Guangxi Science and Technology Program Project (AD17129027);

Key (Cultivation) Laboratory of Health Commission of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (ZZH2020006)

More Information
  • Corresponding author: ZHANG Guo, zhangguogx@hotmail.com (ORCID: 0000-0001-7755-443X)
  • Received Date: 2023-06-20
  • Accepted Date: 2023-07-11
  • Published Date: 2024-02-19
  • Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic liver inflammation, with a gradually increasing incidence rate, and its social and medical burdens cannot be neglected. Intestinal microecology is becoming a research hotspot in the field of autoimmune disease. In recent years, it has been believed that changes in intestinal microecology can cause changes in autoimmune state, microbial metabolites, and intestinal barrier, which is one of the driving factors for the onset of AIH. Early diagnosis and correct treatment can help to improve the prognosis of AIH patients. This article introduces the characteristics of gut microbiota in AIH patients, elaborates on the impact of intestinal microflora imbalance on the pathogenesis of AIH, and briefly describes related treatment regimens from the perspective of intestinal microecology, so as to comprehensively understand and explain the role of intestinal microecology in AIH and the impact of intestinal microecology balance on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of AIH.

     

  • loading
  • [1]
    Chinese Society of Hepatology, Chinese Medical Association. Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis(2021)[J]. J Clin Hepatol, 2022, 38( 1): 42- 49. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2022.01.008.

    中华医学会肝病学分会. 自身免疫性肝炎诊断和治疗指南(2021)[J]. 临床肝胆病杂志, 2022, 38( 1): 42- 49. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2022.01.008.
    [2]
    PUUSTINEN L, BARNER-RASMUSSEN N, PUKKALA E, et al. Incidence, prevalence, and causes of death of patients with autoimmune hepatitis: A nationwide register-based cohort study in Finland[J]. Dig Liver Dis, 2019, 51( 9): 1294- 1299. DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2019.01.015.
    [3]
    GRØNBAEK L, OTETE H, BAN L, et al. Incidence, prevalence and mortality of autoimmune hepatitis in England 1997-2015. A population-based cohort study[J]. Liver Int, 2020, 40( 7): 1634- 1644. DOI: 10.1111/liv.14480.
    [4]
    LAMBA M, NGU JH, STEDMAN CAM. Trends in incidence of autoimmune liver diseases and increasing incidence of autoimmune hepatitis[J]. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2021, 19( 3): 573- 579. DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.05.061.
    [5]
    TRIVEDI PJ, HIRSCHFIELD GM. Recent advances in clinical practice: Epidemiology of autoimmune liver diseases[J]. Gut, 2021, 70( 10): 1989- 2003. DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322362.
    [6]
    FLOREANI A, RESTREPO-JIMÉNEZ P, SECCHI MF, et al. Etiopathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis[J]. J Autoimmun, 2018, 95: 133- 143. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.10.020.
    [7]
    TORRES J, HU JZ, SEKI A, et al. Infants born to mothers with IBD present with altered gut microbiome that transfers abnormalities of the adaptive immune system to germ-free mice[J]. Gut, 2020, 69( 1): 42- 51. DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317855.
    [8]
    NABHANI Z AL, EBERL G. Imprinting of the immune system by the microbiota early in life[J]. Mucosal Immunol, 2020, 13( 2): 183- 189. DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-0257-y.
    [9]
    BOULUND U, BASTOS DM, FERWERDA B, et al. Gut microbiome associations with host genotype vary across ethnicities and potentially influence cardiometabolic traits[J]. Cell Host Microbe, 2022, 30( 10): 1464- 1480. DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.08.013.
    [10]
    LEE BT, TANA MM, KAHN JA, et al. We are not immune: Racial and ethnic disparities in autoimmune liver diseases[J]. Hepatology, 2021, 74( 5): 2876- 2887. DOI: 10.1002/hep.31985.
    [11]
    LYNCH SV, PEDERSEN O. The human intestinal microbiome in health and disease[J]. N Engl J Med, 2016, 375( 24): 2369- 2379. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1600266.
    [12]
    TERZIROLI BERETTA-PICCOLI B, MIELI-VERGANI G, VERGANI D. Autoimmmune hepatitis[J]. Cell Mol Immunol, 2022, 19( 2): 158- 176. DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00768-8.
    [13]
    WEI YR, LI YM, YAN L, et al. Alterations of gut microbiome in autoimmune hepatitis[J]. Gut, 2020, 69( 3): 569- 577. DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317836.
    [14]
    LOU JM, JIANG Y, RAO BC, et al. Fecal microbiomes distinguish patients with autoimmune hepatitis from healthy individuals[J]. Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 2020, 10: 342. DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00342.
    [15]
    LIWINSKI T, CASAR C, RUEHLEMANN MC, et al. A disease-specific decline of the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium in patients with autoimmune hepatitis[J]. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2020, 51( 12): 1417- 1428. DOI: 10.1111/apt.15754.
    [16]
    WANG H, BANERJEE N, LIANG YJ, et al. Gut microbiome-host interactions in driving environmental pollutant trichloroethene-mediated autoimmunity[J]. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 2021, 424: 115597. DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115597.
    [17]
    WANG H, WANG Q, YANG CM, et al. Bacteroides acidifaciens in the gut plays a protective role against CD95-mediated liver injury[J]. Gut Microbes, 2022, 14( 1): 2027853. DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2027853.
    [18]
    CHEN JN, LI XH, ZENG P, et al. Lamina propria interleukin 17 A aggravates natural killer T-cell activation in autoimmune hepatitis[J]. FASEB J, 2022, 36( 6): e22346. DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101734RRR.
    [19]
    CENTA M, WEINSTEIN EG, CLEMENTE JC, et al. Impaired central tolerance induces changes in the gut microbiota that exacerbate autoimmune hepatitis[J]. J Autoimmun, 2022, 128: 102808. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102808.
    [20]
    DALILE B, VAN OUDENHOVE L, VERVLIET B, et al. The role of short-chain fatty acids in microbiota-gut-brain communication[J]. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2019, 16( 8): 461- 478. DOI: 10.1038/s41575-019-0157-3.
    [21]
    LIU QQ, TIAN HX, KANG YB, et al. Probiotics alleviate autoimmune hepatitis in mice through modulation of gut microbiota and intestinal permeability[J]. J Nutr Biochem, 2021, 98: 108863. DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108863.
    [22]
    ZHANG HX, LIU M, LIU X, et al. Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis 420 mitigates autoimmune hepatitis through regulating intestinal barrier and liver immune cells[J]. Front Immunol, 2020, 11: 569104. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.569104.
    [23]
    BHASKARAN N, QUIGLEY C, PAW C, et al. Role of short chain fatty acids in controlling T(regs) and immunopathology during mucosal infection[J]. Front Microbiol, 2018, 9: 1995. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01995.
    [24]
    HU ED, CHEN DZ, WU JL, et al. High fiber dietary and sodium butyrate attenuate experimental autoimmune hepatitis through regulation of immune regulatory cells and intestinal barrier[J]. Cell Immunol, 2018, 328: 24- 32. DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.03.003.
    [25]
    WU JL, ZOU JY, HU ED, et al. Sodium butyrate ameliorates S100/FCA-induced autoimmune hepatitis through regulation of intestinal tight junction and toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway[J]. Immunol Lett, 2017, 190: 169- 176. DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.08.005.
    [26]
    YANG JS, XIE WT, YU KK, et al. Methyl butyrate attenuates concanavalin A-induced autoimmune hepatitis by inhibiting Th1-cell activation and homing to the liver[J]. Cell Immunol, 2022, 378: 104575. DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104575.
    [27]
    ELSHERBINY NM, RAMMADAN M, HASSAN EA, et al. Autoimmune hepatitis: Shifts in gut microbiota and metabolic pathways among Egyptian patients[J]. Microorganisms, 2020, 8( 7): 1011. DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071011.
    [28]
    MA JL, HONG Y, ZHENG NN, et al. Gut microbiota remodeling reverses aging-associated inflammation and dysregulation of systemic bile acid homeostasis in mice sex-specifically[J]. Gut Microbes, 2020, 11( 5): 1450- 1474. DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1763770.
    [29]
    MENCARELLI A, RENGA B, MIGLIORATI M, et al. The bile acid sensor farnesoid X receptor is a modulator of liver immunity in a rodent model of acute hepatitis[J]. J Immunol, 2009, 183( 10): 6657- 6666. DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901347.
    [30]
    ZHANG T, RAO QR, DAI MY, et al. Tripterygium wilfordii protects against an animal model of autoimmune hepatitis[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2023, 309: 116365. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116365.
    [31]
    LARABI AB, MASSON HLP, BÄUMLER AJ. Bile acids as modulators of gut microbiota composition and function[J]. Gut Microbes, 2023, 15( 1): 2172671. DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2172671.
    [32]
    FUNG TC, VUONG HE, LUNA CDG, et al. Intestinal serotonin and fluoxetine exposure modulate bacterial colonization in the gut[J]. Nat Microbiol, 2019, 4( 12): 2064- 2073. DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0540-4.
    [33]
    ALMISHRI W, SHAHEEN AA, SHARKEY KA, et al. The antidepressant mirtazapine inhibits hepatic innate immune networks to attenuate immune-mediated liver injury in mice[J]. Front Immunol, 2019, 10: 803. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00803.
    [34]
    XUE RF, ZHANG HM, PAN J, et al. Peripheral dopamine controlled by gut microbes inhibits invariant natural killer T cell-mediated hepatitis[J]. Front Immunol, 2018, 9: 2398. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02398.
    [35]
    ZHANG HX, LIU M, ZHONG WL, et al. Leaky gut driven by dysbiosis augments activation and accumulation of liver macrophages via RIP3 signaling pathway in autoimmune hepatitis[J]. Front Immunol, 2021, 12: 624360. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.624360.
    [36]
    LIN HW, LIN J, PAN TT, et al. Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor deficiency exacerbates autoimmune hepatitis by inducing intestinal dysbiosis and barrier dysfunction[J]. Cell Death Dis, 2023, 14( 1): 68. DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05589-3.
    [37]
    LIN R, ZHOU L, ZHANG J, et al. Abnormal intestinal permeability and microbiota in patients with autoimmune hepatitis[J]. Int J Clin Exp Pathol, 2015, 8( 5): 5153- 5160.
    [38]
    MA L, ZHANG LW, ZHUANG Y, et al. Lactobacillus improves the effects of prednisone on autoimmune hepatitis via gut microbiota-mediated follicular helper T cells[J]. Cell Commun Signal, 2022, 20( 1): 83. DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00819-7.
    [39]
    KANG YB, KUANG XY, YAN H, et al. A novel synbiotic alleviates autoimmune hepatitis by modulating the gut microbiota-liver axis and inhibiting the hepatic TLR4/NF-‍κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway[J]. mSystems, 2023, 8( 2): e0112722. DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01127-22.
    [40]
    MA L, ZHANG LW, SONG JG, et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation controls progression of experimental autoimmune hepatitis in mice by modulating the TFR/TFH immune imbalance and intestinal microbiota composition[J]. Front Immunol, 2021, 12: 728723. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.728723.
    [41]
    MANRIQUE P, DILLS M, YOUNG MJ. The human gut phage community and its implications for health and disease[J]. Viruses, 2017, 9( 6): 141. DOI: 10.3390/v9060141.
    [42]
    TOMOFUJI Y, KISHIKAWA T, MAEDA Y, et al. Whole gut virome analysis of 476 Japanese revealed a link between phage and autoimmune disease[J]. Ann Rheum Dis, 2022, 81( 2): 278- 288. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221267.
    [43]
    SCALDAFERRI F, LOPETUSO LR, PETITO V, et al. Gelatin tannate ameliorates acute colitis in mice by reinforcing mucus layer and modulating gut microbiota composition: Emerging role for‘gut barrier protectors’ in IBD?[J]. United European Gastroenterol J, 2014, 2( 2): 113- 122. DOI: 10.1177/2050640614520867.
    [44]
    WU HM, WEI J, WANG K, et al. Mucus protectors: Promising therapeutic strategies for inflammatory bowel disease[J]. Med Hypotheses, 2018, 120: 55- 59. DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.08.013.
    [45]
    QUE W, LIN H, LI X, et al. Koumine ameliorates concanavalin A-induced autoimmune hepatitis in mice: involvement of the Nrf2, NF-κB pathways, and gut microbiota[J]. Int Immunopharmacol, 2023, 114: 109573. DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109573.
  • 加载中

Catalog

    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

    1. 本站搜索
    2. 百度学术搜索
    3. 万方数据库搜索
    4. CNKI搜索

    Article Metrics

    Article views (304) PDF downloads(63) Cited by()
    Proportional views
    Related

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return