病毒性、酒精性与胆源性肝硬化患者心脏结构和功能的比较分析
DOI: 10.12449/JCH260613
Cardiac structure and function in patients with viral, alcoholic or biliary cirrhosis: A comparative study
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摘要:
目的 探索病毒性、酒精性与胆源性肝硬化患者心脏病变可能存在的差异。 方法 回顾性收集2020年1月—2023年12月因肝硬化于湖南省人民医院住院的512例患者的临床资料。根据病因不同将患者分为3组,分别为病毒性肝硬化组(n=275)、酒精性肝硬化组(n=70)及胆源性肝硬化组(n=167)。符合正态分布的计量资料多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较根据方差齐性选择LSD-t或Tamhane’s T2检验;非正态分布的计量资料多组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验;计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验。 结果 3组患者的性别分布差异显著,病毒性及酒精性肝硬化组以男性为主,其比例分别为71.3%和95.7%,而胆源性肝硬化组则以女性为主(64.7%)。胆源性肝硬化组年龄为(61.67±9.59)岁,明显高于其他两组(P值均<0.05)。酒精性肝硬化组蔡尔德-皮尤评分(Child-Pugh评分)(H=30.598)、球蛋白(H=13.350)及QTc间期(F=9.956)明显高于其他两组,血红蛋白(F=4.529)、凝血酶原活动度(F=36.293)及白蛋白(F=15.744)均低于其他两组(P值均<0.05)。病毒性和酒精性肝硬化组心脏彩超各项指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05);病毒性及酒精性肝硬化组左心房前后径(H=19.197)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)(H=15.660)、右心房横径(H=22.854)、右心室中份横径(H=10.936)、舒张末期室间隔厚度(IVSd)(H=13.539)及舒张末期左室后壁厚度(LVPWd)(H=14.139)均大于胆源性肝硬化组,病毒性肝硬化组二尖瓣口舒张早期时快速充盈峰/舒张晚期时快速充盈峰(E/A)大于胆源性肝硬化组(P值均<0.05)。病毒性、酒精性及胆源性肝硬化3组左心室舒张功能减退患者分别为170例(61.8%)、45例(64.3%)及125例(74.9%),3组比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.074,P=0.018)。根据Child-Pugh评分将患者分为A、B及C 3个等级,对比3组患者心脏彩超结果显示,LVEDD、IVSd、LVPWd、E/A及左心室射血分数均无统计学差异(P值均>0.05)。 结论 不同病因肝硬化患者的心脏结构和功能存在差异,临床中应针对不同病因进行个体化心脏评估及干预。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the potential differences in cardiac lesions between the patients with viral, alcoholic or biliary cirrhosis. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 512 patients who were hospitalized in Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital due to liver cirrhosis from January 2020 to December 2023, and according to the etiology, the patients were divided into viral cirrhosis group with 275 patients, alcoholic cirrhosis group with 70 patients, and biliary cirrhosis group with 167 patients. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between multiple groups, and the least significant difference t-test or the Tamhane’s T2 test was used based on homogeneity of variance for further comparison between two groups; the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between multiple groups; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. Results There was a significant difference in sex distribution between the three groups, and the male patients accounted for 71.3% in the viral cirrhosis group and 95.7% in the alcoholic cirrhosis group, while the female patients accounted for 64.7% in the biliary cirrhosis group. The biliary cirrhosis group had an age of 61.67±9.59 years, which was significantly higher than that in the other two groups (P<0.05). Compared with the viral cirrhosis group and the biliary cirrhosis group, the alcoholic cirrhosis group had significantly higher Child-Pugh score (H=30.598, P<0.05), globulin (H=13.350, P<0.05), and QTc interval (F=9.956, P<0.05) and significantly lower hemoglobin (F=4.529, P<0.05), prothrombin activity (F=36.293, P<0.05), and albumin (F=15.744, P<0.05). There were no significant differences in each echocardiography parameter between the viral cirrhosis group and the alcoholic cirrhosis group (P>0.05); compared with the biliary cirrhosis group, the viral cirrhosis group and the alcoholic cirrhosis group had significantly larger left atrial anterior-posterior diameter (H=19.197, P<0.05), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) (H=15.660, P<0.05), right atrial transverse diameter (H=22.854, P<0.05), mid-right ventricular transverse diameter (H=10.936, P<0.05), interventricular septal thickness in diastole (IVSd) (H=13.539, P<0.05), and left ventricular posterior wall thickness in diastole (LVPWd) (H=14.139, P<0.05); compared with the biliary cirrhosis group, the viral cirrhosis group had a significantly higher mitral ratio of peak early to late diastolic filling velocity (E/A) (P<0.05). Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction was observed in 170 patients (61.8%) in the viral cirrhosis group, 45 patients (64.3%) in the alcoholic cirrhosis group, and 125 patients (74.9%) in the biliary cirrhosis group, with a significant difference between the three groups (χ2=8.074, P=0.018). The patients were divided into grade A, B, and C groups based on Child-Pugh score, and comparisons of echocardiography findings between the three groups showed no significant differences in LVEDD, IVSd, LVPWd, E/A, and left ventricular ejection fraction (all P>0.05). Conclusion There are differences in cardiac structure and function between patients with different etiologies of liver cirrhosis, and in clinical practice, individualized cardiac assessment and intervention should be performed based on different etiologies. -
Key words:
- Liver Cirrhosis /
- Cardiac Lesions /
- Comparative Study
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表 1 研究人群的基线比较
Table 1. Baseline comparison of the study population
指标 病毒性组(n=275) 酒精性组(n=70) 胆源性组(n=167) 统计值 P值 男性[例(%)] 196(71.3) 67(95.7)1) 59(35.3)1)2) χ2=94.949 <0.001 年龄(岁) 57.50±10.81 56.24±10.89 61.67±9.591)2) F=10.509 <0.001 糖尿病[例(%)] 17(6.2) 3(4.3) 12(7.2) χ2=0.713 0.700 Child-Pugh评分(分) 6(5~8) 8(6~10)1) 6(5~8)2) H=30.598 <0.001 HGB(g/L) 116.63±21.86 108.73±23.121) 117.26±18.932) F=4.529 0.011 PLT(×109/L) 86.00(58.00~150.50) 97.50(74.75~134.75) 177.00(115.25~240.00)1)2) H=84.091 <0.001 PTA(%) 75.94±22.45 69.24±22.371) 92.62±24.78 1)2) F=36.293 <0.001 Alb(g/L) 33.03±6.69 30.36±5.851) 35.22±5.651)2) F=15.744 <0.001 GLB(g/L) 28.70(25.52~32.59) 32.36(27.90~36.18)1) 29.09(25.64~32.48)2) H=13.350 0.001 TBil(μmol/L) 20.71(13.85~32.50) 34.66(20.45~83.75)1) 26.41(12.75~62.87)1) H=20.082 <0.001 TBA(μmol/L) 25.16(10.20~53.87) 39.70(21.34~72.92)1) 17.23(5.83~50.37)2) H=18.146 <0.001 eGFR 102.01(93.28~110.27) 105.65(95.77~118.34) 103.43(94.46~110.09) H=4.167 0.124 LDH(U/L) 205.30(170.60~255.30) 228.95(180.01~282.95) 188.20(165.10~230.50)1)2) H=12.721 0.002 CK-MB(U/L) 25.00(13.00~38.00) 22.00(15.46~34.25) 11.00(9.00~17.00)1)2) H=85.742 <0.001 MYO(ng/mL) 45.00(30.60~61.50) 41.00(28.35~61.43) 35.60(26.40~49.00)1) H=15.257 <0.001 QT间期(ms) 399.18±33.59 398.60±25.72 397.01±31.31 F=0.241 0.786 QTc间期(ms) 440.04±24.77 453.77±31.971) 436.60±29.232) F=9.956 <0.001 注:与病毒性组比较,1)P<0.05;与酒精性组比较,2)P<0.05。Child-Pugh评分,蔡尔德-皮尤评分;HGB,血红蛋白;PLT,血小板;PTA,凝血酶原活动度;Alb,血清白蛋白;GLB,球蛋白;TBil,总胆红素;TBA,总胆汁酸;eGFR,肾小球滤过率;LDH,乳酸脱氢酶;CK-MB,肌酸激酶同工酶MB;MYO,肌红蛋白。
表 2 不同病因肝硬化患者心脏彩超结果比较
Table 2. Comparison of echocardiographic findings in cirrhotic patients with different etiologies
指标 病毒性组(n=275) 酒精性组(n=70) 胆源性组(n=167) H值 P值 LA-ap(mm) 33.00(30.00~36.00) 34.00(30.75~37.00) 31.00(28.00~34.00)1)2) 19.197 <0.001 LVEDD(mm) 46.00(43.00~48.00) 46.00(44.00~48.00) 44.00(42.00~47.00)1)2) 15.660 <0.001 RA-t(mm) 30.00(28.00~32.00) 30.00(26.00~32.25) 28.00(26.00~30.00)1)2) 22.854 <0.001 RV-m(mm) 28.00(25.00~30.00) 28.00(25.00~30.00) 27.00(25.00~29.00)1)2) 10.936 0.004 IVSd(mm) 10.00(9.00~10.00) 10.00(9.00~11.00) 9.00(8.40~10.00)1)2) 13.539 0.001 LVPWd(mm) 9.30(9.00~10.00) 10.00(8.75~10.78) 9.00(8.00~10.00)1)2) 14.139 0.001 E(m/s) 0.70(0.57~0.88) 0.70(0.60~0.81) 0.70(0.57~0.80) 2.018 0.365 A(m/s) 0.78(0.66~0.95) 0.80(0.62~0.92) 0.81(0.70~0.98) 5.394 0.067 E/A 0.83(0.70~1.27) 0.83(0.71~1.22) 0.76(0.67~1.00)1) 8.210 0.016 LVEF(%) 67.00(64.00~71.00) 67.00(62.00~69.25) 67.00(63.00~71.00) 0.605 0.739 注:与病毒性组比较,1)P<0.05;与酒精性组比较,2)P<0.05。LA-ap,左心房前后径;LVEDD,左心室舒张末期内径;RA-t,右心房横径;RV-m,右心室中份横径;IVSd,舒张末期室间隔厚度;LVPWd,舒张末期左室后壁厚度;E,二尖瓣口舒张早期时快速充盈峰;A,二尖瓣口舒张晚期时快速充盈峰;LVEF,左心室射血分数。
表 3 不同Child-Pugh分级肝硬化患者心脏彩超结果比较
Table 3. Comparison of echocardiographic findings in cirrhotic patients with different Child-Pugh classifications
观察指标 Child-Pugh A级(n=263) Child-Pugh B级(n=185) Child-Pugh C级(n=64) H值 P值 LA-ap(mm) 32.00(29.00~35.00) 33.00(30.00~36.00)1) 34.00(31.00~37.00)1) 20.000 <0.001 LVEDD(mm) 45.00(42.00~48.00) 46.00(43.00~49.00) 45.50(42.00~48.00) 4.157 0.125 RA-t(mm) 29.00(27.00~31.00) 30.00(28.00~32.50)1) 30.00(26.25~32.00) 8.239 0.016 RV-m(mm) 27.00(25.00~29.00) 27.00(25.00~30.00)1) 28.00(26.25~30.00)1) 17.789 <0.001 IVSd(mm) 10.00(8.90~10.00) 10.00(9.00~10.00) 10.00(9.00~10.63) 0.076 0.963 LVPWd(mm) 9.00(8.60~10.00) 9.00(8.00~10.00) 9.95(9.00~10.00) 0.970 0.616 E(m/s) 0.66(0.55~0.80) 0.70(0.60~0.85) 0.77(0.64~0.90)1) 11.068 0.004 A(m/s) 0.80(0.67~0.94) 0.77(0.65~0.90) 0.93(0.76~1.00)1)2) 16.899 <0.001 E/A 0.79(0.68~1.18) 0.84(0.72~1.25) 0.80(0.70~1.17) 5.556 0.062 LVEF(%) 67.00(64.00~70.00) 67.00(63.00~70.00) 67.50(65.00~71.00) 1.160 0.560 注:与Child-Pugh A级比较,1)P<0.05;与Child-Pugh B级比较,2)P<0.05。Child-Pugh分级,蔡尔德-皮尤分级;LA-ap,左心房前后径;LVEDD,左心室舒张末期内径;RA-t,右心房横径;RV-m,右心室中份横径;IVSd,舒张末期室间隔厚度;LVPWd,舒张末期左室后壁厚度;E,二尖瓣口舒张早期时快速充盈峰;A,二尖瓣口舒张晚期时快速充盈峰;LVEF,左心室射血分数。
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