肝脂肪变性对慢性乙型肝炎病毒载量及肝纤维化进展的影响
DOI: 10.12449/JCH260608
Impact of hepatic steatosis on viral load and hepatic fibrosis progression in chronic hepatitis B
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摘要:
目的 通过真实世界研究,探讨肝脂肪变性与慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者病毒复制水平和肝纤维化进展之间的关系,并分析肝纤维化的独立影响因素。 方法 纳入2021年7月—2025年3月就诊于大连医科大学附属第一医院肝病门诊及病房的887例CHB患者为研究对象,根据是否合并代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病(MASLD),将其分为单纯CHB组(n=560)和CHB合并MASLD组(CHB+MASLD组,n=327)。比较CHB患者肝脂肪变性与乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)载量的关系;比较不同程度肝脂肪变性对CHB患者肝纤维化的影响。计量资料2组间比较采用t检验或Mann-Whitney U检验,计数资料2组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher精确检验,相关性与影响因素分析分别采用Spearman相关及Logistic回归分析。 结果 入组患者根据病毒载量接受抗病毒治疗,其中核苷(酸)类似物(NA)联合聚乙二醇干扰素α(PEG-IFN-α)治疗者275例(31%)、NA单药治疗者532例(60%)、未接受抗病毒治疗者80例(9%)。排除44例(5.0%)正在接受PEG-IFN-α治疗且存在血小板明显下降的患者,最终纳入843例患者用于天冬氨酸氨基转移酶与血小板比值指数(APRI)和纤维化-4指数(FIB-4)比较。与单纯CHB组相比,CHB+MASLD组男性比例(χ2=5.917,P<0.05)及受控衰减参数(CAP)(t=21.646,P<0.05)显著升高,入组人群的肝功能中位数处于正常范围,均无显著炎症活动。病毒学分析显示,与单纯CHB组相比,CHB+MASLD组患者的血清前基因组RNA水平(Z=-2.894,P<0.05)、乙型肝炎病毒e抗原(HBeAg)阳性率(χ2=8.725,P<0.05)显著降低,CAP与前基因组RNA(pgRNA)呈显著负相关(r=-0.117,P<0.05)。在HBeAg阴性状态下,CHB+MASLD组乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原水平较CHB组显著下降(Z=-0.765,P<0.05);在HBeAg阳性状态下,CHB+MASLD组HBV DNA水平较单纯CHB组显著上升(Z=-2.509,P<0.05)。肝纤维化分析显示,CHB+MASLD组患者的APRI(Z=-3.418,P<0.05)及FIB-4指数(Z=-6.237,P<0.05)均显著降低。与单纯CHB组相比,CHB+MASLD组S1中无纤维化比例高、肝硬化比例低(χ2=7.935,P<0.05);S2中各期纤维化占比在2组间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);S3中无纤维化比例降低,早期纤维化比例升高(χ2=9.101,P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,CAP升高[比值比(OR)=1.08,95%置信区间(CI):1.03~1.13,P<0.05]、年龄增长(OR=1.02,95%CI:1.01~1.04,P<0.05)、男性(OR=1.77,95%CI:1.19~2.64,P<0.05)、HBV DNA水平上升(OR=1.35,95%CI:1.15~1.57,P<0.001)、AST升高(OR=1.02,95%CI:1.01~1.03,P<0.001)及GGT升高(OR=1.00,95%CI:1.00~1.01,P=0.028)为肝纤维化的独立影响因素,肝脂肪变性S3患者肝纤维化风险较无脂肪变组显著增加(OR=5.05,95%CI:2.48~10.29,P<0.001)。 结论 CHB合并MASLD患者HBV复制水平更低;肝脏脂肪变性与HBV及肝纤维化进展相关,重度脂肪肝可加重CHB患者肝纤维化进展。 -
关键词:
- 乙型肝炎, 慢性 /
- 代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病 /
- 病毒载量 /
- 肝纤维化
Abstract:Objective To investigate the association of hepatic steatosis with the level of viral replication and the progression of hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) through a real-world study, and to determine the independent influencing factors for hepatic fibrosis. Methods A total of 887 CHB patients who attended the outpatient service and inpatient ward of Hepatology in The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from July 2021 to March 2025 were enrolled as subjects, and according to the presence or absence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), they were divided into CHB group with 560 patients and CHB+MASLD group with 327 patients. The association between hepatic steatosis and HBV load in CHB patients was analyzed, as well as the impact of varying degrees of hepatic steatosis on hepatic fibrosis. The t-test or the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between groups; the chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups; a Spearman correlation analysis was performed; a Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate influencing factors. Results The patients enrolled received antiviral therapy according to viral load; of all patients, 275 (31%) received nucleos(t)ide analogue combined with pegylated interferon-α, 532 (60%) received nucleos(t)ide analogue monotherapy, and 80 (9%) did not receive antiviral therapy. A total of 44 patients (5.0%) who were receiving PEG-IFN-α therapy and had marked thrombocytopenia were excluded, and finally 843 patients were included for comparison of aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) and fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4). Compared with the CHB group, the CHB+MASLD group had a significantly higher proportion of male patients (χ2=5.917, P<0.05) and a significant increase in CAP value (t=21.646, P<0.05). The median values of liver function parameters for the population enrolled were within the normal range, and no significant inflammatory activity was observed. The virological analysis showed that compared with the CHB group, the CHB+MASLD group had significantly lower serum level of pregenomic RNA (Z=-2.894, P<0.05) and HBeAg positivity rate (χ2=8.725, P<0.05), and CAP was significantly negatively correlated with pgRNA (r=-0.117, P<0.05). In the HBeAg-negative subgroup, compared with the CHB group, the CHB+MASLD group had a significantly lower level of hepatitis B surface antigen (Z=-0.765, P<0.05); in the HBeAg-positive subgroup, the CHB+MASLD group had a significantly higher level of HBV DNA than the CHB group (Z=-2.509, P<0.05). The analysis of hepatic fibrosis showed that the CHB+MASLD group had significantly lower values of APRI (Z=-3.418, P<0.05) and FIB-4 (Z=-6.237, P<0.05). Compared with the CHB group, the CHB+MASLD S1 group had a significantly higher proportion of patients without fibrosis and a significantly lower proportion patients with liver cirrhosis (χ2=7.935, P<0.05); in the CHB+MASLD S2 group, there was no significant difference in the proportion of patients with different fibrosis stages; the CHB+MASLD S3 group had a significantly lower proportion of patients without fibrosis and a significantly higher proportion of patients with early-stage fibrosis (χ2=9.101, P<0.05). The Logistic regression analysis showed that an increase in CAP (odds ratio [OR]=1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03 — 1.13, P<0.05), an increase in age (OR=1.02, 95%CI: 1.01 — 1.04, P<0.05), male sex (OR=1.77, 95%CI: 1.19 — 2.64, P<0.05), an increase in HBV DNA (OR=1.35, 95%CI: 1.15 — 1.57, P<0.001), an increase in aspartate aminotransferase (OR=1.02, 95%CI: 1.01 — 1.03, P<0.001), and an increase in gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (OR=1.00, 95%CI: 1.00 — 1.01, P=0.028) were independent influencing factors for hepatic fibrosis. The risk of hepatic fibrosis in S3 patients was higher than that in patients without steatosis (OR=5.05, 95%CI: 2.48 — 10.29, P<0.001). Conclusion There is a lower level of HBV replication in CHB patients comorbid with MASLD. Hepatic steatosis is associated with HBV-related virological markers and the progression of hepatic fibrosis, and severe fatty liver disease may promote the progression of hepatic fibrosis in CHB patients. -
表 1 入组患者一般资料、病毒及生化指标比较
Table 1. Comparison of baseline demographics, virological and biochemical parameters between the two groups
指标 CHB+MASLD组(n=327) 单纯CHB组(n=560) 统计值 P值 男性[例(%)] 210(64.2) 313(55.9) χ2=5.917 0.015 年龄(岁) 46.50±10.20 47.92±11.55 t=-1.856 0.320 HBV DNA(log10 IU/mL) 1.00(1.00~2.11) 1.00(1.00~2.06) Z=-0.123 0.902 pgRNA(log10 拷贝/mL) 1.88(1.88~3.05) 2.34(1.88~4.24) Z=-2.894 0.004 HBeAb(S/Co) 0.01(0.00~1.07) 0.06(0.00~1.20) Z=-2.383 0.017 HBsAg(log10 IU/mL) 3.20(2.50~3.66) 3.18(2.43~3.71) Z=-0.333 0.739 HBeAg阳性[例(%)] 72(22.0) 173(30.9) χ2=8.725 0.004 CAP(dB/m) 264.76±41.13 199.65±42.60 t=21.646 <0.001 AST(U/L) 24(20~34) 25(20~34) Z=-0.432 0.666 碱性磷酸酶(U/L) 80.0(67.0~95.0) 80.0(67.0~95.8) Z=-0.143 0.886 ALT(U/L) 30(21~46) 24(16~34) Z=-5.563 <0.001 GGT(U/L) 30(21~47) 23(16~42) Z=-4.921 <0.001 注:HBV,乙型肝炎病毒;CHB,慢性乙型肝炎;MASLD,代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病;pgRNA,前基因组RNA;HBeAb,乙型肝炎病毒e抗体;HBsAg,乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原;HBeAg,乙型肝炎病毒e抗原;CAP,受控衰减参数;AST,天冬氨酸氨基转移酶;ALT,丙氨酸氨基转移酶;GGT,γ-谷氨酰转移酶。
表 2 不同HBeAg状态下患者病毒学指标
Table 2. Virological markers in patients with different HBeAg status
指标 CHB+MASLD组 单纯CHB组 Z值 P值 HBeAg阳性(例) 72 173 HBV DNA(log10 IU/mL) 2.09(1.41~3.83) 1.72(1.00~2.45) -2.509 0.009 pgRNA(log10 拷贝/mL) 4.78(2.83~6.97) 4.81(3.46~7.06) -0.227 0.707 HBsAg(log10 IU/mL) 3.85(3.60~4.17) 3.67(3.31~4.22) -2.000 0.070 HBeAg阴性(例) 255 387 HBV DNA(log10 IU/mL) 1.00(1.00~1.78) 1.00(1.00~1.80) -0.281 0.719 pgRNA(log10 拷贝/mL) 1.88(1.70~2.48) 1.88(1.70~2.93) -0.993 0.323 HBsAg(log10 IU/mL) 2.73(1.77~3.35) 2.90(1.72~3.43) -0.765 0.031 注:HBeAg,乙型肝炎病毒e抗原;CHB,慢性乙型肝炎;MASLD,代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病;HBV,乙型肝炎病毒;pgRNA,前基因组RNA;HBsAg,乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原。
表 3 单纯CHB组与CHB+MASLD组非侵袭性肝纤维化指标比较
Table 3. Comparisonof non-invasive fibrosis markers between CHB group and CHB+MASLD group
指标 CHB+MASLD组 单纯CHB组 统计值 P值 APRI 0.26(0.20~0.43) 0.30(0.21~0.58) Z=-3.418 0.001 FIB-4 1.05(0.72~1.68) 1.36(0.91~2.29) Z=-6.237 <0.001 LSM(kPa) 6.5(5.0~8.5) 5.9(4.9~8.9) Z=-2.189 0.021 肝纤维化占比[例(%)] 71/327(21.7) 135/560(24.1) χ2=0.664 0.415 注:肝纤维化界定值为LSM≥9.4 kPa。APRI和FIB-4的分析基于843例患者数据(CHB+MASLD组312例、单纯CHB组531例);LSM和肝纤维化占比基于全体887例患者数据(CHB+MASLD组327例、单纯CHB组560例)。CHB,慢性乙型肝炎;MASLD,代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病;APRI,天冬氨酸氨基转移酶与血小板比值指数;FIB-4,纤维化-4指数;LSM,肝脏硬度值。
表 4 CHB+MASLD组与单纯CHB组肝纤维化程度比较
Table 4. Comparison of liver fibrosis between the CHB+MASLD group and the CHB group
疾病阶段 例(%) 单纯CHB组 522(100.0) 无肝纤维化 383(73.4) 早期肝纤维化 59(11.3) 进展期肝纤维化 30(5.7) 肝硬化 50(9.6) CHB+MASLD组 S1 139(100.0) 无肝纤维化 115(82.7)1) 早期肝纤维化 14(10.1) 进展期肝纤维化 6(4.3) 肝硬化 4(2.9)2) S2 80(100.0) 无肝纤维化 58(72.5) 早期肝纤维化 11(13.7) 进展期肝纤维化 8(10.0) 肝硬化 3(3.8) S3 70(100.0) 无肝纤维化 42(60.0)1) 早期肝纤维化 16(22.8)3) 进展期肝纤维化 6(8.6) 肝硬化 6(8.6) 注:与单纯CHB组无肝纤维化比较,1)P<0.05;与单纯CHB组肝硬化比较,2)P<0.05;与单纯CHB组早期肝纤维化比较,3)P<0.05。CHB,慢性乙型肝炎;MASLD,代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病。
表 5 肝纤维化二元Logistic回归分析
Table 5. Binary Logistic regression analysis for liver fibrosis
变量 单因素分析 多因素分析 OR 95%CI P值 OR 95%CI P值 CAP(dB/m) 1.04 1.01~1.07 0.014 1.08 1.03~1.13 0.001 脂肪肝分级 S1 vs S0 1.35 0.73~2.48 0.337 S2 vs S0 1.28 0.81~2.05 0.293 S3 vs S0 1.69 1.05~2.71 0.030 5.05 2.48~10.29 <0.001 年龄(岁) 1.03 1.01~1.04 <0.001 1.02 1.01~1.04 0.005 男性 1.69 1.19~2.40 0.003 1.77 1.19~2.64 0.005 脂肪肝合并CHB 0.83 0.59~1.18 0.299 乙型肝炎家族史 0.71 0.51~0.98 0.038 0.95 0.65~1.39 0.781 HBV DNA(log10 IU/mL) 1.24 1.11~1.38 <0.001 1.35 1.15~1.57 <0.001 pgRNA(log10 IU/mL) 1.04 0.95~1.13 0.398 HBsAg(log10 IU/mL) 0.84 0.75~0.95 0.004 0.86 0.73~1.00 0.052 HBeAb(S/Co) 0.88 0.78~1.00 0.042 AST(U/L) 1.01 1.01~1.01 <0.001 1.02 1.01~1.03 <0.001 碱性磷酸酶(U/L) 1.02 1.02~1.03 <0.001 GGT(U/L) 1.01 1.00~1.01 <0.001 1.00 1.00~1.01 0.028 NA vs 未治疗 0.54 0.30~0.96 0.035 0.57 0.31~1.05 0.072 NA联合PEG-IFN-α vs 未治疗 0.79 0.43~1.44 0.446 0.86 0.46~1.63 0.648 注:CAP以10 dB/m为一个增量(即OR对应CAP每升高10 dB/m)。OR,比值比;95%CI,95%置信区间;CAP,受控衰减参数;CHB,慢性乙型肝炎;HBV,乙型肝炎病毒;pgRNA,前基因组RNA;HBsAg,乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原;HBeAg,乙型肝炎病毒e抗原;HBeAb,乙型肝炎病毒e抗体;AST,天冬氨酸氨基转移酶;GGT,γ-谷氨酰转移酶;NA,核苷(酸)类似物;PEG-IFN-α,聚乙二醇干扰素α。
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