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聚乙二醇干扰素α-2b治疗低水平乙型肝炎表面抗原慢性乙型肝炎临床治愈列线图模型的构建

张映媛 木唤 常丽仙 许丹青 王远珍 刘春云 李卫昆 张黄成昊 牟春燕 刘立

引用本文:
Citation:

聚乙二醇干扰素α-2b治疗低水平乙型肝炎表面抗原慢性乙型肝炎临床治愈列线图模型的构建

DOI: 10.12449/JCH260508
基金项目: 

云南省科技厅昆医联合专项-面上项目 (202301AY070001-108);

云南省科技计划项目 (2017FH001-088);

昆明市卫生健康委员会卫生科研课题项目 (2025-03-08-008)

伦理学声明:本研究方案于2024年1月31日经由昆明市第三人民医院伦理委员会审批,批号:KSLL2024013007。
利益冲突声明:本文不存在任何利益冲突。
作者贡献声明:张映媛、牟春燕和刘立负责课题设计;张映媛负责资料分析,撰写论文;木唤、常丽仙、许丹青、刘春云和李卫昆参与收集及分析数据;王远珍负责查找文献;张黄成昊负责统计学指导、修改论文;张映媛、牟春燕和刘立负责拟定写作思路,指导撰写文章并最后定稿。
详细信息
    通信作者:

    张黄成昊, zhanghuangchenghao@163.com (ORCID: 0000-0001-6421-767X)

    牟春燕, 784652835@qq.com (ORCID: 0009-0000-7301-3302)

    刘立, liuli197210@163.com (ORCID: 0000-0001-7712-4931)

Construction of a nomogram model for clinical cure of chronic hepatitis B with a low level of hepatitis B surface antigen treated with pegylated interferon α-2b

Research funding: 

Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology Kunming Medical Joint Special Project-General Project (202301AY070001-108);

Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Planning Project (2017FH001-088);

Kunming Municipal Health Commission Health Research Project (2025-03-08-008)

More Information
  • 摘要:   目的  筛选聚乙二醇干扰素α-2b(PEG-IFN-α-2b)治疗乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)低水平慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者实现HBsAg清除的相关预测因素,构建基于多因素的联合预测模型并绘制列线图,为临床个体化治疗方案制定及疗效预判提供参考依据。  方法  回顾性分析2022年1月—2024年1月于昆明市第三人民医院就诊并接受PEG-IFN-α-2b治疗的HBsAg<1 500 IU/mL的167例CHB患者,根据其是否实现临床治愈将患者分为HBsAg清除组和HBsAg未清除组。收集患者一般资料和治疗中不同时间节点的血清学生化指标、病毒学指标。符合正态分布的计量资料采用独立样本t检验;非正态分布的计量资料采用Mann-Whitney U检验;计数资料比较采用χ2检验。多因素Logistic回归分析独立影响因素。受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析单个指标以及联合预测因子对评估临床治愈的诊断价值,绘制校准曲线,对风险预测模型进行评价。  结果  单因素分析显示,两组患者的年龄(t=-6.839)、核苷(酸)类似物(NA)治疗史1年以上(χ2=59.339)、基因分型(χ2=4.610)、非酒精性脂肪性肝病(χ2=5.319)、治疗前乙型肝炎病毒DNA状态(χ2=60.861)、代偿期肝硬化(χ2=10.960)、治疗前乙型肝炎e抗原(HBeAg)状态(χ2=19.060)、有IFN治疗史(χ2=8.162)、治疗后出现IFN抗体(χ2=12.858)、治疗前HBsAg水平(Z=-7.412)、基线丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)水平(Z=-6.117)、治疗12周ALT水平(Z=-7.171)、治疗24周血小板(PLT)水平(Z=-3.622)、治疗24周促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平(Z=-2.830)比较,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄[比值比(OR)=1.230,P=0.007]、NA治疗史1年以上(OR=0.008,P=0.011)、治疗前HBeAg状态(OR=0.003,P=0.012)、治疗前HBsAg水平(OR=1.005,P=0.014)、基线ALT水平(OR=0.949,P=0.014)、治疗12周ALT水平(OR=0.969,P=0.016)、治疗24周PLT水平(OR=0.969,P=0.022)、治疗24周TSH水平(OR=3.608,P=0.045)是HBsAg<1 500 IU/mL的CHB患者治疗48周实现HBsAg清除的独立影响因素。Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验显示χ2=1.398,P=0.994,提示模型拟合良好。用Bootstrap法对列线图模型进行内部验证,校准曲线与理想曲线拟合良好,校准曲线平均绝对误差为0.029。ROC曲线分析显示,联合预测因子的曲线下面积为0.982(95%CI:0.961~0.999),敏感度为94.10%,特异度为93.10%,提示列线图模型具有较好的区分能力。进一步分析显示,不同特征下HBsAg<1 500 IU/mL的CHB患者治疗48周的HBsAg清除率比较,治疗前HBsAg水平≤67.65 IU/mL时,HBsAg清除率为69.60%;基线ALT水平≥62.50 U/L时,HBsAg清除率为58.30%;治疗12周ALT水平≥92.50 U/L时,HBsAg清除率为68.30%;治疗24周PLT水平≥104×109/L时,HBsAg清除率为42.40%;治疗24周TSH水平≤1.38 μIU/mL时,HBsAg清除率为48.30%,两组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.001)。  结论  年龄、NA治疗史1年以上、治疗前HBeAg状态、治疗前HBsAg水平、基线ALT水平、治疗12周ALT水平、治疗24周PLT水平和治疗24周TSH水平为独立预测因素,所构建的联合预测列线图模型对PEG-IFN-α-2b治疗HBsAg<1 500 IU/mL的CHB患者治疗48周实现临床治愈具有较高的预测价值,可为筛选适合治疗人群和预测临床治愈提供参考。

     

  • 注: CHB,慢性乙型肝炎;NA,核苷(酸)类似物;HBeAg,乙型肝炎e抗原;HBsAg,乙型肝炎表面抗原;PLT,血小板;ALT,丙氨酸氨基转移酶;TSH,促甲状腺激素。

    图  1  HBsAg<1 500 IU/mL的CHB患者治疗48周实现HBsAg清除的动态列线图模型

    Figure  1.  Nomogram model for predicting HBsAg clearance in CHB patients with HBsAg <1 500 IU/mL after 48 weeks of treatment

    注: CHB,慢性乙型肝炎;HBsAg,乙型肝炎表面抗原。

    图  2  列线图模型预测HBsAg<1 500 IU/mL的CHB患者治疗48周实现HBsAg清除的校准曲线

    Figure  2.  Calibration curve of the Nomogram model for predicting HBsAg clearance in CHB patients with HBsAg<1 500 IU/mL after 48 weeks of treatment

    注: CHB,慢性乙型肝炎;NA,核苷(酸)类似物;HBeAg,乙型肝炎e抗原;HBsAg,乙型肝炎表面抗原;PLT,血小板;ALT,丙氨酸氨基转移酶;TSH,促甲状腺激素;ROC曲线,受试者操作特征曲线。

    图  3  单个指标以及联合预测模型预测HBsAg<1 500 IU/mL的CHB患者治疗48周实现HBsAg清除的ROC曲线

    Figure  3.  ROC curves of individual indicators and the combined prediction model for diagnosing HBsAg clearance after 48 weeks of treatment in CHB patients with HBsAg<1 500 IU/mL

    表  1  167例HBsAg<1 500 IU/mL的CHB患者基本临床资料比较

    Table  1.   Comparison of baseline clinical characteristics in 167 CHB patients with HBsAg<1 500 IU/mL

    指标 HBsAg清除组(n=51) HBsAg未清除组(n=116) 统计值 P
    性别[例(%)] χ2=0.327 0.567
    31(60.8) 65(56.0)
    20(39.2) 51(44.0)
    年龄(岁) 28.29±10.01 40.29±10.63 t=-6.839 <0.001
    NA治疗史1年以上[例(%)] χ2=59.339 <0.001
    44(86.3) 26(22.4)
    7(13.7) 90(77.6)
    有IFN治疗史[例(%)] χ2=8.162 0.004
    22(43.1) 25(21.6)
    29(56.9) 91(78.4)
    基因分型[例(%)] χ2=4.610 0.032
    B型 28(54.9) 43(37.1)
    C型 23(45.1) 73(62.9)
    非酒精性脂肪性肝病[例(%)] χ2=5.319 0.021
    17(33.3) 20(17.2)
    34(66.7) 96(82.8)
    直系三代内肝癌家族史[例(%)] χ2=0.151 0.697
    11(21.6) 22(19.0)
    40(78.4) 94(81.0)
    代偿期肝硬化[例(%)] χ2=10.960 0.001
    5(9.8) 40(34.5)
    46(90.2) 76(65.5)
    治疗前HBV DNA状态[例(%)] χ2=60.861 <0.001
    阴性 46(90.2) 29(25.0)
    阳性 5(9.8) 87(75.0)
    治疗前HBeAg状态[例(%)] χ2=19.060 <0.001
    阴性 43(84.3) 56(48.3)
    阳性 8(15.7) 60(51.7)
    治疗前出现IFN抗体[例(%)] χ2=0.658 0.417
    4(7.8) 14(12.1)
    47(92.2) 102(87.9)
    治疗后出现IFN抗体[例(%)] χ2=12.858 <0.001
    5(9.8) 43(37.1)
    46(90.2) 73(62.9)
    治疗前HBsAg水平(IU/mL) 91.18(5.47~62.44) 597.35(149.24~1 206.01) Z=-7.412 <0.001
    基线水平
    WBC(×109/L) 5.32(4.38~6.58) 5.26(4.46~6.25) Z=-0.248 0.804
    NEUT(×109/L) 2.88(1.98~4.51) 2.90(2.05~3.75) Z=-0.182 0.855
    PLT(×109/L) 226.00(174.00~266.00) 215.50(164.25~260.75) Z=-0.787 0.431
    ALT(U/L) 93.00(68.00~145.00) 38.00(23.25~69.50) Z=-6.117 <0.001
    TSH(μIU/mL) 2.72(2.16~3.71) 2.89(2.21~4.77) Z=-1.058 0.290
    治疗12周水平
    WBC(×109/L) 3.12(2.45~4.07) 3.25(3.65~4.16) Z=-1.437 0.151
    NEUT(×109/L) 1.32(1.04~1.63) 1.34(0.99~1.85) Z=-0.224 0.823
    PLT(×109/L) 125.00(100.00~175.00) 145.00(105.75~195.25) Z=-1.712 0.087
    ALT(U/L) 141.00(120.00~156.00) 54.00(42.70~85.00) Z=-7.171 <0.001
    TSH(μIU/mL) 2.65(1.46~4.15) 2.54(1.61~4.16) Z=-0.127 0.899
    下载: 导出CSV

    Table  1.   (continued)

    指标 HBsAg清除组(n=51) HBsAg未清除组(n=116) 统计值 P
    治疗24周水平
    WBC(×109/L) 2.65(2.47~3.55) 3.15(3.59~3.98) Z=-1.189 0.235
    NEUT(×109/L) 0.99(0.84~1.14) 1.04(0.88~1.46) Z=-1.747 0.081
    PLT(×109/L) 135.00(115.00~156.00) 100.00(85.00~152.00) Z=-3.622 <0.001
    ALT(U/L) 89.00(74.00~103.00) 85.00(60.00~125.00) Z=-0.108 0.914
    TSH(μIU/mL) 1.25(0.84~2.43) 1.97(1.28~2.97) Z=-2.830 0.005

    注:CHB,慢性乙型肝炎;NA,核苷(酸)类似物;HBV,乙型肝炎病毒;HBeAg,乙型肝炎e抗原;IFN,干扰素;HBsAg,乙型肝炎表面抗原;WBC,白细胞;NEUT,中性粒细胞;PLT,血小板;ALT,丙氨酸氨基转移酶;TSH,促甲状腺激素。

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  HBsAg<1 500 IU/mL的CHB患者治疗48周实现HBsAg清除的多因素Logistic回归分析

    Table  2.   Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of HBsAg clearance in CHB patients with HBsAg<1 500 IU/mL after 48 weeks of treatment

    指标 β SE Wald OR 95%CI P
    年龄 0.207 0.077 7.264 1.230 1.058~1.430 0.007
    NA治疗史1年以上 -4.858 1.917 6.423 0.008 0.001~0.332 0.011
    有IFN治疗史 -0.878 1.075 0.667 0.415 0.051~3.418 0.414
    基因分型 -1.703 1.409 1.460 0.182 0.012~2.883 0.227
    非酒精性脂肪性肝病 0.674 1.114 0.366 1.963 0.221~17.436 0.545
    代偿期肝硬化 1.680 1.533 1.202 5.367 0.226~108.206 0.273
    治疗前HBV DNA状态 -1.978 1.265 2.444 0.138 0.012~1.651 0.118
    治疗前HBeAg状态 -5.802 2.299 6.372 0.003 0.001~0.273 0.012
    治疗后出现IFN抗体 -2.359 1.647 6.008 0.095 0.004~2.384 0.152
    治疗前HBsAg水平 0.005 0.002 6.008 1.005 1.001~1.010 0.014
    治疗24周PLT水平 -0.031 0.014 5.258 0.969 0.944~0.995 0.022
    基线ALT水平 -0.052 0.021 6.058 0.949 0.910~0.989 0.014
    治疗12周ALT水平 -0.031 0.013 5.785 0.969 0.945~0.994 0.016
    治疗24周TSH水平 1.283 0.641 4.006 3.608 1.027~12.673 0.045

    注:CHB,慢性乙型肝炎;NA,核苷(酸)类似物;HBV,乙型肝炎病毒;HBeAg,乙型肝炎e抗原;IFN,干扰素;HBsAg,乙型肝炎表面抗原;PLT,血小板;ALT,丙氨酸氨基转移酶;TSH,促甲状腺激素;OR,比值比;CI,置信区间。

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  单个指标以及联合预测模型的诊断价值比较

    Table  3.   Comparison of diagnostic value between individual indicators and combined predictive model

    指标 AUC 截断值 约登指数 敏感度(%) 特异度(%) 95%CI Z P
    年龄 0.801 34岁 0.583 82.40 75.90 0.722~0.880 -4.631 <0.001
    NA治疗史1年以上 0.819 0.639 86.30 77.60 0.758~0.880 -5.745 <0.001
    治疗前HBeAg状态 0.680 0.360 84.30 51.70 0.612~0.748 -8.648 <0.001
    治疗前HBsAg水平 0.861 67.65 IU/mL 0.627 76.50 86.20 0.795~0.927 -3.771 0.001
    基线ALT水平 0.797 62.50 U/L 0.565 82.40 74.10 0.721~0.874 -4.972 <0.001
    治疗12周ALT水平 0.849 92.50 U/L 0.671 84.30 82.80 0.774~0.923 -3.918 <0.001
    治疗24周PLT水平 0.676 103.50×109/L 0.386 84.30 54.30 0.594~0.758 -7.168 <0.001
    治疗24周TSH水平 0.638 1.38 μIU/mL 0.302 56.90 73.30 0.545~0.731 -7.131 <0.001
    联合预测因子 0.982 0.872 94.10 93.10 0.961~0.999

    注:NA,核苷(酸)类似物;HBeAg,乙型肝炎e抗原;HBsAg,乙型肝炎表面抗原;PLT,血小板;ALT,丙氨酸氨基转移酶;TSH,促甲状腺激素;AUC,受试者操作特征曲线下面积;CI,置信区间。

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  不同特征下CHB患者治疗48周后HBsAg清除率的比较

    Table  4.   Comparison of HBsAg clearance rates in CHB patients after 48 weeks of treatment under different characteristics

    指标 例数 HBsAg清除组 HBsAg未清除组 χ2 P
    治疗前HBsAg水平[例(%)] 60.733 <0.001
    ≤67.65 IU/mL 56 39(69.60) 17(30.40)
    >67.65 IU/mL 111 12(10.80) 99(89.20)
    基线ALT水平[例(%)] 46.094 <0.001
    ≥62.50 U/L 72 42(58.30) 30(41.70)
    <62.50 U/L 95 9(9.50) 86(90.50)
    治疗12周ALT水平[例(%)] 67.836 <0.001
    ≥92.50 U/L 63 43(68.30) 20(31.70)
    <92.50 U/L 104 8(7.70) 96(92.30)
    治疗24周PLT水平[例(%)] 13.566 <0.001
    ≥104×109/L 92 39(42.40) 53(57.60)
    <104×109/L 75 12(16.00) 63(84.00)
    治疗24周TSH水平[例(%)] 13.978 <0.001
    ≤1.38 μIU/mL 60 29(48.30) 31(51.70)
    >1.38 μIU/mL 107 22(20.60) 85(79.40)

    注:CHB,慢性乙型肝炎;HBsAg,乙型肝炎表面抗原;ALT,丙氨酸氨基转移酶;PLT,血小板;TSH,促甲状腺激素。

    下载: 导出CSV
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