不可切除肝细胞癌患者应用钇-90选择性体内放射疗法的效果分析
DOI: 10.12449/JCH260415
Efficacy of yttrium-90 selective internal radiotherapy in treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
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摘要:
目的 评估不可切除肝细胞癌患者接受选择性体内放射疗法(SIRT)的疗效,为临床治疗方案选择提供参考。 方法 回顾性分析2023年5月1日—2024年9月1日在上海东方肝胆外科医院接受钇-90微球SIRT的73例不可切除肝细胞癌患者的临床资料。基于患者的肿瘤特征、体能状态、肝脏储备功能和实验室检查等结果,将SIRT治疗策略分为放射性切除组(n=9)、转化治疗组(n=47)和姑息治疗组(n=17)。根据术后随访结果,使用实体瘤局部反应评价标准对放射影像进行回顾和评价。符合正态分布的计量资料3组间比较采用单因素方差分析;计数资料3组间比较采用χ2检验,多因素分析采用Logistic回归模型。 结果 放射性切除组、转化治疗组和姑息治疗组的术后疗效差异有统计学意义(χ2=30.060,P<0.001);3组的疾病控制率分别为100.0%(9/9)、83.0%(39/47)和29.4%(5/17),组间差异有统计学意义(χ2=19.575,P<0.001);3组患者的客观缓解率差异亦有统计学意义(χ2=17.749,P<0.001)。多因素Logistic回归分析提示,肿瘤个数(比值比=0.085,95%置信区间:0.008~0.906,P=0.041)和联合靶向免疫治疗(比值比=18.808,95%置信区间:1.704~207.616,P=0.017)是肿瘤获得完全缓解的独立影响因素。 结论 肿瘤个数是影响SIRT疗效的独立危险因素,是不同治疗目标选择的重要依据, SIRT联合靶向免疫治疗可能取得更优疗效。 -
关键词:
- 肝细胞癌 /
- 钇-90选择性体内放射疗法 /
- 治疗结果
Abstract:Objective To investigate the efficacy of selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma, and to provide a reference for the selection of clinical treatment regimens. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 73 patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma who received yttrium-90 microsphere SIRT in Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital from May 1, 2023 to September 1, 2024. According to tumor characteristics, physical status, liver reserve function, laboratory tests, and SIRT treatment strategy, the patients were divided into radiation segmentectomy group with 9 patients, conversion therapy group with 47 patients, and palliative treatment group with 17 patients. Based on the results of postoperative follow-up, modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors were used to assess radiographic images. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between three groups, and the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between three groups; the Logistic regression model was used to perform the multivariate analysis. Results There was a significant difference in postoperative outcome between the radiation segmentectomy group, the conversion therapy group, and the palliative treatment group (χ2 =30.060, P<0.001). The disease control rate was 100.0% (9/9) in the radiation segmentectomy group, 83.0% (39/47) in the conversion therapy group, and 29.4% (5/17) in the palliative treatment group, with a significant difference between the three groups (χ2 =19.575, P<0.001), and there was also a significant difference in objective response rate between the three groups (χ2 =17.749, P<0.001). The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the number of tumors (odds ratio [OR]=0.085, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.008 — 0.906, P=0.041) and combined targeted immunotherapy (OR=18.808, 95%CI: 1.704 — 207.616, P=0.017) were independent influencing factors for achieving complete response. Conclusion The number of tumors is an independent influencing factor for the efficacy of SIRT and is an important basis for selecting different treatment goals. SIRT combined with targeted immunotherapy may achieve better efficacy. -
注: a,术前MRI,肝右叶占位,大小约5.6 cm×4.8 cm,患者年龄75岁,合并基础疾病不能耐受手术,诊疗目的为放射性肝段切除;b,术前三维成,计算肿瘤体积,肿瘤供血血管分布;c,血管造影/CBCT检查,评估肿瘤供血程度、选择治疗靶区和供血血管,靶血管注入锝-99m标记的大颗粒聚合白蛋白;d,评估正常肝/肿瘤灌注体积(箭头所示高亮区为锝-99m覆盖区);e,SPECT-CT扫描,评估肝外和肺分流比例;f,术后1个月MRI评估,肿瘤明显缩小,完全缓解。MRI,磁共振成像;CBCT,锥形束计算机体层成像;SPECT-CT,单光子发射计算机体层成像。
图 1 放射性肝段切除病例
Figure 1. Case of radiation segmentectomy
注: a,术前MRI,肝右叶近膈顶处肿瘤,大小约8.8 cm×7.3 cm,门静脉右前支受侵,病灶周围肝实质异常血流灌注,诊疗目的为转化治疗;b,术前三维成像,计算肿瘤体积,肿瘤供血血管分布;c,血管造影/CBCT检查,靶血管注入锝-99m标记的大颗粒聚合白蛋白;d,评估正常肝/肿瘤灌注体积;e,SPECT-CT扫描,评估肝外和肺分流比例;f,术后1月MRI评估,肿瘤明显缩小,成功转化并于3个月后手术切除。MRI,磁共振成像;CBCT,锥形束计算机体层成像;SPECT-CT,单光子发射计算机体层成像。
图 2 转化治疗病例
Figure 2. Case of transformation therapy
注: a,术前MRI,肝右叶巨块型肿瘤,伴有门静脉、肝静脉和下腔静脉肝段癌栓,难以转化,行SIRT减少肿瘤负荷,诊疗目的为姑息治疗;b,术前三维成像,计算肿瘤体积,肿瘤供血血管分布;c,血管造影/CBCT检查,靶血管注入锝-99m标记的大颗粒聚合白蛋白;d,评估正常肝/肿瘤灌注体积;e,SPECT-CT扫描,评估肝外和肺分流比例;f,术后1个月MRI评估,肿瘤活性区域明显缩小。MRI,磁共振成像;SIRT,选择性内放射治疗;CBCT,锥形束计算机体层成像;SPECT-CT,单光子发射计算机体层成像。
图 3 姑息治疗病例
Figure 3. Case of palliative treatment
表 1 3组患者临床资料的基线特征
Table 1. Baseline characteristics of clinical data of the three groups of patients
指标 放射性切除组(n=9) 转化治疗组(n=47) 姑息治疗组(n=17) 统计值 P值 年龄(岁) 66.8±12.1 57.0±13.9 57.7±14.7 F=1.911 0.156 性别[例(%)] χ2=3.483 0.146 男 7(77.8) 45(95.7) 16(94.1) 女 2(22.2) 2(4.3) 1(5.9) 乙型肝炎[例(%)] χ2=2.446 0.303 有 6(66.7) 33(70.2) 15(88.2) 无 3(33.3) 14(29.8) 2(11.8) Child-Pugh评分[例(%)] χ2=1.042 0.459 A 9(100.0) 40(85.1) 15(88.2) B 0(0.0) 7(14.9) 2(11.8) 肿瘤最大直径(cm) 5.4±1.6 10.0±3.9 8.8±3.8 F=6.105 <0.010 肿瘤大小[例(%)] χ2=6.747 0.021 <5 cm 4(44.4) 4(8.5) 3(17.6) ≥5 cm 5(55.6) 43(91.5) 14(82.4) 肿瘤个数[例(%)] χ2=8.923 0.012 单发 9(100.0) 30(63.8) 7(41.2) 多发 0(0.0) 17(36.2) 10(58.8) 甲胎蛋白[例(%)] χ2=1.414 0.449 <400 ng/mL 8(88.9) 32(68.1) 12(70.6) ≥400 ng/mL 1(11.1) 15(31.9) 5(29.4) 异常凝血酶原[例(%)] χ2=4.133 0.143 <40 mAU/mL 3(33.3) 13(27.7) 1(5.9) ≥40 mAU/mL 6(66.7) 34(72.3) 16(94.1) 门静脉癌栓[例(%)] χ2=4.607 0.090 有 2(22.2) 25(53.2) 12(70.6) 无 7(77.8) 22(46.8) 5(29.4) 靶向免疫治疗[例(%)] χ2=3.225 0.213 有 5(55.6) 31(66.0) 7(41.2) 无 4(44.4) 16(34.0) 10(58.8) 术前手术治疗[例(%)] χ2=8.245 0.014 有 2(22.2) 3(6.4) 6(35.3) 无 7(77.8) 44(93.6) 11(64.7) 术前TACE治疗[例(%)] χ2=6.276 0.028 有 1(11.1) 8(17.0) 8(47.1) 无 8(88.9) 39(83.0) 9(52.9) 钇-90剂量[例(%)] χ2=0.970 0.578 <3.0 Gbq 7(77.8) 29(61.7) 12(70.6) ≥3.0 Gbq 2(22.2) 18(38.3) 5(29.4) 肺分流[例(%)] χ2=0.642 0.702 <20% 7(77.8) 34(72.3) 14(82.4) ≥20% 2(22.2) 13(27.7) 3(17.6) 治疗后手术切除[例(%)] χ2=7.984 0.014 是 4(44.4) 8(17.0) 0(0.0) 否 5(55.6) 39(83.0) 17(100.0) 注:TACE,经导管动脉化疗栓塞术。
表 2 3组患者SIRT的疗效评估
Table 2. Efficacy evaluation of SIRT in three groups of patients
疗效 放射性切除组(n=9) 转化治疗组(n=47) 姑息治疗组(n=17) χ2值 P值 术后疗效[例(%)] 30.060 <0.001 CR 6(66.7) 6(12.8) 0(0.0) PR 2(22.2) 11(23.4) 1(5.9) SD 1(11.1) 22(46.8) 4(23.5) PD 0(0.0) 8(17.0) 12(70.6) ORR[例(%)] 17.749 <0.001 CR+PR 8(88.9) 17(36.2) 1(5.9) SD+PD 1(11.1) 30(63.8) 16(94.1) DCR[例(%)] 19.575 <0.001 CR+PR+SD 9(100.0) 39(83.0) 5(29.4) PD 0(0.0) 8(17.0) 12(70.6) 注:SIRT,选择性内放射治疗;CR,完全缓解;PR,部分缓解;SD,疾病稳定;PD,疾病进展;ORR,客观缓解率;DCR,疾病控制率。
表 3 不可切除HCC患者接受SIRT治疗后完全缓解影响因素的Logistic回归分析
Table 3. Logistic regression analysis of predictors for complete response following SIRT in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
自变量 β值 SE Wald OR(95%CI) P值 肿瘤大小 -0.526 1.230 0.183 0.591(0.053~6.581) 0.669 门静脉癌栓 -1.077 0.793 1.843 0.341(0.072~1.613) 0.175 肿瘤个数 -2.465 1.208 4.167 0.085(0.008~0.906) 0.041 术前手术治疗 0.329 1.433 0.053 1.389(0.084~23.031) 0.818 术前TACE治疗 -1.465 1.347 1.183 0.231(0.016~3.239) 0.277 是否联合靶向免疫治疗 2.934 1.225 5.736 18.808(1.704~207.616) 0.017 注:HCC,肝细胞癌;SIRT,选择性内放射治疗;TACE,经导管动脉化疗栓塞术;OR,比值比;CI,置信区间。自变量赋值方式如下,肿瘤大小:<5 cm =0,≥5 cm=1;门静脉癌栓:无=0,有=1;肿瘤个数:单发=0,多发=1;术前手术治疗:无=0,有=1;术前TACE治疗:无=0,有=1;联合靶向免疫治疗:无=0,有=1。
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