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门静脉-肝窦血管性疾病患者肌肉改变的临床特征及危险因素分析

李睿佳 龚宇翔 张誉 李莎莎 杨永峰

引用本文:
Citation:

门静脉-肝窦血管性疾病患者肌肉改变的临床特征及危险因素分析

DOI: 10.12449/JCH260319
基金项目: 

江苏省卫生厅科研基金 (ZD2021061)

利益冲突声明:本文不存在任何利益冲突。
作者贡献声明:李睿佳负责设计论文框架,收集数据,统计学分析,撰写文章;龚宇翔、张誉、李莎莎负责资料数据收集和整理;杨永峰负责研究指导,论文审阅及经费支持。
详细信息
    通信作者:

    杨永峰, yyf1997@163.com (ORCID: 0000-0002-0942-4833)

Clinical features of muscle changes and related risk factors in patients with porto-sinusoidal vascular disorder

Research funding: 

Jiangsu Provincial Department of Health Research Fund (ZD2021061)

More Information
    Corresponding author: YANG Yongfeng, yyf1997@163.com (ORCID: 0000-0002-0942-4833)
  • 摘要:   目的  研究门静脉-肝窦血管性疾病(PSVD)患者中肌肉改变(包括肌少症和肌脂肪变性)的患病情况,并探究相关影响因素,为PSVD患者肌肉改变的早期识别、预防和干预提供理论依据。  方法  连续纳入2017年7月—2024年7月在南京市第二医院确诊的132例PSVD患者为病例组,选取医院2025年职工体检健康人群为健康对照组,按年龄、性别1∶1行倾向评分匹配。根据腹部计算机体层成像(CT)评估肌肉状态分为无肌肉改变、轻度肌肉改变(单纯肌脂肪变性)及重度肌肉改变(单纯肌少症或肌少症合并肌脂肪变性),以肌肉改变类型及严重程度为处理因素。收集病例组一般资料、实验室检查、第三腰椎(L3)水平CT影像及肝穿刺病理资料,健康对照组收集一般资料与CT影像;在L3水平测量骨骼肌指数诊断肌少症(男<44.77 cm2/m2,女<32.50 cm2/m2),以平均肌肉衰减值结合体重指数(BMI)阈值定义肌脂肪变性(BMI<24.9 kg/m2且平均衰减值<41 HU或BMI≥25 kg/m2且平均衰减值<33 HU)。比较病例组与健康对照组及不同肌肉改变分组间人口学、实验室与临床指标差异。符合正态分布计量资料两组间比较采用成组t检验,非正态分布的计量资料两组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验;计数资料两组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher精确检验;采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析PSVD合并肌少症的相关因素。  结果  132例PSVD患者中有门静脉高压83例,无门静脉高压49例,2组年龄、白蛋白、白球比、白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、红细胞计数、血小板计数、直接胆红素、间接胆红素、血红蛋白、血钙、胆碱酯酶、总胆汁酸、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、凝血酶原时间、国际标准化比值、活化部分凝血活酶时间,以及失代偿、胃食管或异位静脉曲张、出血和腹水发生率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。匹配后分析显示,PSVD患者(n=132)肌肉结构异常(43.18% vs 18.94%)与轻度(22.73% vs 7.58%)、重度(20.45% vs 11.36%)肌肉改变的患病率均高于健康对照组(n=132)(P值均<0.001)。进一步比较发现,PSVD有无门静脉高压患者合并肌肉变化的比例差异无统计学意义(42.17% vs 44.90%,P=0.760)。以有无肌肉改变为因变量的二分类Logistic回归多因素分析显示,年龄[比值比(OR)=1.05,95%置信区间(CI):1.02~1.09]、皮下脂肪指数(OR=1.03,95%CI:1.01~1.06)、血红蛋白(OR=0.97,95%CI:0.95~0.99)、凝血酶时间(OR=1.26,95%CI:1.06~1.49)为PSVD患者肌肉改变的独立影响因素(P值均<0.05);以肌肉改变严重程度为因变量的有序Logistic回归多因素模型显示,年龄(OR=1.04,95%CI:1.01~1.07)、凝血酶时间(OR=1.17,95%CI:1.01~1.36)为肌肉改变类型分级的独立危险因素(P值均<0.05)。  结论  PSVD患者合并肌肉改变较为常见;肌肉变化可能为PSVD本身所致而非继发于门静脉高压,年龄、脂肪分布、凝血酶时间和血红蛋白为肌肉变化的重要影响因素。

     

  • 表  1  入组患者基线特征分析结果

    Table  1.   Results of baseline characteristics analysis of patients enrolled in the study

    指标 总计(n=132) PH组(n=83) 无PH组(n=49) 统计值 P
    年龄(岁) 44.34±13.17 46.20±13.62 41.18±11.83 t=2.15 0.034
    男[例(%)] 80(60.61) 52(62.65) 28(57.14) χ2=0.39 0.532
    BMI(kg/m2 22.37±2.88 22.37±3.02 22.37±2.67 t=0.00 0.996
    白蛋白(g/L) 41.54±5.50 40.05±5.91 44.07±3.57 t=-4.87 <0.001
    白球比 1.67±0.34 1.58±0.35 1.81±0.26 t=-3.85 <0.001
    白细胞计数(×109/L) 4.54(3.08~5.48) 3.67(2.62~5.11) 5.13(4.28~6.24) Z=-3.88 <0.001
    中性粒细胞计数(×109/L) 2.48(1.63~3.46) 2.14(1.39~3.23) 3.02(2.00~3.55) Z=-2.61 0.009
    红细胞计数(×1012/L) 4.42(3.85~4.75) 4.25(3.56~4.60) 4.58(4.09~5.05) Z=-3.58 <0.001
    血小板计数(×109/L) 146.50(79.00~194.50) 87.00(59.00~144.50) 187.00(168.00~214.00) Z=-6.32 <0.001
    直接胆红素(μmol/L) 5.20(3.68~7.12) 5.50(4.50~8.95) 4.40(3.00~5.80) Z=-3.36 <0.001
    间接胆红素(μmol/L) 8.80(6.07~13.10) 9.50(6.65~13.85) 7.50(5.80~10.40) Z=-2.22 0.027
    血红蛋白(g/L) 128.50(113.75~144.25) 126.00(109.50~142.00) 136.00(124.00~151.00) Z=-2.42 0.016
    血钙(mmol/L) 2.22(2.12~2.31) 2.20(2.10~2.29) 2.30(2.17~2.37) Z=-3.18 0.001
    血钠(mmol/L) 141.00(139.70~142.00) 141.00(139.85~142.00) 140.80(139.70~142.10) Z=-0.49 0.627
    丙氨酸氨基转移酶(U/L) 29.10(17.60~51.52) 28.10(16.00~50.85) 34.10(21.00~53.60) Z=-1.20 0.229
    天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(U/L) 27.45(19.33~40.23) 28.50(20.10~44.55) 26.20(18.50~34.10) Z=-1.42 0.157
    胆碱酯酶(U/L) 6 781.00
    (5 130.00~8 183.75)
    6 117.00
    (4 417.50~7 347.50)
    7 925.00
    (6 965.00~9 050.00)
    Z=-4.96 <0.001
    γ-谷氨酰转移酶(U/L) 45.50(20.00~86.83) 40.70(20.10~65.15) 55.10(20.00~105.00) Z=-1.27 0.205
    碱性磷酸酶(U/L) 82.20(66.73~120.00) 84.00(66.55~120.00) 81.40(68.00~121.00) Z=-0.02 0.983
    总胆汁酸(μmol/L) 9.25(4.45~21.57) 12.30(5.95~28.20) 5.60(3.30~9.80) Z=-3.50 <0.001
    肌酐(μmol/L) 64.00(55.00~75.80) 64.00(55.50~74.90) 65.00(55.00~75.80) Z=-0.08 0.940
    甘油三酯(mmol/L) 1.10(0.73~1.27) 0.93(0.65~1.20) 1.20(0.90~1.43) Z=-3.00 0.003
    总胆固醇(mmol/L) 4.12±0.85 3.88±0.83 4.52±0.74 t=-4.41 <0.001
    凝血酶原时间(s) 11.82(10.88~13.00) 12.50(11.35~13.75) 11.10(10.50~11.80) Z=-5.42 <0.001
    国际标准化比值 1.06(0.97~1.16) 1.10(1.04~1.20) 0.97(0.94~1.04) Z=-6.27 <0.001
    活化部分凝血活酶时间(s) 28.75(26.05~31.00) 29.60(26.65~32.30) 27.10(25.50~29.60) Z=-3.31 <0.001
    纤维蛋白原(g/L) 2.20(1.88~2.80) 2.13(1.83~2.82) 2.34(2.01~2.77) Z=-1.08 0.281
    凝血酶时间(s) 17.40(15.90~18.30) 17.20(15.65~18.20) 17.60(16.40~18.30) Z=-0.71 0.477
    失代偿[例(%)] 23(17.42) 23(27.71) 0(0.00) χ2=16.44 <0.001
    胃食管或异位静脉曲张[例(%)] 56(42.42) 55(66.27) 1(2.04) χ2=52.03 <0.001
    出血[例(%)] 10(7.58) 10(12.05) 0(0.00) χ2=4.78 0.029
    腹水[例(%)] 23(17.42) 21(25.30) 2(4.08) χ2=9.64 0.002

    注:BMI,体重指数;PH,门静脉高压。

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  健康对照组与PSVD组肌肉改变类型的分布比较

    Table  2.   Comparison of the distribution of muscle change types between the healthy control group and the PSVD group

    指标 总计(n=264) 健康对照组(n=132) PSVD组(n=132) 统计值 P
    肌肉改变[例(%)] 82(31.06) 25(18.94) 57(43.18) χ2=18.11 <0.001
    肌肉改变类型[例(%)] χ2=19.05 <0.001
    轻度 40(15.15) 10(7.58) 30(22.73)
    重度 42(15.91) 15(11.36) 27(20.45)
    肌少症/肌脂肪变性分型[例(%)] χ2=19.48 <0.001
    合并肌少症与肌脂肪变性 11(4.17) 3(2.27) 8(6.06)
    单纯肌少症 31(11.74) 12(9.09) 19(14.39)
    单纯肌脂肪变性 40(15.15) 10(7.58) 30(22.73)
    L3-SMI(cm2/m2
    51.16±7.48 53.12±7.27 49.35±7.24 t=3.22 0.002
    39.29±5.45 38.94±5.67 39.68±5.21 t=-0.71 0.478

    注:PSVD,门静脉-肝窦血管性疾病;L3-SMI,第三腰椎水平骨骼肌指数。

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  PSVD患者肌肉改变及体成分指标的组间比较

    Table  3.   Intergroup comparison of muscle changes and body composition indicators in PSVD patients

    指标 总计(n=132) PH组(n=83) 无PH组(n=49) 统计值 P
    肌肉变化[例(%)] 57(43.18) 35(42.17) 22(44.90) χ2=0.09 0.760
    肌肉改变类型[例(%)] χ2=0.15 0.929
    轻度 30(22.73) 18(21.69) 12(24.49)
    重度 27(20.45) 17(20.48) 10(20.41)
    L3-SMI(cm2/m2 45.54±8.04 45.80±7.60 45.09±8.81 t=0.49 0.627
    SFI(cm2/m2 37.77±17.75 36.15±19.70 40.52±13.57 t=-1.50 0.135
    VAI(cm2/m2 25.79±18.34 25.82±20.28 25.76±14.67 t=0.02 0.987
    SMR(HU) 42.96±7.98 42.44±8.59 43.85±6.81 t=-0.98 0.328

    注:PSVD,门静脉-肝窦血管性疾病;PH,门静脉高压;L3-SMI,第三腰椎水平骨骼肌指数;SFI,皮下脂肪指数;VAI,内脏脂肪指数;SMR,骨骼肌密度。

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  肌肉改变相关影响因素的 Logistic 回归分析

    Table  4.   Logistic regression analysis of influencing factors related to muscle changes

    变量 单因素 多因素
    β SE Z P OR(95%CI β SE Z P OR(95%CI
    有无肌肉改变
    年龄(岁) 0.05 0.02 3.49 <0.001 1.06(1.02~1.09) 0.05 0.02 3.18 0.001 1.05(1.02~1.09)
    SFI(cm2/m2 0.03 0.01 2.52 0.012 1.03(1.01~1.05) 0.03 0.01 2.49 0.015 1.03(1.01~1.06)
    红细胞计数(×1012/L) -0.30 0.23 -1.30 0.194 0.74(0.47~1.16) 0.63 0.42 1.51 0.130 1.89(0.83~4.29)
    血红蛋白(g/L) -0.02 0.01 -2.06 0.040 0.98(0.97~0.99) -0.03 0.01 -2.20 0.028 0.97(0.95~0.99)
    凝血酶时间(s) 0.14 0.07 1.85 0.064 1.15(0.99~1.33) 0.23 0.09 2.70 0.007 1.26(1.06~1.49)
    肌肉改变类型
    年龄(岁) 0.04 0.01 3.01 0.003 1.04(1.01~1.07) 0.04 0.01 2.52 0.012 1.04(1.01~1.07)
    血红蛋白(g/L) -0.01 0.01 -1.51 0.131 0.99(0.98~1.00) -0.01 0.01 -1.21 0.227 0.99(0.98~1.01)
    白球比 -0.83 0.53 -1.57 0.118 0.44(0.16~1.23) -0.32 0.56 -0.58 0.562 0.72(0.24~2.16)
    凝血酶时间(s) 0.14 0.07 1.91 0.057 1.15(1.00~1.32) 0.16 0.08 2.13 0.033 1.17(1.01~1.36)

    注:SFI,皮下脂肪指数;SE,标准误;OR,比值比;95%CI,95%置信区间。

    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2025-09-18
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