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树突状细胞在自身免疫性肝病和自身免疫性胰腺炎中的作用
DOI: 10.12449/JCH250928
利益冲突声明：本文不存在任何利益冲突。
作者贡献声明：席文丰负责文献检索，撰写文章；柏小寅负责设计论文框架和修改论文；杨爱明负责拟定写作思路，指导撰写文章并最后定稿。
The role of dendritic cells in autoimmune liver diseases and autoimmune pancreatitis
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摘要: 树突状细胞（DC）作为免疫系统的关键调控细胞，在自身免疫性疾病的发病机制中发挥着重要作用。本文综述了DC在自身免疫性肝病（包括自身免疫性肝炎、原发性胆汁性胆管炎、原发性硬化性胆管炎）和自身免疫性胰腺炎中的作用机制与研究进展；通过总结DC在上述疾病中的功能及异质性，揭示其在免疫耐受失衡和慢性炎症中的关键作用。相关研究成果为深入解析DC在自身免疫性肝病和自身免疫性胰腺炎中的作用提供了重要依据，并为精准治疗策略的研发奠定了基础。Abstract: Dendritic cells （DCs）， as key regulatory cells in the immune system， play a significant role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. This article reviews the mechanism of action of DCs and related research advances in autoimmune liver diseases （including autoimmune hepatitis， primary biliary cholangitis， and primary sclerosing cholangitis） and autoimmune pancreatitis. By summarizing the functions and heterogeneity of DCs in these diseases， this article reveals the crucial role of DCs in the imbalance of immune tolerance and chronic inflammation. Related research findings provide an important basis for a deep understanding of the role of DCs in autoimmune liver diseases and autoimmune pancreatitis and lay a foundation for the development of precise treatment strategies.
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Key words:
- Autoimmune Diseases /
- Dendritic Cells /
- Immune Tolerance
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图 1 DC在AILD和AIP中的主要致病机制
Figure 1. The main pathogenic mechanisms of dendritic cells in AILDs and AIP
表 1 不同类型的DC的特点与功能
Table 1. Characteristics and functions of different dendritic cell subtypes
特点与功能 cDC pDC MoDC 来源 髓系细胞系 髓系细胞系，发育路径不同于cDC 外周血单核细胞为炎症条件下分
化而来分布部位 外周组织（如皮肤、黏膜），淋
巴结，脾脏外周血、淋巴结、脾脏 外周血、炎症部位 主要功能 抗原摄取、加工和呈递，激活初始
T细胞大量分泌Ⅰ型IFN（IFN-α/β）、抗
病毒免疫参与炎症反应 表面标志物 CD11c、CD141、XCR1、CD1c、
CD172aCD123、CD303、CD304 CD14、CD1a/CD1c 免疫应答中的作用 在免疫启动阶段发挥关键作用，
连接先天免疫和适应性免疫在抗病毒免疫中快速响应，通过
产生IFN抑制病毒复制，调节免疫
细胞的活性在炎症反应中参与免疫细胞的募
集和激活，调节局部免疫微环境注：XCR1，X C motif趋化因子受体。
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表 2 不同类型的DC在AILD和AIP中的表型与功能
Table 2. Phenotypes and functions of dendritic cell subtypes in AILD and AIP
疾病 DC亚类 表型特征 功能与分子机制 AIH cDC 自噬活性增强，MHC-Ⅱ、CD80、CD86表达上调 自噬相关基因表达异常（LC3-Ⅱ升高、p62降低），抗原呈递能力
增强，促炎因子（IL-12、IFN-γ）分泌增加MoDC lncRNA、circRNA表达谱改变 调控DC的免疫功能和炎症反应影响疾病进展 PBC cDC1 集中在门静脉区域，可能通过呈递线粒体抗原激活CD8+T细胞 PSC cDC2 分泌IL-1β、CXCL2和CCL2等因子，上调与炎症、
抗原呈递和模式识别相关的基因驱动Th17的分化和扩增，促进炎症 AIP pDC 分泌IFN-α和IL-33 加快胰腺慢性炎症和纤维化进程，肠道菌群失调和高脂饮食可
激活pDCcDC 分泌IFN-α/β和CXCL9/10等趋化因子 吸引CXCR3+ T细胞进入胰腺，此类T细胞分泌CCL25，招募表达
CCR9的pDC进入胰腺，pDC在胰腺中成为IFN-α的主要来源，与
CXCR3+ T细胞相互作用，从而形成正反馈环路注：MHC-Ⅱ，主要组织相容性复合体Ⅱ类；lncRNA，长链非编码RNA；circRNA，环状RNA；CXCR，CXC模式趋化因子受体。
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