HBV相关早发性肝癌与迟发性肝癌的临床特征比较
DOI: 10.12449/JCH250919
Clinical features of hepatitis B virus-related early-onset and late-onset liver cancer: A comparative analysis
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摘要:
目的 比较HBV相关早发性肝癌与迟发性肝癌患者临床特征,评估患者病情严重程度,为肝癌的早期诊断和治疗提供理论依据。 方法 回顾性纳入2019年1月—2023年8月于广州医科大学附属市八医院首次诊断为HBV感染相关肝癌患者695例,其中早发性肝癌93例(女性年龄<50岁、男性年龄<40岁),迟发性肝癌602例(女性年龄≥50岁、男性年龄≥40岁)。收集患者临床资料,包括人口统计学资料、首诊临床症状、合并疾病、吸烟史、饮酒史、家族史、血常规、肝生化指标、血清AFP、病毒学指标、凝血功能及影像学表现。计算泛炎症指标NLR(中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值)、PLR(血小板与淋巴细胞比值)和LMR(淋巴细胞与单核细胞比值),计算FIB-4指数、APRI、S指数、MELD、CTP评分、AIBL及巴塞罗那临床肝癌分期。符合正态分布的计量资料两组间比较采用成组t检验,非正态分布的计量资料两组间比较采用Wilcoxon秩和检验。计数资料两组间比较采用χ²检验或Fisher精确检验。 结果 2组间男性占比以及糖尿病、高血压、脂肪肝发生率比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为6.357、15.230、11.467、14.204,P值均<0.05);早发性肝癌组在无肝硬化基础上进展为肝癌占比显著高于迟发性肝癌组(χ2=24.657,P<0.001);早发性肝癌组BCLC分期为晚期的占比高于迟发性肝癌组(χ2=6.172,P=0.046)。总人群肝癌患者最常见的临床症状为腹胀、腹痛、纳差、乏力、体质量下降、双下肢水肿、黄疸、尿黄、恶心等,有55例(7.9%)患者确诊时无明显症状,是通过常规复查或体检发现AFP水平升高或影像学提示肝占位而进一步检查发现肝癌,其中早发性肝癌组更容易出现腹胀、腹痛、黄疸等症状(P值均<0.05)。早发性肝癌组肿瘤直径明显大于迟发性肝癌组(Z=2.845,P=0.034);与迟发性肝癌组相比,早发性肝癌组肿瘤多发,且更易发生肝内、肝周及远处转移(χ2值分别为5.889、4.079,P值均<0.05);2组肿瘤位置分布及肿瘤大小分型比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为3.948、11.317,P值均<0.05)。早发性肝癌组的FIB-4指数、HBsAg≤1 500 IU/mL患者占比、LMR和Cr水平均低于迟发性肝癌组(P值均<0.05),HBeAg阳性率、log10 HBV DNA及AFP、WBC、Hb、PLT、NLR、PLR、TBil、ALT、Alb、TC水平均明显高于迟发性肝癌组(P值均<0.05)。 结论 与迟发性肝癌相比,早发性肝癌患者多是在没有肝硬化基础上发展为肝癌,多发肿瘤灶,临床症状明显,BCLC分期晚,预示预后不佳。 Abstract:Objective To compare the clinical features of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related early-onset liver cancer and those with late-onset liver cancer, to assess the severity of the disease, and to provide a theoretical basis for the early diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for 695 patients who were diagnosed with HBV-related liver cancer for the first time in Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, from January 2019 to August 2023, among whom 93 had early-onset liver cancer (defined as an age of<50 years for female patients and<40 years for male patients) and 602 had late-onset liver cancer (defined as an age of ≥50 years for female patients and ≥40 years for male patients). Related clinical data were collected, including demographic data, clinical symptoms at initial diagnosis, comorbidities, smoking history, drinking history, family history, routine blood test results, biochemical parameters of liver function, serum alpha-fetoprotein(AFP), virological indicators, coagulation function, and imaging findings. The pan-inflammatory indices neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) were calculated, as well as FIB-4 index, aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), S index, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score, albumin-bilirubin (AIBL) grade, and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups, and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups; the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test were used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. Results There were significant differences between the two groups in the proportion of male patients and the incidence rates of diabetes, hypertension, and fatty liver disease (χ2=6.357, 15.230, 11.467, and 14.204, all P<0.05), and compared with the late-onset liver cancer group, the early-onset liver cancer group had a significantly higher proportion of patients progressing to liver cancer without underlying cirrhosis (χ2=24.657, P<0.001) and a significantly higher proportion of patients with advanced BCLC stage (χ2=6.172, P=0.046). For the overall population, the most common clinical symptoms included abdominal distension, abdominal pain, poor appetite, weakness, a reduction in body weight, edema of both lower limbs, jaundice, yellow urine, and nausea, and 55 patients (7.9%) had no obvious symptoms at the time of diagnosis and were found to have liver cancer by routine reexamination, physical examination suggesting an increase in AFP, or radiological examination indicating hepatic space-occupying lesion; compared with the late-onset liver cancer group, the patients in the early-onset liver cancer group were more likely to have the symptoms of abdominal distension, abdominal pain, and jaundice (all P<0.05). Compared with the late-onset liver cancer group, the early-onset liver cancer group had a significantly larger tumor diameter (Z=2.845, P=0.034), with higher prevalence rates of multiple tumors and intrahepatic, perihepatic, or distant metastasis (χ2=5.889 and 4.079, both P<0.05), and there were significant differences between the two groups in tumor location and size (χ2=3.948 and 11.317, both P<0.05). Compared with the late-onset liver cancer group, the early-onset liver cancer group had significantly lower FIB-4 index, proportion of patients with HBsAg ≤1 500 IU/mL, and levels of LMR and Cr (all P<0.05), as well as significantly higher positive rate of HBeAg and levels of log10 HBV DNA, AFP, WBC, Hb, PLT, NLR, PLR, TBil, ALT, Alb, and TC (all P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with late-onset liver cancer, patients with early-onset liver cancer tend to develop liver cancer without liver cirrhosis and have multiple tumors, obvious clinical symptoms, and advanced BCLC stage, which indicates a poor prognosis. -
Key words:
- Hepatitis B Virus /
- Liver Neoplasms /
- Disease Attributes
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表 1 早发性肝癌与迟发性肝癌患者的人口学特征比较
Table 1. Comparison of demographic characteristics of patients with early-onset and late-onset liver cancer
项目 合计(n=695) 早发性肝癌组(n=93) 迟发性肝癌组(n=602) 统计值 P值 男[例(%)] 626(90.1) 77(82.8) 549(91.2) χ2=6.357 0.012 BMI(kg/m2) 22.6±3.2 22.4±3.3 22.7±3.2 t=0.632 0.528 吸烟史[例(%)] 333(47.9) 40(43.0) 293(48.7) χ2=1.034 0.309 饮酒史[例(%)] 242(34.8) 32(34.4) 210(34.9) χ2=0.008 0.929 肝癌家族史[例(%)] 53(7.6) 9(9.7) 44(7.3) χ2=0.641 0.423 HBV感染家族史[例(%)] 189(27.2) 33(35.5) 156(25.9) χ2=3.726 0.054 肝癌破裂出血[例(%)] 52(7.5) 9(9.7) 43(7.1) χ2=0.748 0.387 糖尿病[例(%)] 122(17.5) 3(3.2) 119(19.8) χ2=15.230 <0.001 高血压[例(%)] 114(16.4) 4(4.3) 110(18.3) χ2=11.467 0.001 冠心病[例(%)] 15(2.1) 0(0.0) 15(2.5) χ2=1.335 0.248 肝衰竭[例(%)] 51(7.3) 8(8.6) 43(7.1) χ2=0.252 0.615 合并HCV/HDV感染[例(%)] 31(4.5) 8(8.6) 23(3.8) χ2=4.748 0.093 酒精性肝病[例(%)] 68(9.8) 4(4.3) 64(10.6) χ2=3.657 0.560 脂肪肝[例(%)] 17(2.4) 8(8.6) 9(1.5) χ2=14.204 <0.001 无肝硬化[例(%)] 62(8.9) 21(22.6) 41(6.8) χ2=24.657 <0.001 BCLC分期1)[例(%)] χ2=6.172 0.046 早期(0~A) 62(8.9) 2(2.2) 60(10.0) 中期(B) 176(25.3) 24(25.8) 152(25.2) 晚期(C~D) 457(65.8) 67(72.0) 390(64.8) 注:1)BCLC分期分为0期、A期、B期、C期和D期。
表 2 早发性肝癌与迟发性肝癌患者的影像学特征的比较
Table 2. Comparison of imaging characteristics in patients with early-onset and late-onset liver cancer
项目 总计(n=695) 早发性肝癌组(n=93) 迟发性肝癌组(n=602) 统计值 P值 肿瘤大小(mm) 63(32~103) 85(33~121) 60(32~100) Z=2.845 0.034 多发[例(%)] 445(64.0) 70(75.3) 375(62.3) χ2=5.889 0.015 门静脉血管侵犯[例(%)] 346(49.8) 55(59.1) 291(49.3) χ2=3.759 0.053 转移1)[例(%)] 256(36.8) 43(46.2) 213(35.4) χ2=4.079 0.043 远处转移[例(%)] 101(14.5) 18(19.4) 83(13.8) χ2=2.010 0.156 肿瘤位置分布[例(%)] χ2=3.948 0.047 左肝叶 111(16.0) 15(16.1) 96(15.9) 右肝叶 376(54.1) 42(45.2) 334(55.5) 双叶 208(29.9) 36(38.7) 172(28.6) 肿瘤大小分型[例(%)] χ2=11.198 0.048 微小癌 14(2.0) 2(2.2) 12(2.0) 小肝癌 131(18.8) 12(12.9) 119(19.8) 中肝癌 117(16.8) 12(12.9) 105(17.4) 大肝癌 198(28.5) 22(23.7) 176(29.2) 巨块型肝癌 171(24.6) 31(33.3) 140(23.3) 弥漫型肝癌 64(9.2) 14(15.1) 50(8.3) 注:1)包括肝内、肝周及远处转移。
表 3 早发性肝癌与迟发性肝癌患者的肝脏评分、实验室检查、泛炎症因子比较
Table 3. Comparison of liver scores, laboratory test results, and pan-inflammatory markers between early-onset and late-onset liver cancer
项目 总计(n=695) 早发性肝癌组(n=93) 迟发性肝癌组(n=602) 统计值 P值 AFP(μg/L) 277(13~16 183) 3 445(54~60 500) 218(12~11 060) Z=3.261 0.001 FIB-4指数 5.3(2.5~9.2) 2.8(1.4~5.7) 5.6(2.8~9.4) Z=5.054 <0.001 HBeAg阳性[例(%)] 120(17.3) 25(26.9) 95(15.8) χ2=6.949 0.008 HBsAg≤1 500 IU/mL[例(%)] 466(67.1) 54(58.1) 412(68.4) χ2=3.924 0.048 log10 HBV DNA 3.3(2.0~4.9) 4.2(2.6~5.4) 3.2(2.0~4.8) Z=3.568 <0.001 WBC(×109/L) 6.2(4.4~9.0) 7.6(5.5~10.2) 6.1(4.3~8.7) Z=3.505 <0.001 Hb(g/L) 115(95~134) 121(101~140) 115(94~134) Z=2.104 0.035 PLT(×109/L) 143(83~215) 186(113~274) 134(81~202) Z=3.831 <0.001 NLR 4.4(2.7~6.7) 5.1(3.5~7.8) 4.3(2.7~6.5) Z=2.848 0.004 PLR 133.4(85.4~202.0) 175.4(117.5~264.8) 125.9(83.7~193.5) Z=3.829 <0.001 LMR 2.0(1.3~3.1) 1.6(1.2~2.6) 2.1(1.4~3.1) Z=2.445 0.014 TBil(μmol/L) 31.1(15.7~80.7) 40.9(15.4~166.7) 30.4(15.7~71.9) Z=2.054 0.040 ALT(U/L) 43.3(25.0~78.3) 54.6(32.2~93.9) 41.0(23.9~74.8) Z=2.964 0.003 Alb(g/L) 33.7±5.9 35.2±5.6 33.5±6.0 t=2.529 0.012 Cr(μmol/L) 78.0(65.2~93.0) 69.0(56.3~84.3) 78.6(66.6~94.0) Z=4.283 <0.001 TC(mmol/L) 3.8(3.0~4.8) 4.2(3.2~4.9) 3.8(2.9~4.7) Z=2.139 0.032 PT(s) 15.4(14.3~17.3) 15.4(14.0~17.4) 15.4(14.3~17.3) Z=0.454 0.650 INR 1.2(1.1~1.4) 1.2(1.0~1.4) 1.2(1.1~1.4) Z=0.635 0.525 -
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