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Fried衰弱表型、肝脏衰弱指数和简易体能状况量表对肝硬化患者预后的预测价值比较

罗佳 章岱 单姗 王晓明 欧晓娟 王宇 贾继东

引用本文:
Citation:

Fried衰弱表型、肝脏衰弱指数和简易体能状况量表对肝硬化患者预后的预测价值比较

DOI: 10.12449/JCH250917
基金项目: 

国家自然科学基金 (82270603)

伦理学声明:本研究经由首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院伦理委员会批准,批号为2020-P2-241-01,所有入组患者均签署知情同意书。
利益冲突声明:本文不存在任何利益冲突。
作者贡献声明:罗佳负责实验设计,数据收集,文章撰写;章岱负责数据统计分析、作图;单姗、王晓明、欧晓娟、王宇负责数据整理,研究指导;贾继东负责研究指导,论文审阅及经费支持。
详细信息
    通信作者:

    贾继东, jia_jd@ccmu.edu.cn (ORCID: 0000-0002-4673-8890)

Comparative analysis of the predictive value of fried frailty phenotype, liver fraily index and short physical performance battery in the prognosis of patients with liver cirrhosis

Research funding: 

National Natural Science Foundation of China (82270603)

More Information
    Corresponding author: JIA Jidong, jia_jd@ccmu.edu.cn (ORCID: 0000-0002-4673-8890)
  • 摘要:   目的  探讨Fried衰弱表型(FFP)、肝脏衰弱指数(LFI)和简易体能状况量表(SPPB)对肝硬化患者2年全因死亡率及失代偿事件的预测价值。  方法  选取2020年12月—2021年12月首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院收治的277例肝硬化住院患者,采用FFP、LFI和SPPB评估患者衰弱状态,分为衰弱组和非衰弱组,比较3种工具的一致性及其对预后的独立预测效能。主要终点事件为2年全因死亡率和复合终点事件(死亡+失代偿),采用Cox回归、受试者操作特征曲线(ROC曲线)、净重新分类指数(NRI)和综合判别改善指数(IDI)分析3种工具的预测价值。符合正态分布的计量资料两组间比较采用成组t检验;不符合正态分布的计量资料两组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验;计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher精确检验。不同衰弱工具间一致性比较采用Cohen’s Kappa检验。绘制Kaplan-Meier生存曲线,生存分析采用Log-rank检验。  结果  FFP、LFI和SPPB评估的衰弱患病率分别为37.2%、22.4%和20.2%,FFP与LFI、SPPB一致性中等(κ=0.57,95%CI:0.47~0.67;κ=0.51,95%CI:0.41~0.62),而LFI与SPPB一致性较高(κ=0.87,95%CI:0.80~0.94)。衰弱组全因死亡率及复合终点发生率均显著高于非衰弱组(P值均<0.001)。多因素校正后,FFP、LFI、SPPB预测全因死亡率的风险比(HR)分别为2.42(95%CI:1.51~5.11)、2.21(95%CI:1.11~4.42)和2.21(95%CI:1.14~4.30),预测复合终点的HR分别为2.51(95%CI:1.61~3.91)、2.40(95%CI:1.51~3.80)和2.20(95%CI:1.39~3.47)。FFP对全因死亡率的预测ROC曲线下面积(AUC)(0.79 vs 0.69,P=0.032)及复合终点的预测AUC(0.75 vs 0.68,P=0.044)均显著高于Child-Pugh评分。联合衰弱评估工具与Child-Pugh评分的结合可显著提升预测效能(全因死亡AUC为0.81~0.82,复合终点AUC为0.77~0.78,P值均<0.05)。NRI和IDI分析进一步证实了联合模型在分类上的改进(P值均<0.001)。  结论  FFP、LFI和SPPB均可独立预测肝硬化患者的不良结局,其中FFP的预测效能最佳,且与Child-Pugh评分联合使用可显著提高预后评估的准确性。

     

  • 图  1  衰弱对肝硬化患者2年全因死亡+复合终点事件累积发生率影响的Kaplan-Meier生存曲线

    Figure  1.  Kaplan-Meier survival curve of the impact of frailty on cumulative incidence of 2-year all-cause mortality and composite endpoint events in patients with liver cirrhosis

    图  2  3种衰弱评估工具在肝硬化患者中的诊断Kappa一致性检验

    Figure  2.  Kappa consistency test results for the diagnosis of three frailty assessment tools in patients with liver cirrhosis

    注: a,全因死亡;b,复合终点事件。

    图  3  衰弱评估工具与Child-Pugh评分对2年全因死亡及复合终点事件预测效能的ROC曲线

    Figure  3.  ROC curves of the predictive efficacy of frailty assessment tools and Child-Pugh scores for 2-year all-cause mortality and composite endpoints

    注: a,全因死亡;b,复合终点事件。

    图  4  衰弱评估工具联合Child-Pugh评分对2年全因死亡及复合终点事件风险预测效能的ROC曲线

    Figure  4.  ROC curve of the predictive efficacy of frailty assessment tool combined with Child-Pugh score for 2-year all-cause mortality and composite endpoint risk

    图  5  全因死亡率和复合终点事件发生率的校准曲线

    Figure  5.  Calibration curves for all-cause mortality and incidence of composite endpoint events

    表  1  不同衰弱评估工具(FFP/LFI/SPPB)分组的肝硬化患者基线特征比较

    Table  1.   Comparison of baseline characteristics of cirrhosis patients grouped by different frailty assessment tools (FFP/LFI/SPPB)

    基线特征 合计
    n=277)
    FFP LFI SPPB
    非衰弱组
    n=174)
    衰弱组
    n=103)
    P 非衰弱组
    n=215)
    衰弱组
    n=62)
    P 非衰弱组
    n=221)
    衰弱组
    n=56)
    P
    年龄(岁) 60(52~67) 57(48~64) 67(60~71) <0.001 58(50~64) 69(65~75) <0.001 58(50~65) 69(65~74) <0.001
    性别[例(%)] 0.741 0.314 0.438
    134(48.4) 86(49.4) 48(46.6) 108(50.2) 26(41.9) 110(49.8) 24(42.9)
    143(51.6) 88(50.6) 55(53.4) 107(49.8) 36(58.1) 111(50.2) 32(57.1)
    BMI(kg/m2 23.9(21.5~26.8) 24.1(21.9~26.6) 23.8(21.0~26.9) 0.364 24.0(21.6~26.5) 23.6(21.3~26.9) 0.714 24.0(21.6~26.6) 23.6(20.8~27.0) 0.631
    病因[例(%)] 0.418 0.417 0.308
    病毒性肝炎(HBV、HCV) 63(22.7) 41(23.6) 22(21.4) 51(23.7) 12(19.4) 52(23.5) 11(19.6)
    酒精性肝病 54(19.5) 29(16.7) 25(24.3) 38(17.7) 16(25.8) 39(17.6) 15(26.8)
    代谢相关脂肪性肝病 36(13.0) 21(12.1) 15(14.6) 28(13.0) 8(12.9) 29(13.1) 7(12.5)
    原发性胆汁性胆管炎 57(20.6) 36(20.7) 21(20.4) 42(19.5) 15(24.2) 43(19.5) 14(25.0)
    其他 67(24.2) 47(27.0) 20(19.4) 56(26.0) 11(17.7) 58(26.2) 9(16.1)
    失代偿性肝硬化[例(%)] 221(79.8) 124(71.3) 97(94.2) <0.001 164(76.3) 57(91.9) 0.012 169(76.5) 52(92.9) 0.011
    肝硬化并发症[例(%)]
    腹水 178(64.3) 93(53.4) 85(82.5) <0.001 127(59.1) 51(82.3) 0.001 131(59.3) 47(83.9) 0.001
    食管胃静脉曲张 234(84.5) 144(82.8) 90(87.4) 0.393 181(84.2) 53(85.5) 0.960 186(84.2) 48(85.7) 0.936
    静脉曲张出血 89(32.1) 55(31.6) 34(33.0) 0.914 71(33.0) 18(29.0) 0.661 72(32.6) 17(30.4) 0.875
    肝性脑病 35(12.6) 11(6.3) 24(23.3) <0.001 15(7.0) 20(32.3) <0.001 16(7.2) 19(33.9) <0.001
    自发性腹膜炎 6(2.2) 2(1.1) 4(3.9) 0.200 3(1.4) 3(4.8) 0.128 4(1.8) 2(3.6) 0.350
    Child-Pugh评分(分) 7(6~9) 7(6~8) 8(7~9) <0.001 7(6~9) 8(7~9) <0.001 7(6~9) 8(7~9) <0.001
    Child-Pugh分级[例(%)] <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
    A级 100(36.1) 84(48.3) 16(15.5) 94(43.7) 6(9.7) 93(42.1) 7(12.5)
    B级 132(47.7) 68(39.1) 64(62.1) 90(41.9) 42(67.7) 96(43.4) 36(64.3)
    C级 45(16.2) 22(12.6) 23(22.3) 31(14.4) 14(22.6) 32(14.5) 13(23.2)
    MELD评分(分) 12(9~15) 11(9~13) 13(10~16) 0.021 12(9~14) 13(9~15) 0.292 12(9~14) 13(9~15) 0.366
    MELD-Na评分(分) 12(9~15) 11(9~14) 13(10~17) 0.019 12(9~15) 13(9~16) 0.321 12(9~15) 13(9~16) 0.397
    总胆红素(μmol/L) 28.1(17.6~47.4) 26.8(17.4~44.1) 31.1(19.3~56.3) 0.154 28.0(17.7~47.8) 28.6(15.3~47.3) 0.791 27.8(17.7~48.4) 30.1(13.7~47.0) 0.669
    血肌酐(μmol/L) 66.6(55.5~82.5) 61.8(54.0~73.7) 74.7(61.6~93.0) <0.001 63.0(54.0~75.1) 81.9(63.9~101.3) <0.001 63.7(54.1~76.8) 81.2(62.5~97.9) <0.001
    国际标准化比值 1.3(1.2~1.5) 1.3(1.2~1.4) 1.3(1.2~1.5) 0.358 1.3(1.2~1.5) 1.3(1.2~1.5) 0.934 1.3(1.2~1.5) 1.3(1.2~1.5) 0.801
    血清钠(mmol/L) 139.9(137.6~141.5) 140.1(138.6~
    142.2)
    139.1(136.0~
    140.8)
    <0.001 140.0(138.1~
    141.7)
    139.2(135.5~
    140.8)
    0.004 140.0(137.9~
    141.7)
    139.3(135.9~
    140.8)
    0.017
    白蛋白(g/L) 31.4(5.9) 32.8(5.9) 29.0(5.2) <0.001 32.3(5.8) 28.2(5.4) <0.001 32.0(5.91) 28.9(5.34) <0.001
    血氨(μmol/L) 59.0(46.0~75.0) 58.0(45.0~75.0) 61.0(49.0~76.0) 0.567 59.0(47.0~76.0) 59.5(45.0~73.5) 0.657 59.0(46.0~76.0) 60.5(45.8~72.5) 0.984
    下载: 导出CSV
    基线特征 合计
    n=277)
    FFP LFI SPPB
    非衰弱组(n=174) 衰弱组(n=103) P 非衰弱组(n=215) 衰弱组(n=62) P 非衰弱组(n=221) 衰弱组(n=56) P
    人体学测量指标
    腰围(cm) 92.0(84.0~99.0) 91.0(83.3~98.0) 94.0(84.5~100.0) 0.149 91.0(83.0~98.0) 94.0(85.0~102.0) 0.135 91.0(83.0~98.0) 94.0(84.8~102.0) 0.260
    小腿围(cm) 35.0(32.0~38.0) 36.0(33.0~38.0) 33.5(30.5~37.0) <0.001 35.0(32.5~38.0) 33.8(30.0~37.0) 0.004 35.5(32.5~38.0) 33.3(29.9~37.6) 0.010
    上臂围(cm) 27.0(25.0~30.0) 28.0(25.1~30.5) 26.0(24.0~29.0) <0.001 28.0(25.0~30.3) 26.0(23.1~27.9) <0.001 28.0(25.0~30.0) 26.0(23.4~27.6) <0.001
    肱三头肌皮褶厚度(mm) 16.0(12.0~20.0) 18.0(14.0~22.0) 14.0(10.0~18.0) <0.001 17.0(14.0~22.0) 12.0(10.0~16.0) <0.001 17.0(14.0~22.0) 12.0(8.8~16.0) <0.001
    上臂肌围(cm) 22.1(2.9) 22.3(2.8) 21.9(3.1) 0.280 22.3(2.9) 21.6(2.9) 0.111 22.2(2.9) 21.6(3.0) 0.178
    步速(m/s) 0.89(0.67~1.03) 0.99(0.88~1.09) 0.61(0.48~0.78) <0.001 0.95(0.83~1.06) 0.48(0.41~0.60) <0.001 0.94(0.83~1.06) 0.48(0.39~0.57) <0.001
    握力(kg) 25(19~33) 28(22~37) 20(15~25) <0.001 27(21~37) 17(13~23) <0.001 27(21~36) 17(13~22) <0.001
    NRS 2002评分(分) 1(1~3) 1(1~2) 2(1~4) <0.001 1(1~2) 3(1~4) <0.001 1(1~2) 3(1~4) <0.001
    NRS 2002评分[例(%)] <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
    <3分 201(72.6) 148(85.1) 53(51.5) 170(79.1) 31(50.0) 173(78.3) 28(50.0)
    ≥3分 76(27.4) 26(14.9) 50(48.5) 45(20.9) 31(50.0) 48(21.7) 28(50.0)
    CCI(分) 2(1~4) 2(1~3) 4(2~5) <0.001 2(1~3) 4(3~6) <0.001 2(1~3) 4(3~6) <0.001
    ADL评分(分) 6(6~6) 6(6~6) 6(5~6) <0.001 6(6~6) 5(4~6) <0.001 6(6~6) 5(4~6) <0.001
    IADL评分(分) 8(8~8) 8(8~8) 8(4~8) <0.001 8(8~8) 6(2~8) <0.001 8(8~8) 4(2~8) <0.001
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  衰弱对肝硬化患者2年全因死亡和复合终点事件的影响

    Table  2.   Influence of frailty on 2-year all-cause mortality and composite endpoint events in patients with liver cirrhosis

    组别 例数 全因死亡 复合终点事件
    HR(95%CI P HR(95%CI P
    FFP
    非衰弱组 174 1.00 1.00
    衰弱组 103 2.42(1.15~5.11) 0.020 2.51(1.61~3.91) <0.001
    LFI
    非衰弱组 215 1.00 1.00
    衰弱组 62 2.21(1.11~4.42) 0.025 2.40(1.51~3.80) <0.001
    SPPB
    非衰弱组 221 1.00 1.00
    衰弱组 56 2.21(1.14~4.30) 0.019 2.20(1.39~3.47) 0.001

    注:以衰弱为因变量,年龄、性别、查尔森共病指数、Child-Pugh分级为自变量进行Cox回归分析。

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  不同衰弱评估工具预测肝硬化患者2年全因死亡及复合终点事件的效能

    Table  3.   Efficiency of different frailty assessment tools for predicting 2-year all-cause mortality and composite endpoint events in patients with liver cirrhosis

    指标 衰弱组
    (例)
    非衰弱组
    (例)
    灵敏度 特异度 阳性
    预测值
    阴性
    预测值
    阳性
    似然比
    AUC(95%CI P C-index1) P
    全因死亡
    FFP 36/103 11/174 0.77 0.71 0.35 0.94 2.63 0.79(0.73~0.86) 0.82
    LFI 29/62 18/215 0.62 0.86 0.47 0.92 4.30 0.79(0.71~0.86) 0.7722) 0.83 0.7212)
    SPPB 27/56 20/221 0.57 0.87 0.48 0.91 4.56 0.75(0.67~0.84) 0.2172) 0.83 0.7682)
    复合终点事件
    FFP 68/103 40/174 0.63 0.79 0.66 0.77 3.04 0.75(0.69~0.81) 0.76
    LFI 49/62 59/215 0.45 0.92 0.79 0.73 5.90 0.74(0.68~0.80) 0.6692) 0.76 0.9712)
    SPPB 44/56 64/221 0.41 0.93 0.79 0.71 5.74 0.73(0.67~0.79) 0.4872) 0.75 0.7462)

    注:1)校正因素为年龄、性别、CCI、Child-Pugh分级;2)与FFP比较。

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  不同衰弱评估工具与Child-Pugh评分对肝硬化患者2年预后的预测效能改善情况比较

    Table  4.   Predictive performance improvement comparison of frailty assessment tools compared to Child-Pugh score for 2-year prognosis in liver cirrhosis

    指标 NRI+(95%CI P NRI-(95%CI P NRI(95%CI P IDI(95%CI P
    全因死亡
    Child-Pugh vs FFP 0.23(-0.04~0.51) 0.095 0.44(0.32~0.55) <0.001 0.67(0.37~0.96) <0.001 0.10(0.04~0.16) 0.001
    Child-Pugh vs LFI 0.19(-0.10~0.48) 0.204 0.24(0.11~0.36) <0.001 0.44(0.12~0.75) 0.008 0.13(0.06~0.20) <0.001
    Child-Pugh vs SPPB 0.11(-0.20~0.40) 0.475 0.29(0.16~0.41) <0.001 0.39(0.09~0.72) 0.015 0.12(0.05~0.19) 0.001
    复合终点事件
    Child-Pugh vs FFP 0.20(0.02~0.39) 0.033 0.21(0.06~0.36) 0.007 0.41(0.19~0.64) 0.001 0.11(0.06~0.16) <0.001
    Child-Pugh vs LFI 0.13(-0.07~0.32) 0.192 0.16(0.00~0.30) 0.033 0.29(0.04~0.54) 0.022 0.11(0.05~0.17) <0.001
    Child-Pugh vs SPPB 0.15(-0.04~0.35) 0.127 0.17(0.02~0.32) 0.026 0.32(0.08~0.56) 0.009 0.12(0.06~0.18) <0.001

    注:NRI+,对发生事件患者预测风险上调的净获益;NRI-,对未发生事件患者预测风险下调的净获益。

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  不同衰弱评估工具联合Child-Pugh评分对肝硬化患者2年预后的预测效能改善情况比较

    Table  5.   Predictive performance improvement comparison of combined frailty assessment tools and Child-Pugh score for 2-year prognosis in liver cirrhosis

    指标 NRI+(95%CI P NRI-(95%CI P NRI(95%CI P IDI(95%CI P
    全因死亡
    Child-Pugh vs Child-Pugh+FFP 0.53(0.28~0.77) <0.001 0.43(0.31~0.54) <0.001 0.96(0.68~1.23) <0.001 0.12(0.08~0.17) <0.001
    Child-Pugh vs Child-Pugh+LFI 0.32(0.02~0.59) 0.026 0.53(0.42~0.63) <0.001 0.85(0.52~1.15) <0.001 0.16(0.10~0.21) <0.001
    Child-Pugh vs Child-Pugh+SPPB 0.32(0.02~0.61) 0.027 0.58(0.48~0.69) <0.001 0.90(0.59~1.21) <0.001 0.15(0.09~0.21) <0.001
    复合终点事件
    Child-Pugh vs Child-Pugh+FFP 0.32(0.12~0.49) 0.001 0.44(0.31~0.59) <0.001 0.76(0.53~0.98) <0.001 0.13(0.09~0.17) <0.001
    Child-Pugh vs Child-Pugh+LFI 0.15(-0.05~0.33) 0.127 0.41(0.27~0.55) <0.001 0.56(0.32~0.79) <0.001 0.15(0.10~0.19) <0.001
    Child-Pugh vs Child-Pugh+SPPB 0.11(-0.10~0.30) 0.262 0.63(0.52~0.75) <0.001 0.74(0.51~0.97) <0.001 0.15(0.10~0.19) <0.001
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  • 收稿日期:  2025-03-18
  • 录用日期:  2025-05-06
  • 出版日期:  2025-09-25
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