白蛋白临床试验设计中的统计学考量
DOI: 10.12449/JCH250305
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摘要: 白蛋白在临床中的应用广泛,其临床试验设计的合理性直接影响研究结果的可靠性和临床应用价值。本文综述了白蛋白临床试验设计中的关键统计学考量,包括对主要终点的选择、统计学假设及非劣效界值的设定、腹水改善的临床评价标准、样本量的估计、中期分析等问题进行探讨,旨在为临床研究者提供方法学参考,以优化临床试验设计、提高其科学性和可行性。Abstract: Albumin is widely used in clinical practice, and the rationality of trial design directly affects the reliability of research findings and clinical application value. This article reviews the key statistical considerations in the design of albumin clinical trials, including the selection of primary endpoints, the establishment of statistical hypotheses and non-inferiority margins, clinical evaluation criteria for ascites improvement, sample size, and interim analyses, in order to provide methodological guidance for clinical researchers to optimize clinical trial design and enhance its scientific rigor and feasibility.
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Key words:
- Albumins /
- Clinical Trials /
- Statistics as Topic
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表 1 腹水有效率、率差及非劣效界值与样本量的关系(率差=0)
Table 1. Impact of ascites treatment efficacy, rate difference and non-inferiority margin on sample size (rate difference=0)
对照组有效率估计值 有效率差值 非劣效界值 样本量 扩充后样本量(设脱落率10%) 45% 0 -10% 778(389/组) 866(433/组) 50% 0 -10% 786(393/组) 874(437/组) 55% 0 -10% 778(389/组) 866(433/组) 60% 0 -10% 754(377/组) 838(419/组) 65% 0 -10% 716(358/组) 796(398/组) 70% 0 -10% 660(330/组) 734(367/组) 45% 0 -15% 346(173/组) 386(193/组) 50% 0 -15% 350(175/组) 390(195/组) 55% 0 -15% 346(173/组) 386(193/组) 60% 0 -15% 336(168/组) 374(187/组) 65% 0 -15% 318(159/组) 354(177/组) 70% 0 -15% 294(147/组) 328(164组) 注:power=0.8,单侧α=0.025。
表 2 腹水有效率、率差及非劣效界值与样本量的关系(率差=-5%)
Table 2. Impact of ascites treatment efficacy, rate difference and non-inferiority margin on sample size (rate difference=-5%)
对照组有效率估计值 有效率差值 非劣效界值 样本量 扩充后样本量(设脱落率10%) 45% -5% -10% 3 062(1 531/组) 3 404(1 702/组) 50% -5% -10% 3 124(1 562/组) 3 472(1 736/组) 55% -5% -10% 3 124(1 562/组) 3 472(1 736/组) 60% -5% -10% 3 062(1 531/组) 3 404(1 702/组) 65% -5% -10% 2 936(1 468/组) 3 264(1 632/组) 70% -5% -10% 2 748(1 374/组) 3 054(1 527/组) 45% -5% -15% 766(383/组) 852(426/组) 50% -5% -15% 782(391/组) 870(435/组) 55% -5% -15% 782(391/组) 870(435/组) 60% -5% -15% 766(383/组) 852(426/组) 65% -5% -15% 734(367/组) 816(408/组) 70% -5% -15% 688(344/组) 766(383/组) 注:power=0.8,单侧α=0.025。
表 3 腹水不同改善标准与有效率差值关系的模拟结果
Table 3. Simulation analysis of the relationship between different improvement criteria for ascites and efficacy rate difference
腹水改善标准
(腹水程度下降一级或深度较基线下降率达到以下标准)
平均有效率
估计值
有效率差值≥0的概率(试验组-对照组) ≤20% 54.5%~69.7% 84.0% 25% 54.5%~65.4% 71.1% 30% 48.0%~54.5% 18.8% 40% 43.8%~49.9% 21.2% 50% 35.0%~45.3% 14.7% 注:非真实数据,参考某临床试验Ⅱ期数据模拟,重复抽样1 000次。
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