Recent development in acute pancreatitis
-
摘要: <正>急性胰腺炎(AP)仍然是一种临床挑战。在美国,每年约有220 000例患者因此而住院,在最常见的消化疾病出院诊断中占第3位,当前在消化疾病死亡原因中占第14位,总体病死率约为5%,并有多器官功能衰竭患者病死率可高达47%[1]。本文将探讨流行病学、病因、严重程度评估和治疗有争议领域近期的显著进展。1流行病学和病因
-
关键词:
- 胰腺炎
-
Key words:
- pancreatitis
-
[1]Banks PA, Freeman ML. Practice guidelines in acute pancreatitis[J]. Am J Gastroenterol, 2006, 101 (10) ∶2379-2400. [2]Lowenfels AB, Maisonneuve P, Sullivan T. The changing character of acute pancreatitis: epidemiology, etiology, and prognosis[J]. Curr Gastroenterol Rep, 2009, 11 (2) ∶97-103. [3]Spanier BW, Dijkgraaf MG, Bruno MJ.Trends and forecasts of hos-pital admissions for acute and chronic pancreatitis in The Nether-lands[J].Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2008, 20 (7) ∶353-358. [4]Roberts SE, Williams JG, Meddings D, et al. Incidence and case fatality for acute pancreatitis in England: geographical variation social deprivation, alcohol consumption and aetiology: a record linkage study[J]. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2008, 28 (7) ∶931-941. [5]Yadav D, Lowenfels AB.Trends in the epidemiology of the first at-tack of acute pancreatitis:a systematic review[J].Pancreas, 2006, 33 (4) ∶323-330. [6]Balachandra S, Virlos IT, King NK, et al. Hyperlipidaemia and outcome in acute pancreatitis[J]. Int J Clin Pract, 2006, 60 (2) ∶156-159. [7]Badalov N, Baradarian R, Iswara K, et al. Drug-induced acute pancreatitis: an evidence-based review[J]. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2007, 5 (6) ∶648-661; quiz 644. [8]Lindkvist B, Appelros S, Manjer J, et al. A prospective cohort study of smoking in acute pancreatitis[J]. Pancreatology, 2008, 8 (1) ∶63-70. [9]Tolstrup JS, Kristiansen L, Becker U, et al.Smoking and risk of a-cute and chronic pancreatitis among women and men:a population-based cohort study[J].Arch Intern Med, 2009, 169 (6) ∶603-609. [10]Garg PK, Tandon RK, Madan K.Is biliary microlithiasis a signifi-cant cause of idiopathic recurrent acute pancreatitis?A long-term follow-up study[J].Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2007, 5 (1) ∶75-79. [11]Bradley EL 3rd. A clinically based classification system for acute pancreatitis: summary of the International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, GA, September 11 through 13, 1992[J]. Arch Surg, 1993, 128 (5) ∶586-590. [12]Bollen TL, van Santvoort HC, Besselink MG, et al. The Atlanta Classification of acute pancreatitis revisited[J]. Br J Surg, 2008, 95 (1) ∶ 6-21. [13]Vege SS, Gardner TB, Chari ST, et al.Low mortality and high mor-bidity in severe acute pancreatitis without organ failure:a case for revising the Atlanta classification to include“moderately severe a-cute pancreatitis.”[J].Am J Gastroenterol, 2009, 104 (3) ∶710-715. [14]Wu BU, Johannes RS, Sun X, et al.The early prediction of mor-tality in acute pancreatitis:a large population-based study[J].Gut, 2008, 57 (12) ∶1698-1703. [15]Brown A, James-Stevenson T, Dyson T, et al. The Panc 3 score: a rapid and accurate test for predicting severity on presentation in acute pancreatitis[J]. J Clin Gastroenterol, 2007, 41 (9) ∶855-858. [16]Ueda T, Takeyama Y, Yasuda T, et al.Utility of the new Japanese severity score and indications for special therapies in acute pancre-atitis[J].J Gastroenterol, 2009, 44 (5) ∶453-459. [17]Lankisch PG, Weber-Dany B, Hebel K, et al.The harmless a-cute pancreatitis score:a clinical algorithm for rapid initial stratifi-cation of nonsevere disease[J].Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2009, 7 (6) ∶702-705. [18]Rau BM.Predicting severity of acute pancreatitis[J].Curr Gastro-enterol Rep, 2007, 9∶107-115. [19]Rau BM, Kemppainen EA, Gumbs AA, et al.Early assessment of pancreatic infections and overall prognosis in severe acute pancrea-titis by procalcitonin (PCT) :a prospective international multi-center study[J].Ann Surg, 2007, 245 (5) ∶745-754. [20]MaedaK, HirotaM, IchiharaA, et al.Applicability of disseminated intravascular coagulation parameters in the assessment of the sever-ity of acute pancreatitis[J].Pancreas, 2006, 32 (1) ∶87-92. [21]Sathyanarayan G, Garg PK, Prasad H, et al.Elevated level of in-terleukin-6predicts organ failure and severe disease in patients with acute pancreatitis[J].J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2007, 22 (4) ∶550-554. [22]Bartosch-Harlid A, Andersson B, Aho U, et al. Artificial neural networks in pancreatic disease[J]. Br J Surg, 2008, 95 (7) ∶817-826. [23]Gardner TB, Vege SS, Pearson RK, et al.Fluid resuscitation in a-cute pancreatitis[J].Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2008, 6 (10) ∶1070-1076. [24]Gardner TB, Vege SS, Chari ST, et al.Lack of aggressive fluid re-suscitation is associated with organ failure in acute pancreatitis (ab-stract) [J].Gastroenterology, 2008, 134 (Suppl1) ∶A-373. [25]Forsmark CE, Baillie J. AGA Institute technical review on acute pancreatitis[J]. Gastroenterology, 2007, 132 (5) ∶2022-2044. [26]Sathiaraj E, Murthy S, Mansard MJ, et al.Clinical trial:oral feed-ing with a soft diet compared with clear liquid diet as initial meal in mild acute pancreatitis[J].Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2008, 28 (6) ∶777-781. [27]Olah A, Romics L Jr. Early enteral nutrition in acute pancreatitis: benefits and limitations[J]. Langenbecks Arch Surg, 2008, 393 (3) ∶261-269. [28]McClave SA, Chang WK, Dhaliwal R, et al. Nutrition support in acute pancreatitis: a systematic review of the literature[J]. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2006, 30 (2) ∶143-156. [29]Heinrich S, Schafer M, Rousson V, et al.Evidence-based treat-ment of acute pancreatitis:a look at established paradigms[J].Ann Surg, 2006, 243 (2) ∶154-168. [30]Petrov MS, Pylypchuk RD, Emelyanov NV.Systematic review:nu-tritional support in acute pancreatitis[J].Aliment Pharmacol T-her, 2008, 28 (6) ∶704-712. [31]Petrov MS, van Santvoort HC, Besselink MG, et al.Enteral nutri-tion and the risk of mortality and infectious complications in pa-tients with severe acute pancreatitis:a meta-analysis of random-ized trials[J].Arch Surg, 2008, 143 (11) ∶1111-1117. [32]Petrov MS, Zagainov VE.Influence of enteral versus parenteral nu-trition on blood glucose control in acute pancreatitis:a systematic review[J].Clin Nutr, 2007, 26 (5) ∶514-523. [33]O’Keefe SJ, Lee RB, Anderson FP, et al. Physiological effects of enteral and parenteral feeding on pancreaticobiliary secretion in humans[J]. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 2003, 284 (1) ∶G27-G36. [34]Kaushik N, Pietraszewski M, Holst JJ, et al.Enteral feeding with-out pancreatic stimulation[J].Pancreas, 2005, 31 (4) ∶353-359. [35]O’Keefe SJ, Lee RB, Li J, et al.Trypsin secretion and turnover in patients with acute pancreatitis[J].Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liv-er Physiol, 2005, 289 (2) ∶G181-G187. [36]Eatock FC, Chong P, Menezes N, et al.A randomized study of early nasogastric versus nasojejunal feeding in severe acute pancre-atitis[J].Am J Gastroenterol, 2005, 100 (2) ∶432–439. [37]Kumar A, Singh N, Prakash S, et al.Early enteral nutrition in se-vere acute pancreatitis:a prospective randomized controlled trial comparing nasojejunal and nasogastric routes[J].J Clin GasTro-enterol, 2006, 40 (5) ∶431-434. [38]Petrov MS, Correia MI, Windsor JA.Nasogastric tube feeding in predicted severe acute pancreatitis:a systematic review of the lit-erature to determine safety and tolerance[J].JOP, 2008, 9 (4) ∶440-448. [39]Ioannidis O, Lavrentieva A, Botsios D. Nutrition support in acute pancreatitis[J]. JOP, 2008, 9∶375-390. [40]Isenmann R, Runzi M, Kron M, et al.Prophylactic antibiotic treat-ment in patients with predicted severe acute pancreatitis:a place-bo-controlled, double-blind trial[J].Gastroenterology, 2004, 126 (4) ∶997-1004. [41]Dellinger EP, Tellado JM, Soto NE, et al.Early antibiotic treat-ment for severe acute necrotizing pancreatitis:a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study[J].Ann Surg, 2007, 245 (5) ∶674-683. [42]Garcia-Barrasa A, Borobia FG, Pallares R, et al.A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of ciprofloxacin prophylaxis in pa-tients with acutenecrotizingpancreatitis[J].J gastrointest Surg, 2009, 13 (4) ∶768-774. [43]Mazaki T, Ishii Y, Takayama T.Meta-analysis of prophylactic an-tibiotic use in acute necrotizing pancreatitis[J].Br J Surg, 2006, 93 (6) ∶674-684. [44]Villatoro E, Bassi C, Larvin M. Antibiotic therapy for prophylaxis against infection of pancreatic necrosis in acute pancreatitis[J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2006 (4) ∶CD002941. [45]de Vries AC, Besselink MG, Buskens E, et al.Randomized con-trolled trials of antibiotic prophylaxis in severe acute pancreatitis:relationship between methodological quality and outcome[J].Pancreatology, 2007, 7 (5-6) ∶531-538. [46]Jafri NS, Mahid SS, Idstein SR, et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis is not protective in severe acute pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Am J Surg, 2009, 197 (6) ∶806-813. [47]Bai Y, Gao J, Zou DW, et al.Prophylactic antibiotics cannot re-duce infected pancreatic necrosis and mortality in acute necrotizing pancreatitis:evidence from a meta-analysis of randomized con-trolled trials[J].Am J Gastroenterol, 2008, 103 (1) ∶104-110. [48]Xu T, Cai Q.Prophylactic antibiotic treatment in acute necrotizing pancreatitis:results from a meta-analysis[J].Scand J Gastroen-terol, 2008, 43 (10) ∶1249-1258. [49]De Waele JJ, Vogelaers D, Blot S, et al.Fungal infections in pa-tients with severe acute pancreatitis and the use of prophylactic therapy[J].Clin Infect Dis, 2003, 37 (2) ∶208-213. [50]Vege SS, Gardner TB, Chari ST, et al. Outcomes of intra-abdom-inal fungal vs bacterial infections in severe acute pancreatitis[J]. Am J Gastroenterol, 2009, 104 (8) ∶2065-2070. [51]Larvin M. Management of infected pancreatic necrosis[J]. Curr Gastroenterol Rep, 2008, 10∶107-114. [52]Mier J, Leon EL, Castillo A, et al. Early versus late necrosectomy in severe necrotizing pancreatitis[J]. Am J Surg, 1997, 173 (2) ∶71-75. [53]Bradley EL3rd, Allen K.A prospective longitudinal study of obser-vation versus surgical intervention in the management of necrotizing pancreatitis[J].Am J Surg, 1991, 161 (1) ∶19-25. [54]Beger HG.Operative management of necrotizing pancreatitis:ne-crosectomy and continuous closed postoperative lavage of the lesser sac[J].Hepatogastroenterology, 1991, 38 (2) ∶129-133. [55]Kalfarentzos FE, Kehagias J, Kakkos SK, et al.Treatment of pa-tients with severe acute necrotizing pancreatitis based on prospec-tive evaluation[J].Hepatogastroenterology, 1999, 46 (30) ∶3249-3256. [56]Tsiotos GG, Luque-de Leon E, Soreide JA, et al. Management of necrotizing pancreatitis by repeated operative necrosectomy using a zipper technique[J]. Am J Surg, 1998, 175 (2) ∶91-98. [57]Nordback I, Paajanen H, Sand J.Prospective evaluation of a treat-ment protocol in patients with severe acute necrotising pancreatitis[J].Eur J Surg, 1997, 163 (5) ∶357-364. [58]Besselink MG, van Santvoort HC, Nieuwenhuijs VB, et al.Mini-mally invasive“step-upapproach”versus maximal necrosectomyin patients with acute necrotising pancreatitis (PANTER trial) :design and rationale of a randomised controlled multicenter trial[ISRCTN13975868][J].BMC Surg, 2006, 6∶6. [59]Papachristou GI, Topazian MD, Gleeson FC, et al. EUS features of annular pancreas (with video) [J]. Gastrointest Endosc, 2007, 65 (2) ∶340-344. [60]Voermans RP, Veldkamp MC, Rauws EA, et al.Endoscopic trans-mural debridement of symptomatic organized pancreatic necrosis (with videos) [J].Gastrointest Endosc, 2007, 66 (5) ∶909-916. [61]Escourrou J, Shehab H, Buscail L, et al. Peroral transgastric/transduodenal necrosectomy: success in the treatment of infected pancreatic necrosis[J]. Ann Surg, 2008, 248 (6) ∶1074-1080. [62]Gardner TB, Chahal P, Papachristou GI, et al.A comparison of di-rect endoscopic necrosectomy with transmural endoscopic drainage for the treatment of walled-off pancreatic necrosis.[J]Gastroint-est Endosc, 2009, 69 (6) ∶1085-1094. [63]Charnley RM, Lochan R, Gray H, et al.Endoscopic necrosectomy as primary therapy in the management of infected pancreaticnecro-sis[J].Endoscopy, 2006, 38 (9) ∶925-928. [64]Runzi M, Niebel W, Goebell H, et al. Severe acute pancreatitis:nonsurgical treatment of infected necroses[J]. Pancreas, 2005, 30 (3) ∶195-199. [65]Sharma VK, Howden CW. Meta analysis of randomized controlled trials of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography and endoscopic sphincterotomy for the treatment of acute biliary pancreatitis[J]. Am J Gastroenterol, 1999, 94 (11) ∶3211-3214. [66]Folsch UR, Nitsche R, Ludtke R, et al. Early ERCP and papillotomy compared with conservative treatment for acute biliary pancreatitis: the German Study Group on Acute Biliary Pancreatitis[J]. N Engl J Med, 1997, 336 (4) ∶237-242. [67]Fan ST, Lai EC, Mok FP, et al. Early treatment of acute biliary pancreatitis by endoscopic papillotomy[J]. N Engl J Med, 1993, 328 (4) ∶228-232. [68]Moretti A, Papi C, Aratari A, et al.Is early endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography useful in the management of acute biliar-y pancreatitis?A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J].Dig Liver Dis, 2008, 40 (5) ∶379-385. [69]Petrov MS, van Santvoort HC, Besselink MG, et al.Early endo-scopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography versus conservative management in acute biliary pancreatitis without cholangitis:a me-ta-analysis of randomized trials[J].Ann Surg, 2008, 247 (2) ∶250-257. [70]Boerma D, Rauws EA, Keulemans YC, et al.Wait-and-see policy or laparoscopic cholecystectomy after endoscopic sphincter-otomy for bile-duct stones:a randomised trial[J].Lancet, 2002, 360 (9335) ∶761-765. [71]Nebiker CA, Frey DM, Hamel CT, et al.Early versus delayed cholecystectomy in patients with biliary acute pancreatitis[J].Surgery, 2009, 145 (3) ∶260-264.
本文二维码
计量
- 文章访问数: 3381
- HTML全文浏览量: 32
- PDF下载量: 814
- 被引次数: 0