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肝硬化发生骨量丢失的临床特征及其与肌少症的相关性

金秋 杨婧 马红琳 孙正豪 刘清清 胡绍山 李苹菊

引用本文:
Citation:

肝硬化发生骨量丢失的临床特征及其与肌少症的相关性

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2023.12.013
基金项目: 

昆明医科大学2022年研究生创新基金 (2022S275);

昆明医科大学第二附属医院院内临床研究项目 (ynllT2021012)

伦理学声明:本研究方案于2022年4月8日经由昆明医科大学第二附属医院伦理委员会审批,批号:审-PJ-科-2022-66,所有入组对象均已签署知情同意书。
利益冲突声明:本文不存在任何利益冲突。
作者贡献声明:金秋负责课题设计,数据收集,文章构思并撰写论文;马红琳、孙正豪、李苹菊、胡绍山、刘清清参与数据收集,查阅分析文献;杨婧负责指导论文撰写与定稿。
详细信息
    通信作者:

    杨婧, yangjing_dl@163.com (ORCID: 0000-0003-3305-8893)

Clinical features of bone mass loss in liver cirrhosis and its association with sarcopenia

Research funding: 

Postgraduate Innovation Fund of Kunming Medical University in 2022 (2022S275);

Hospital Clinical Research Project of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (ynllT2021012)

More Information
  • 摘要:   目的  通过对比肝硬化患者发生骨量丢失的临床特征,探讨肌少症对发生骨量丢失的影响、识别肝硬化骨量丢失的危险因素以及探讨人体成分分析与骨密度之间的相关性。  方法  选取2022年4月—2022年12月于昆明医科大学第二附属医院消化内科住院并确诊肝硬化的患者92例。根据双能X线吸收检测法(DXA),分为骨量丢失组(骨量减少/骨质疏松)(57例)和骨量正常组(35例),比较两组间的一般资料、实验室检查、影像学资料和人体成分分析的差异。计量资料两组间比较采用成组t检验或Mann-Whitney U检验,计数资料两组间比较采用χ2检验或连续性修正χ2检验;相关性分析采用Pearson相关性分析或Spearman相关性分析;Logistic回归分析肝硬化发生骨量丢失的危险因素。  结果  骨量丢失组的年龄(t=-3.597)、女性占比(χ2=8.393)、骨钙素N端中分子片段(N-MID)(Z=-3.068)、β-I型胶原羧基末端交联肽(β-CTX)(t=-2.784)和肌少症占比(χ2=13.884)高于骨量正常组,降钙素(CT)(Z=-2.340)和L3-骨骼肌指数(L3-SMI)(t=4.621)低于骨量正常组(P值均<0.05),骨量丢失组的肌肉总量(Z=-2.952)、右上肢肌肉量(Z=-2.929)、左上肢肌肉量(Z=-2.680)、右下肢肌肉量(Z=-3.366)、左下肢肌肉量(Z=-3.374)、推定骨量(t=2.842)、身体水分量(Z=-2.779)、基础代谢率(BMR)(Z=-3.153)、L1~L4低骨密度(BMD)和股骨颈BMD(t=9.789、t=10.280、t=10.832、Z=-7.298、t=8.945)均低于骨量正常组(P值均<0.05)。人体成分分析的肌肉总量、躯干部及四肢肌肉量、推定骨量、BMR、身体水分量与L1~L4 BMD和股骨颈BMD呈正相关(P值均<0.05),脂肪量与L1~L4 BMD呈正相关(P值均<0.05)。肌少症(OR=8.737,95%CI:2.237~34.129,P=0.002)、年龄(OR=1.094,95%CI:1.019~1.175,P=0.013)、N-MID(OR=1.095,95%CI:1.019~1.176,P=0.014)是肝硬化发生骨量丢失的独立危险因素。  结论  高龄、女性、合并肌少症、N-MID升高、β-CTX升高、CT降低、低肌肉量、低推定骨量、低BMR和低身体水分量是肝硬化发生骨量丢失的特征,肌少症、年龄和N-MID是肝硬化骨量丢失的独立危险因素,通过详细评估人体成分变化有助于发现肝硬化患者的骨密度异常。

     

  • 图  1  L3-骨骼肌面积

    Figure  1.  L3-skeletal muscle area

    图  2  腹部脂肪面积

    注: 蓝色区域为皮下脂肪;黄色区域为内脏脂肪。

    Figure  2.  Abdominal fat area

    表  1  两组间一般资料比较

    Table  1.   Comparison of general data between the two groups

    项目 骨量丢失组(n=57) 骨量正常组(n=35) 统计值 P
    性别[例(%)] χ2=8.393 0.004
    23(40.4) 25(71.4)
    34(59.6) 10(28.6)
    年龄(岁) 58.70±8.76 51.91±8.83 t=-3.597 0.001
    BMI(kg/m2 22.81±3.72 24.21±3.19 t=1.857 0.067
    握力(kg) 16.2(13.0~26.0) 19.3(15.9~29.5) Z=-1.741 0.082
    病因[例(%)] χ2=6.502 0.090
    乙型肝炎 17(29.8) 17(48.6)
    酒精性肝病 13(22.8) 10(28.6)
    原发性胆汁性胆管炎 12(21.1) 2(5.7)
    其他 15(26.3) 6(17.1)
    Child-Pugh分级[例(%)] χ2=1.439 0.487
    A级 26(45.6) 15(42.9)
    B级 22(38.6) 11(31.4)
    C级 9(15.8) 9(25.7)
    激素使用史[例(%)] 11(19.3) 3(8.6) χ2=1.934 0.164
    TDF服用史[例(%)] 4(7.0) 4(11.4) χ2=0.121 0.7281)
    吸烟史[例(%)] 16(28.1) 13(37.1) χ2=0.827 0.363
    饮酒史[例(%)] 18(31.6) 14(40.0) χ2=0.678 0.410
    高血压[例(%)] 11(19.3) 4(11.4) χ2=0.984 0.321
    糖尿病[例(%)] 14(24.6) 6(17.1) χ2=0.701 0.402
    注:1)为连续性修正χ2检验。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  两组间实验室资料比较

    Table  2.   Comparison of laboratory data between the two groups

    项目 骨量丢失组(n=57) 骨量正常组(n=35) 统计值 P
    白蛋白(g/L) 33.73±6.84 33.11±6.89 t=-0.418 0.677
    ALT(U/L) 31.00(20.00~61.00) 31.00(19.00~70.00) Z=-0.434 0.664
    AST(U/L) 41.00(27.50~87.50) 44.00(28.00~114.00) Z=-0.302 0.763
    ALP(U/L) 121.00(81.50~157.00) 109.00(79.00~140.00) Z=-0.993 0.321
    GGT(U/L) 54.00(29.50~157.50) 49.00(36.00~115.00) Z=-0.105 0.917
    胆碱酯酶(U/L) 3 928.00(2 631.00~6 333.00) 3 457.00(2 404.00~6 114.00) Z=-0.591 0.554
    TBil(μmol/L) 28.10(17.60~41.30) 27.50(18.40~42.20) Z=-0.072 0.942
    TC(mmol/L) 4.03(3.25~5.10) 3.95(3.21~4.69) Z=-0.571 0.568
    TG(mmol/L) 0.95(0.77~1.28) 1.04(0.74~1.42) Z=-0.676 0.499
    钙(mmol/L) 2.13±0.14 2.09±0.12 t=-1.596 0.114
    磷(mmol/L) 1.12(1.02~1.20) 1.08(0.99~1.26) Z=-0.555 0.579
    PT(s) 14.80(13.80~16.85) 15.60(14.20~18.80) Z=-1.589 0.112
    APTT(s) 38.70(33.70~43.05) 40.60(37.10~47.50) Z=-1.673 0.094
    INR 1.18(1.10~1.38) 1.27(1.12~1.53) Z=-1.496 0.135
    PTH(pg/mL) 41.55(28.45~59.61) 32.52(25.93~54.31) Z=-1.251 0.211
    N-MID(ng/mL) 19.80(12.61~26.58) 11.89(8.21~19.26) Z=-3.068 0.002
    β-CTX(pg/mL) 684.40±295.03 521.89±228.40 t=-2.784 0.007
    CT(pg/mL) 0.85(0.50~1.68) 1.87(0.71~3.66) Z=-2.340 0.019
    25羟基维生素D(nmol/L) 31.10(23.65~46.80) 30.80(20.60~49.30) Z=-0.253 0.800
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  两组间合并肌少症的情况比较

    Table  3.   Comparison of sarcopenia between the two groups

    项目 骨量丢失组(n=57) 骨量正常组(n=35) 统计值 P
    L3-SMI(cm2/m2 41.28±9.36 48.87±6.38 t=4.621 <0.001
    肌少症[例(%)] 42(73.7) 12(34.3) χ2=13.884 <0.001
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  两组间人体成分分析、腹部脂肪面积和骨密度比较

    Table  4.   Comparison of body composition analysis, abdominal fat area and bone mineral density between the two groups

    项目 骨量丢失组(n=57) 骨量正常组(n=35) 统计值 P
    体脂肪率(%) 23.91±8.49 23.94±9.21 t=0.015 0.988
    脂肪量(kg) 14.05(9.55~18.60) 14.60(12.40~20.50) Z=-0.925 0.355
    肌肉总量(kg) 39.95(36.00~49.68) 45.85(40.75~54.25) Z=-2.952 0.003
    躯干部肌肉量(kg) 21.80(20.03~27.00) 24.30(21.35~27.50) Z=-1.705 0.088
    右上肢肌肉量(kg) 1.95(1.70~2.68) 2.52(2.05~3.05) Z=-2.929 0.003
    左上肢肌肉量(kg) 1.90(1.63~2.80) 2.50(2.00~2.90) Z=-2.680 0.007
    右下肢肌肉量(kg) 7.10(5.95~9.38) 8.75(7.55~10.50) Z=-3.366 0.001
    左下肢肌肉量(kg) 7.10(5.93~9.08) 8.85(7.35~10.30) Z=-3.374 0.001
    推定骨量(kg) 2.47±0.44 2.72±0.36 t=2.842 0.006
    BMR(kcal) 1 185.00(1 077.00~1 445.00) 1 407.00(1 242.00~1 569.00) Z=-3.153 0.002
    身体水分量(kg) 30.45(27.33~37.23) 35.85(30.15~42.90) Z=-2.779 0.005
    皮下脂肪面积(cm2 149.20(93.42~192.45) 134.6(85.80~211.00) Z=-0.483 0.629
    内脏脂肪面积(cm2 67.51(34.57~114.65) 65.98(46.44~122.70) Z=-0.390 0.696
    L1 BMD(g/cm2 0.76±0.13 1.02±0.11 t=9.789 <0.001
    L2 BMD(g/cm2 0.82±0.14 1.11±0.12 t=10.280 <0.001
    L3 BMD(g/cm2 0.88±0.14 1.20±0.13 t=10.832 <0.001
    L4 BMD(g/cm2 0.90(0.80~0.98) 1.16(1.08~1.25) Z=-7.298 <0.001
    股骨颈BMD(g/cm2 0.75±0.11 0.95±0.10 t=8.945 <0.001
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  人体成分和骨密度的相关性分析

    Table  5.   Correlation analysis between body composition and bone mineral density

    项目 L1 BMD L2 BMD L3 BMD L4 BMD 股骨颈BMD
    r P r P r P r P r P
    体脂肪率 0.070 0.506 0.040 0.704 0.051 0.630 0.065 0.535 0.009 0.933
    脂肪量 0.230 0.028 0.209 0.046 0.213 0.042 0.267 0.010 0.123 0.243
    肌肉总量 0.401 <0.001 0.438 <0.001 0.425 <0.001 0.412 <0.001 0.376 <0.001
    躯干部肌肉量 0.322 0.002 0.336 0.001 0.284 0.006 0.276 0.008 0.271 0.009
    右上肢肌肉量 0.371 <0.001 0.422 <0.001 0.408 <0.001 0.403 <0.001 0.353 0.001
    左上肢肌肉量 0.348 0.001 0.379 <0.001 0.388 <0.001 0.380 <0.001 0.340 0.001
    右下肢肌肉量 0.390 <0.001 0.450 <0.001 0.454 <0.001 0.442 <0.001 0.384 <0.001
    左下肢肌肉量 0.391 <0.001 0.451 <0.001 0.457 <0.001 0.446 <0.001 0.378 <0.001
    推定骨量 0.404 <0.001 0.413 <0.001 0.427 <0.001 0.399 <0.001 0.414 <0.001
    BMR 0.436 <0.001 0.465 <0.001 0.464 <0.001 0.459 <0.001 0.402 <0.001
    身体水分量 0.351 0.001 0.387 <0.001 0.405 <0.001 0.414 <0.001 0.371 <0.001
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6  肝硬化骨量丢失危险因素的Logistic回归分析

    Table  6.   Logistic regression analysis of risk factors for bone mass loss in cirrhosis

    项目 单因素分析 多因素分析
    OR(95%CI P OR(95%CI P
    年龄(岁) 1.095(1.035~1.158) 0.001 1.094(1.019~1.175) 0.013
    女性 3.696(1.496~9.129) 0.005
    N-MID(ng/mL) 1.067(1.016~1.120) 0.009 1.095(1.019~1.176) 0.014
    β-CTX(pg/mL) 1.002(1.001~1.004) 0.009
    CT(pg/mL) 0.937(0.827~1.063) 0.313
    肌少症 5.367(2.152~13.381) <0.001 8.737(2.237~34.129) 0.002
    BMR(kcal) 0.997(0.995~0.999) 0.004
    身体水分量(kg) 0.920(0.864~0.981) 0.011
    下载: 导出CSV
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    江雅平, 周佳, 焦莉莉, 等. 骨代谢生化指标对肝炎后肝硬化并发骨质疏松的预测价值[J]. 中华骨质疏松和骨矿盐疾病杂志, 2020, 13( 4): 326- 333. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-2591.2020.04.007.
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  • 收稿日期:  2023-03-07
  • 录用日期:  2023-03-24
  • 出版日期:  2023-12-12
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