抗-HBs联合抗-HBe对HBsAg/HBeAg/抗-HBc阳性患者HBeAg血清学转换的预测价值

谭亚峰; 孙凤兰; 夏巍; 欧阳耀灵; 李承彬; 陈珍霞; 吴松; 余运运; 江涛

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2023.08.011

抗-HBs联合抗-HBe对HBsAg/HBeAg/抗-HBc阳性患者HBeAg血清学转换的预测价值

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2023.08.011

a.
长江大学附属荆州医院医学检验部，湖北荆州 434000
b.
长江大学附属荆州医院妇科，湖北荆州 434000

基金项目:

荆州市科技计划项目 (2022HC68)

伦理学声明：本研究方案于2022年6月30日经由长江大学附属荆州医院伦理委员会审批，批号：2022-06-30，所纳入患者均签署知情同意书。

利益冲突声明：本文不存在任何利益冲突。

作者贡献声明：谭亚峰、孙凤兰负责课题设计，资料分析，撰写论文；夏巍，欧阳耀灵负责收集数据和统计分析；李承彬、陈珍霞、吴松负责指导数据统计分析；江涛负责拟定写作思路，指导撰写文章并最后定稿。谭亚峰、孙凤兰对本文贡献等同，同为第一作者。

详细信息

通信作者:
江涛，jiangtao00358@126.com (ORCID：0000-0002-0852-9190)

计量
- 文章访问数: 440
- HTML全文浏览量: 301
- PDF下载量: 40
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-12-02
- 录用日期: 2023-01-09
- 出版日期: 2023-08-20

Predictive value of anti-HBs+anti-HBe for seroconversion of HBeAg in patients with positive HBsAg/HBeAg/anti-HBc

a.
Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, China
b.
Department of Gynecology, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, China

Research funding:

Jingzhou Science and Technology Plan Project (2022HC68)

More Information

Corresponding author: JIANG Tao, jiangtao00358@126.com (ORCID: 0000-0002-0852-9190)

摘要

摘要: 目的建立HBsAg/HBeAg/抗-HBc阳性(以下简称“大三阳”)+抗-HBe阳性模式患者HBeAg血清学转换预测模型，并验证其预测价值。方法选取2018年4月1日—2022年8月1日于长江大学附属荆州医院行乙型肝炎血清标志物和HBV DNA定量检测的乙型肝炎患者6 055例，根据不同乙型肝炎血清学指标模式分为5组：HBsAg阴性组、HBsAg/抗-HBe/抗-HBc阳性组、大三阳+抗-HBe阳性组、大三阳+抗-HBs阳性组和大三阳组。分析不同乙型肝炎血清学指标模式的特点及不同组别中HBeAg水平的差异。非正态分布的多组连续性变量组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验。计数资料组间比较采用χ²检验。采用线性回归分析不同组别HBeAg水平差异。采用Logistic回归筛选独立影响因素，获得最优预测因子。通过受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)验证预测效能。使用R Studio4.2.1建立预测模型并验证。结果与大三阳模式相比，大三阳+抗-HBe阳性、大三阳+抗-HBs阳性模式患者HBeAg水平均降低(P值均 < 0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，抗-HBe是HBeAg血清学转换的独立影响因素(P=0.014)。Lasso回归分析筛选结果显示，大三阳+抗-HBe阳性患者发生HBeAg血清学转换的最优预测因子为抗-HBe+抗-HBs。ROC曲线结果显示，抗-HBe+抗-HBs的AUC为0.733(95%CI: 0.588~0.878，P=0.004 8)。纳入抗-HBe+抗-HBs建立预测模型，其区分度(AUC=0.733)、准确度(C=0.733，B=0.20，P=0.946)、检测效能及稳定度(加强Bootstrap检验C=0.726)均表现良好。结论乙型肝炎患者体内抗-HBs或抗-HBe的出现均促进HBeAg水平下降，且抗-HBe促进HBeAg水平下降的能力强于抗-HBs。抗-HBe+抗-HBs可用于大三阳+抗-HBe阳性模式患者HBeAg血清学转换的预测。
- 乙型肝炎抗原 /
- 血清转换 /
- 预测
Abstract: Objective To establish a predictive model for HBeAg seroconversion in patients with positive HBsAg/HBeAg/anti- HBc and anti-HBe, and to investigate the predictive value of this model. Methods A total of 6 055 patients with hepatitis B who received the quantification of the serum markers for hepatitis B and HBV DNA in Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University from April 1, 2018 to August 1, 2022 were enrolled, and according to the pattern of serological markers for hepatitis B, they were divided into negative HBsAg group, positive HBsAg/anti-HBe/anti-HBc group, positive HBsAg/HBeAg/anti-HBc+positive anti-HBe group, positive HBsAg/HBeAg/anti- HBc+positive anti-HBs group, and positive HBsAg/HBeAg/anti-HBc group. The characteristics of different patterns of serological markers were analyzed, and the level of HBeAg was compared between groups. The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous variables between multiple groups; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. The linear regression analysis was used to analyze the difference in HBeAg content between different groups; the logistic regression analysis was used to screen for independent influencing factors and obtain the optimal predictive factors. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to validate the predictive performance of the model. R Studio4.2.1 was used to establish and validate the predictive model. Results Compared with the positive HBsAg/anti-HBe/anti-HBc group, the positive HBsAg/HBeAg/anti-HBc+positive anti-HBe group and the positive HBsAg/HBeAg/anti-HBc+positive anti-HBs group had a significant reduction in the level of HBeAg (both P < 0.01). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that anti-HBe was an independent influencing factor for HBeAg seroconversion (P=0.014), and the Lasso regression analysis showed that anti-HBe+anti-HBs was the optimal predictive factor for HBeAg seroconversion in the patients with positive HBsAg/HBeAg/anti- HBc and positive anti-HBe. The ROC curve analysis showed that anti-HBe+ anti-HBs had an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.733 (95% confidence interval: 0.588-0.878, P=0.004 8). Anti-HBe+anti-HBs was included to establish a predictive model, which had good discriminatory ability (AUC=0.733), accuracy (C=0.733, B=0.20, P=0.946), predictive performance, and stability (C=0.726 based on the enhanced Bootstrap test). Conclusion The presence of anti-HBs or anti-HBe in patients with hepatitis B promotes the reduction in HBeAg level, and anti-HBe had a stronger ability than anti-HBs in promoting such reduction. Anti-HBe+anti-HBs can be used to predict HBeAg seroconversion in patients with positive HBsAg/HBeAg/anti-HBc+positive anti-HBe.
- Hepatitis B Antigens /
- Seroconversion /
- Forecasting

HTML全文

为使作者了解本刊的编辑出版计划，及时惠赐稿件，《临床肝胆病杂志》编委会确定了2024年1～11期“重点号”选题及各期执行主编：

1期肝血管病诊疗新进展.......................................................................................................... 诸葛宇征

2期人工肝治疗的临床实践与研究进展........................................................................................... 韩涛

3期关注慢性HBV感染与代谢功能障碍........................................................................................... 李婕

4期丙型肝炎病毒感染的消除...................................................................................................... 陈红松

5期特殊人群乙型肝炎再认识...................................................................................................... 窦晓光

6期肝胆胰疾病病理诊断............................................................................................................. 滕晓东

7期转移性肝癌治疗进展............................................................................................................. 陈进宏

8期中草药相关肝损伤的基础与临床研究进展 .............................................................................刘成海

9期肝细胞癌转化治疗................................................................................................................ 蔡建强

10期脂肪肝中医药治疗进展....................................................................................................... 李秀惠

11期消除乙型肝炎病毒母婴传播................................................................................................. 侯金林

为本刊重点号的投稿请注明“***重点号投稿”字样。

对于围绕重点号选题的文章，本刊将择优优先发表。欢迎广大作者踊跃投稿。

《临床肝胆病杂志》编辑部

2024年3月25日

图 1 最优预测因子的Lasso回归分析筛选

Figure 1. Lasso regression analysis of the optimal predictors

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 各项预测因子的ROC曲线

Figure 2. ROC curve of each predictor

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 基于抗-HBe+抗-HBs的HBeAg血清学转换列线图预测模型

Figure 3. HBeAg seroconversion nomogram prediction model based on anti-HBe + anti-HBs

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

注：a，模型区分度(ROC曲线)；b，准确度(校准曲线)；c，模型检测效能(决策曲线)；d，稳定度(加强Bootstrap检验)。

图 4 基于抗-HBe+抗-HBs的预测模型的区分度、准确度、检测效能和稳定度曲线

Figure 4. The discrimination, accuracy, detection efficiency and stability curves of the prediction model based on anti-HBe+anti-HBs

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 不同乙型肝炎血清学指标模式患者各指标水平比较

Table 1. Comparison of the level of each index in patients with different modes of hepatitis B

指标	HBsAg阴性组(n=1 162)	小三阳组(n=3 917)	大三阳+抗- HBe阳性组(n=150)	大三阳+抗- HBs阳性组(n=21)	大三阳组(n=805)	统计值	P值
性别(例)						χ²=17.316	0.001 7
男	620	2301	93	11	497
女	542	1616	57	10	308
年龄(岁)	48.0(38.0~55.0)	47.0(37.0~54.0)	41.0(31.5~49.0)	48.0(33.5~60.0)	33.0(28.0~43.0)	H=479.634	< 0.01
HBV DNA(log₁₀ IU/mL)	0.0	0.0(0.0~3.2)	0.0(0.0~4.5)	5.1(2.2~6.5)	3.2(0.0~7.5)	H=958.469	< 0.01
HBsAg(IU/mL)	0.0	170.6(21.9~691.2)	1 104.8(527.1~2 273.3)	621.1(51.2~2 500.0)	2 500.0(666.3~2 500.0)	H=3 467.578	< 0.01
抗-HBs(mIU/mL)	38.0(3.1~291.3)	0.3(0.1~0.5)	0.2(0.1~0.5)	19.1(14.2~37.2)	0.2(0.1~0.5)	H=2 107.538	< 0.01
HBeAg(COI)	0.0¹⁾	0.0¹⁾	3.7(1.9~8.9)¹⁾	279.4(10.8~1 161.9)¹⁾	337.3(11.25~4 861.8)	H=4 652.619	< 0.01
抗-HBe(Inh%)	63.4(52.6~87.2)	99.9(98.3~100.0)	58.2(54.0~64.6)	0.5(0.0~22.8)	0.0(0.0~35.3)	H=3 500.625	< 0.01
抗-HBc(COI)	22.0(5.2~103.9)	539.9(302.4~718.2)	477.6(315.3~611.8)	545.3(289.9~638.1)	316.4(153.9~506.9)	H=2 098.947	< 0.01
注：与大三阳组比较，1)P < 0.01。

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 发生HBeAg血清学转换的大三阳+抗-HBe阳性患者的单因素及多因素回归分析

Table 2. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis of coexistence of HBeAg and HBeAb with HBeAg Seroconversion

因素	单因素回归分析		多因素回归分析
因素	OR (95%CI)	P值	OR (95%CI)	P值
性别	1.210(0.360~4.065)	0.758		0.290
年龄(岁)	1.019(0.971~1.070)	0.446		0.129
AFP(ng/mL)	0.772(0.413~1.444)	0.417		0.928
HBV DNA(log₁₀ IU/mL)	0.999(0.999~1.000)	0.999		0.999
HBsAg(IU/mL)	0.999(0.998~1.000)	0.420		0.237
抗-HBs(mIU/mL)	1.090(0.823~1.443)	0.549		0.609
抗-HBe(Inh%)	1.012(0.982~1.042)	0.440	1.218(1.041~1.424)	0.014
抗-HBc(COI)	1.001(0.997~1.002)	0.745		0.455
DBil(μmol/L)	0.989(0.948~1.032)	0.608		0.403
IBil(μmol/L)	0.992(0.923~1.066)	0.818		0.309
TBil(μmol/L)	0.994(0.968~1.021)	0.670		0.451
Alb(g/L)	1.041(0.923~1.174)	0.514		0.733
A/G	0.609(0.087~4.249)	0.617		0.166
Glo(g/L)	1.079(0.950~1.225)	0.243		0.308
TP(g/L)	1.048(0.966~1.137)	0.263		0.693
ALT(U/L)	0.998(0.994~1.002)	0.340		0.226
AST(U/L)	0.996(0.987~1.006)	0.456		0.183
GGT(U/L)	0.998(0.990~1.006)	0.667		0.676
ALP(U/L)	1.001(0.975~1.025)	0.997		0.956

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(36)

[1]	DUAN MX, GU YN, YU MC, et al. Reasons and clinical significance of HBeAg and anti-HBe double positive in patients with chronic hepatitis B[J]. Chin J Nosocomiology, 2017, 27(19): 4332-4335. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZHYY201719004.htm 段梦夕, 谷娅楠, 于淼琛, 等. 慢性乙型肝炎患者HBeAg与抗-HBe双阳性的原因与临床意义[J]. 中华医院感染学杂志, 2017, 27(19): 4332-4335. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZHYY201719004.htm
[2]	Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Medical Association; Chinese Society of Hepatology, Chinese Medical Association. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of chronic hepatitis B (version 2019)[J]. J Clin Hepatol, 2019, 35(12): 2648-2669. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2019.12.007. 中华医学会感染病学分会, 中华医学会肝病学分会. 慢性乙型肝炎防治指南(2019年版)[J]. 临床肝胆病杂志, 2019, 35(12): 2648-2669. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2019.12.007.
[3]	GU ZY, WANG AH, HE WC, et al. Influencing factors for HBeAg seroconversion in patients with chronic hepatitis B[J]. J Clin Hepatol, 2022, 38(11): 2581-2585. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2022.11.029. 顾子杨, 王安辉, 何文昌, 等. 慢性乙型肝炎患者HBeAg血清学转换影响因素的研究进展[J]. 临床肝胆病杂志, 2022, 38(11): 2581-2585. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2022.11.029.
[4]	YAO CC, LEE CM, HUNG CH, et al. Combining age and HBsAg level predicts post-treatment durability of nucleos(t)ide analogue-induced HBeAg seroconversion[J]. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2015, 30(5): 918-924. DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12874.
[5]	GISH RG, CHANG TT, LAI CL, et al. Quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen analysis in hepatitis B e antigen-positive nucleoside-naive patients treated with entecavir[J]. Antivir Ther, 2013, 18(5): 691-698. DOI: 10.3851/IMP2559.
[6]	ZOULIM F, CAROSI G, GREENBLOOM S, et al. Quantification of HBsAg in nucleos(t)ide-naïve patients treated for chronic hepatitis B with entecavir with or without tenofovir in the BE-LOW study[J]. J Hepatol, 2015, 62(1): 56-63. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.08.031.
[7]	YANG SC, LU SN, LEE CM, et al. Combining the HBsAg decline and HBV DNA levels predicts clinical outcomes in patients with spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion[J]. Hepatol Int, 2013, 7(2): 489-499. DOI: 10.1007/s12072-012-9382-3.
[8]	GENG MF, LI YX, GAO FY, et al. A scoring model predicts hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with nucleos(t)ide analogs: Real-world clinical practice[J]. Int J Infect Dis, 2017, 62: 18-25. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2017.06.016.
[9]	WANG Y, LIAO H, DENG Z, et al. Serum HBV RNA predicts HBeAg clearance and seroconversion in patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with nucleos(t)ide analogues[J]. J Viral Hepat, 2022, 29(6): 420-431. DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13671.
[10]	WANG B, CAREY I, BRUCE M, et al. HBsAg and HBcrAg as predictors of HBeAg seroconversion in HBeAg-positive patients treated with nucleos(t)ide analogues[J]. J Viral Hepat, 2018, 25(8): 886-893. DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12889.
[11]	HUANG YJ, CHANG CS, PENG YC, et al. On-treatment HBV DNA level could predict HBeAg seroclearance in patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B with entecavir therapy[J]. J Chin Med Assoc, 2017, 80(6): 341-346. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcma.2016.12.005.
[12]	PENG CY, HSIEH TC, HSIEH TY, et al. HBV-DNA level at 6 months of entecavir treatment predicts HBeAg loss in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients[J]. J Formos Med Assoc, 2015, 114(4): 308-313. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2013.10.023.
[13]	JI X, XIA MY, ZHOU B, et al. Serum hepatitis B virus RNA levels predict HBeAg seroconversion and virological response in chronic hepatitis B patients with high viral load treated with nucleos(t)ide analog[J]. Infect Drug Resist, 2020, 13: 1881-1888. DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S252994.
[14]	ZHANG M, LI GD, SHANG J, et al. Rapidly decreased HBV RNA predicts responses of pegylated interferons in HBeAg-positive patients: A longitudinal cohort study[J]. Hepatol Int, 2020, 14(2): 212-224. DOI: 10.1007/s12072-020-10015-3.
[15]	WANG Y, LIAO H, DENG ZP, et al. Serum HBV RNA predicts HBeAg clearance and seroconversion in patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with nucleos(t)ide analogues[J]. J Viral Hepat, 2022, 29(6): 420-431. DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13671.
[16]	LUO H, ZHANG XX, CAO LH, et al. Serum hepatitis B virus RNA is a predictor of HBeAg seroconversion and virological response with entecavir treatment in chronic hepatitis B patients[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2019, 25(6): 719-728. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i6.719.
[17]	JIA W, ZHU MQ, QI X, et al. Serum hepatitis B virus RNA levels as a predictor of HBeAg seroconversion during treatment with peginterferon alfa-2a[J]. Virol J, 2019, 16(1): 61. DOI: 10.1186/s12985-019-1152-6.
[18]	ZHAO XG, WANG J, LIU JC, et al. Baseline serum hepatitis B core antibody level predicts HBeAg seroconversion in patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B after antiviral treatment[J]. Antiviral Res, 2021, 193: 105146. DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105146.
[19]	WANG CT, ZHANG YF, SUN BH, et al. Models for predicting hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion in response to interferon-α in chronic hepatitis B patients[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2015, 21(18): 5668-5676. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i18.5668.
[20]	FAN R, SUN J, YUAN Q, et al. Baseline quantitative hepatitis B core antibody titre alone strongly predicts HBeAg seroconversion across chronic hepatitis B patients treated with peginterferon or nucleos(t)ide analogues[J]. Gut, 2016, 65(2): 313-320. DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308546.
[21]	CAI SH, LI ZD, YU T, et al. Serum hepatitis B core antibody levels predict HBeAg seroconversion in chronic hepatitis B patients with high viral load treated with nucleos(t)ide analogs[J]. Infect Drug Resist, 2018, 11: 469-477. DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S163038.
[22]	FU XH, LOU HB, CHEN F, et al. Hepatitis B core antibody and liver stiffness measurements predict HBeAg seroconversion in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients with minimally elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels[J]. Clin Exp Med, 2020, 20(2): 241-248. DOI: 10.1007/s10238-019-00603-5.
[23]	XU WZ, TONG YQ, LI Y. Comparison of Roche Elecsys and Sysmex HISCL immunoassays for the screening of common blood-borne pathogens[J]. Ann Transl Med, 2019, 7(14): 300. DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.05.83.
[24]	WIJAYA RS, READ SA, TRUONG NR, et al. HBV vaccination and HBV infection induces HBV-specific natural killer cell memory[J]. Gut, 2021, 70(2): 357-369. DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319252.
[25]	TSUKUDA S, WATASHI K. Hepatitis B virus biology and life cycle[J]. Antiviral Res, 2020, 182: 104925. DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104925.
[26]	KEENAN BP, FONG L, KELLEY RK. Immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: The complex interface between inflammation, fibrosis, and the immune response[J]. J Immunother Cancer, 2019, 7(1): 267. DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0749-z.
[27]	CHEN T, ZHU L, SHI AC, et al. Functional restoration of CD56^bright NK cells facilitates immune control via IL-15 and NKG2D in patients under antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis B[J]. Hepatol Int, 2017, 11(5): 419-428. DOI: 10.1007/s12072-017-9803-4.
[28]	HU X, MA S, HUANG X, et al. Interleukin-21 is upregulated in hepatitis B-related acute-on-chronic liver failure and associated with severity of liver disease[J]. J Viral Hepat, 2011, 18(7): 458-467. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2011.01475.x.
[29]	YANG JZ, SHENG GP, XIAO DS, et al. The frequency and skewed T-cell receptor beta-chain variable patterns of peripheral CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T-cells are associated with hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion of chronic hepatitis B patients during antiviral treatment[J]. Cell Mol Immunol, 2016, 13(5): 678-687. DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2015.100.
[30]	XIA J, HUANG R, CHEN YX, et al. Profiles of serum soluble programmed death-1 and programmed death-ligand 1 levels in chronic hepatitis B virus-infected patients with different disease phases and after anti-viral treatment[J]. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2020, 51(11): 1180-1187. DOI: 10.1111/apt.15732.
[31]	AN X, LIU SH, XIA LN, et al. Efficacy and clinical outcomes of different antiviral regimens in HBeAg/HBeAb double-positive patients with chronic hepatitis B[J]. J Army Med Univ, 2022, 44(2): 162-167. DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202107114. 安选, 刘书宏, 夏莉娜, 等. HBeAg/HBeAb双阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者不同抗病毒方案疗效及临床转归分析[J]. 陆军军医大学学报, 2022, 44(2): 162-167. DOI: 10.16016/j.2097-0927.202107114.
[32]	LUO L, ZHANG TC, LIU SG. Clinical characteristics of chronic hepatitis B patients with both HBeAg and HBeAb positive[J]. J Mol Diagn Ther, 2019, 11(5): 387-390, 433. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6929.2019.05.011. 罗琳, 张廷超, 刘书刚. HBeAg与抗-HBe双阳性的慢性乙型肝炎患者临床特征分析[J]. 分子诊断与治疗杂志, 2019, 11(5): 387-390, 433. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6929.2019.05.011.
[33]	WANG H, WANG HP, QIAN LY, et al. Maternal breast feeding safety of hepatitis B virus carrying parturient women with hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B e antigen double positive[J]. Chin J Infect Dis, 2020, 38(1): 44-48. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1000-6680.2020.01.006. 王虹, 王红萍, 钱琳妍, 等. 乙型肝炎表面抗原和乙型肝炎e抗原双阳性的乙型肝炎病毒携带产妇进行母乳喂养的安全性[J]. 中华传染病杂志, 2020, 38(1): 44-48. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1000-6680.2020.01.006.
[34]	KAO JH, CHEN PJ, LAI MY, et al. Hepatitis B virus genotypes and spontaneous hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion in Taiwanese hepatitis B carriers[J]. J Med Virol, 2004, 72(3): 363-369. DOI: 10.1002/jmv.10534.
[35]	SHIMAKAWA Y, LEMOINE M, NJAI HF, et al. Natural history of chronic HBV infection in West Africa: A longitudinal population-based study from The Gambia[J]. Gut, 2016, 65(12): 2007-2016. DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309892.
[36]	KRAMVIS A, KOSTAKI EG, HATZAKIS A, et al. Immunomodulatory function of HBeAg related to short-sighted evolution, transmissibility, and clinical manifestation of hepatitis B virus[J]. Front Microbiol, 2018, 9: 2521. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02521.