两种超声内镜引导下食管旁曲张静脉穿刺组织胶选择性封闭术的疗效及安全性比较
DOI: 10.12449/JCH260918
Efficacy and safety of two endoscopic ultrasound‑guided techniques for paraesophageal variceal puncture and selective tissue adhesive sealing: A comparative study
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摘要:
目的 比较两种超声内镜(EUS)引导下血管靶向栓塞技术在食管胃静脉曲张出血(EGVB)二级预防中的应用价值,明确主干靶向栓塞的临床优势。 方法 回顾性分析2023年4月—2024年7月首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院收治的59例GOV型EGVB二级预防患者临床资料,按术式分为EUS引导下穿通支/来源血管远端靶向治疗(EUS-PCSS-D/P)组(n=29)与EUS引导下来源血管主干靶向治疗(EUS-PCSS-T)组(n=30)。主要观察再出血率、静脉曲张根除效率及不良事件发生率。计量资料2组间比较采用独立样本t检验或Mann-Whitney U检验,计数资料2组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher精确概率法,亚组分析采用Mann-Whitney U检验,多因素分析采用有序Logistic回归。 结果 2组基线资料比较差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。EUS-PCSS-T组穿刺血管直径显著小于EUS-PCSS-D/P组[(5.39±2.03) mm vs (7.00±2.21) mm,t=3.012,P=0.005);补充内镜下硬化剂注射治疗(EIS)治疗率(40.00% vs 79.31%,χ2=7.521,P=0.006)及聚桂醇用量[(16.08±7.25)mL vs (22.17±6.83)mL,t=2.518,P=0.015]均显著低于EUS-PCSS-D/P组;2组组织胶用量、穿刺点数、治疗费用比较,差异无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。2组食管胃静脉曲张相关及所有原因消化道再出血率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。与EUS-PCSS-D/P组相比,EUS-PCSS-T组食管胃静脉曲张根除所需治疗次数显著更低[2.00(1.25~2.00)次 vs 3.00(2.00~4.00)次,Z=3.872,P<0.001],2次治疗根除率更高(50.00% vs 17.86%,χ2=7.102,P=0.008)、≥3次治疗根除率更低(23.33% vs 71.43%,χ2=15.326,P<0.001)。组内亚组分析显示,既往内镜治疗史、补充EIS均不影响食管胃静脉曲张消退所需治疗次数(P值均>0.05);有序Logistic回归显示,治疗分组是食管胃静脉曲张消退治疗次数的独立影响因素(比值比=0.32,95%置信区间:0.15~0.68,P=0.007)。2组不良事件发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05),EUS-PCSS-T组无异位栓塞发生。 结论 EUS-PCSS-T术式可显著提升GOV型食管胃静脉曲张根除效率、减少治疗次数,疗效不受既往内镜治疗史及补充EIS影响,安全性良好。 -
关键词:
- 食管和胃静脉曲张 /
- 内窥镜检查, 胃肠道 /
- 腔内超声检查 /
- 栓塞, 治疗性 /
- 二级预防
Abstract:Objective To compare the application value of two endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided targeted vascular embolization techniques in secondary prevention of esophagogastric variceal bleeding (EGVB), and to clarify the clinical advantages of targeted main trunk embolization. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for 59 patients who were admitted to Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, from April 2023 to July 2024 and received secondary prevention of gastroesophageal varices (GOV)-type EGVB, and according to the surgical procedure, they were divided into EUS-PCSS targeting the distal segment of the source vessel or perforating branch vessels (EUS-PCSS-D/P) group with 29 patients and EUS-PCSS targeting the source vascular trunk (EUS-PCSS-T) group with 30 patients. The two groups were observed in terms of rebleeding rate, variceal eradication efficiency, and the incidence rate of adverse events. The t-test or the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups, and the chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups; the Mann-Whitney U test was used for subgroup analysis, and ordinal Logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis. Results There were no significant differences in baseline data between the two groups (all P>0.05). Compared with the EUS-PCSS-D/P group, the EUS-PCSS-T group had a significantly smaller diameter of punctured vessels (5.39±2.03 mm vs 7.00±2.21 mm, t=3.012, P=0.005), a significantly lower treatment rate of supplementary endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) (40.00% vs 79.31%, χ2=7.521, P=0.006), and a significantly lower amount of lauromacrogol used (16.08±7.25 mL vs 22.17±6.83 mL, t=2.518, P=0.015), and there were no significant differences between the two groups in the amount of tissue adhesive used, the number of puncture sites, and treatment costs (all P>0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in rates of GOV-related and all-cause gastrointestinal rebleeding (all P>0.05). Compared with the EUS-PCSS-D/P group, the EUS-PCSS-T group had a significantly lower number of treatment sessions required for GOV eradication (2.00 [1.25 — 2.00] vs 3.00 [2.00 — 4.00], Z=3.872, P<0.001), with a higher two-session eradication rate (50.00% vs 17.86%, χ2=7.102, P=0.008) and a lower eradication rate for three or more sessions (23.33% vs 71.43%, χ2=15.326, P<0.001). The subgroup analysis showed that history of endoscopic treatment and supplementary EIS did not affect the number of treatment sessions required for GOV regression (all P>0.05), and the ordinal Logistic regression analysis showed that treatment grouping was an independent influencing factor for the number of treatment sessions required for GOV regression (odds ratio=0.32, 95% confidence interval: 0.15 — 0.68, P=0.007). There was no significant difference in the incidence rate of adverse events between the two groups (P>0.05), and no ectopic embolism was observed in the EUS-PCSS-T group. Conclusion The EUS-PCSS-T procedure can significantly improve the eradication efficiency of GOV and reduce the number of treatment sessions; its efficacy is not affected by history of endoscopic treatment or supplementary EIS therapy, and it has a favorable safety profile. -
注: a,GOV-1型患者治疗前食管静脉曲张重度,红色征明显;b,该患者治疗前胃底静脉曲张重度;c,EUS多普勒血流成像显示曲张静脉来源血管(胃冠状静脉)血流速度10~15 cm/s;d,使用EUS-PCSS-T方法穿刺曲张静脉来源支主干血管;e,组织胶注射后血管内见高回声铸型,多普勒超声探测显示血管内血流信号消失;f,治疗后普通内镜观察胃底曲张静脉较前明显减轻,穿刺点仅少量出血;g,治疗后普通内镜观察食管曲张静脉较前塌陷,部分血管内可见蓝色聚桂醇及白色组织胶填充;h,普通胃镜下补充硬化剂注射治疗后食管曲张静脉明显塌陷、聚桂醇填充;i,术前腹部增强计算机体层成像评估EUS引导下曲张静脉来源血管穿刺部位(红色箭头所示);j,计算机体层成像门静脉血管三维重建显示来源血管穿刺部位(白色箭头所示)。EUS,超声内镜;EUS-PCSS-T,超声内镜引导下来源血管主干靶向治疗。
图 1 EUS-PCSS-T穿刺部位及治疗前、后效果对比
Figure 1. Puncture site and comparison of therapeutic effects before and after EUS-PCSS-T treatment
表 1 2组患者基线特征比较
Table 1. Comparison of baseline characteristics of patients between the two groups
指标 EUS-PCSS-D/P组(n=29) EUS-PCSS-T组(n=30) 统计值 P值 年龄(岁) 55.41±12.92 58.37±11.85 t=0.912 0.364 男性[例(%)] 19(65.52) 15(50.00) χ2=1.437 0.228 肝硬化所致门静脉高压[例(%)] 29(100.00) 29(96.67) >0.05 肝硬化病因[例(%)] 0.381 乙型肝炎 17(58.62) 15(51.72) 丙型肝炎 1(3.45) 0(0.00) 酒精性肝病 5(17.24) 1(3.45) 自身免疫性肝病 2(6.90) 7(24.14) 非酒精性脂肪性肝病 1(3.45) 1(3.45) 药物相关性肝病 0(0.00) 1(3.45) 隐源性肝病 3(10.34) 4(13.79) MELD评分(分) 7.31±5.06 5.80±4.36 t=0.968 0.336 首次内镜治疗[例(%)] 10(34.48) 9(30.00) χ2=0.136 0.712 注:MELD,终末期肝病模型;EUS-PCSS-D/P,超声内镜引导下穿通支/来源血管远端靶向治疗;EUS-PCSS-T,超声内镜引导下来源血管主干靶向治疗。
表 2 2组患者内镜下特征与手术参数比较
Table 2. Comparison of endoscopic features and surgical parameters between the two groups
指标 EUS-PCSS-D/P组(n=29) EUS-PCSS-T组(n=30) 统计值 P值 近期出血[例(%)] 22(75.86) 21(70.00) χ2=0.254 0.613 急性出血[例(%)] 0(0.00) 1(3.33) >0.05 静脉曲张最粗直径(mm) 8.00(6.50~10.00) 7.00(6.00~8.50) Z=1.096 0.275 穿刺血管直径(mm) 7.00±2.21 5.39±2.03 t=3.012 0.005 CYA使用量(mL) 2.00(1.50~2.00) 2.00(1.38~3.00) Z=1.417 0.157 穿刺点数(个) 2.00(2.00~2.00) 2.00(2.00~3.25) Z=1.443 0.163 补充EIS[例(%)] 23(79.31) 12(40.00) χ2=7.521 0.006 补充EIS聚桂醇用量(mL) 22.17±6.83 16.08±7.25 t=2.518 0.015 内镜治疗费用(元) 9 678.36(7 903.60~10 314.99) 9 643.96(7 920.84~11 513.11) Z=1.901 0.281 注:CYA,氰基丙烯酸酯;EIS,内镜下硬化剂注射治疗;EUS-PCSS-D/P,超声内镜引导下穿通支/来源血管远端靶向治疗;EUS-PCSS-T,超声内镜引导下来源血管主干靶向治疗。
表 3 2组患者治疗效果比较
Table 3. Comparison of therapeutic effects between the two groups
指标 EUS-PCSS-D/P组(n=29) EUS-PCSS-T组(n=30) 统计值 P值 食管胃静脉曲张相关再出血[例(%)] 总体再出血 7(24.14) 4(13.33) χ2=1.135 0.287 早期再出血 2(6.90) 0(0.00) 0.492 晚期再出血 5(17.86)1) 4(13.33) 0.735 所有原因消化道再出血[例(%)] 总体再出血 9(31.03) 4(13.33) χ2=2.688 0.101 早期再出血 2(6.90) 0(0.00) 0.492 晚期再出血 7(25.00)1) 4(13.33) χ2=1.283 0.257 1次治疗根除[例(%)] 4(14.29)1) 8(26.67) χ2=1.353 0.245 2次治疗根除[例(%)] 5(17.86)1) 15(50.00) χ2=7.102 0.008 ≥3次治疗根除[例(%)] 20(71.43)1) 7(23.33) χ2=15.326 <0.001 根除所需治疗次数(次) 3.00(2.00~4.00) 2.00(1.25~2.00) Z=3.872 <0.001 注:1)1例患者因在评估前死亡,未纳入疗效分析。EUS-PCSS-D/P,超声内镜引导下穿通支/来源血管远端靶向治疗;EUS-PCSS-T,超声内镜引导下来源血管主干靶向治疗。
表 4 既往内镜治疗史对食管胃静脉曲张消退所需治疗次数影响的亚组分析
Table 4. Subgroup analysis of the effect of prior endoscopic therapy history on the number of treatments required for GOV obliteration
治疗方案 既往内镜治疗史 例数(%) 食管胃静脉曲张消退所需治疗次数 Z值 P值 EUS-PCSS-D/P(n=29) 首次治疗 10(34.48) 3(2~3) 0.136 0.892 非首次治疗 19(65.52) 3(2~3) EUS-PCSS-T(n=30) 首次治疗 9(30.00) 2(1~2) 0.300 0.764 非首次治疗 21(70.00) 2(1~3) 注:EUS-PCSS-D/P,超声内镜引导下穿通支/来源血管远端靶向治疗;EUS-PCSS-T,超声内镜引导下来源血管主干靶向治疗。
表 5 补充EIS对食管胃静脉曲张消退所需治疗次数影响的单因素分析
Table 5. Univariate analysis of the effect of supplemental EIS on the number of treatments required for GOV obliteration
治疗方案 补充EIS 例数(%) 食管胃静脉曲张消退所需治疗次数 Z值 P值 EUS-PCSS-D/P(n=29) 是 23(79.31) 3(2~3) 0.452 0.651 否 6(20.69) 3(2~3) EUS-PCSS-T(n=30) 是 12(40.00) 2(1~2) 0.289 0.772 否 18(60.00) 2(1~2) 注:EUS-PCSS-D/P组中未补充EIS的例数较少(n=6),该亚组比较的统计效能有限。EIS,内镜下硬化剂注射治疗;EUS-PCSS-D/P,超声内镜引导下穿通支/来源血管远端靶向治疗;EUS-PCSS-T,超声内镜引导下来源血管主干靶向治疗。
表 6 2组患者不良事件发生率比较
Table 6. Comparison of the incidence of adverse events between the two groups
事件类型 EUS-PCSS-D/
P组(n=29)EUS-PCSS-
T组(n=30)P值 所有不良事件[例(%)] 3(10.34) 2(6.67) 0.671 治疗相关不良事件[例(%)] 2(6.90) 2(6.67) >0.05 排胶溃疡出血 1(3.45) 0(0.00) 0.492 一过性腹痛 0(0.00) 1(3.33) >0.05 发热(<38.5 ℃) 0(0.00) 1(3.33) >0.05 严重不良事件 1(3.45) 0(0.00) 0.492 注:EUS-PCSS-D/P,超声内镜引导下穿通支/来源血管远端靶向治疗;EUS-PCSS-T,超声内镜引导下来源血管主干靶向治疗。
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