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C反应蛋白对急性失代偿期肝硬化进展为慢加急性肝衰竭的预测价值

杨峰 郭珺 申佳乐 李瑞祺 王曦旋 杨永峰

引用本文:
Citation:

C反应蛋白对急性失代偿期肝硬化进展为慢加急性肝衰竭的预测价值

DOI: 10.12449/JCH260719
基金项目: 

江苏省自然科学基金 (BK20251727)

伦理学声明:本研究方案于2023年12月29日经由南京市第二医院科技伦理委员会审批通过,批号:2023-LS-ky-056。
利益冲突声明:本文不存在任何利益冲突。
作者贡献声明:杨峰负责初稿撰写;郭珺、申佳乐负责文献检索;李瑞祺负责统计分析,修改文章;王曦旋负责文献检索,数据收集,修改文章;杨永峰负责提出研究思路,制定总体研究目标,修改论文。
详细信息
    通信作者:

    杨永峰, yyf1997@163.com (ORCID:0000-0002-3214-0038)

Value of C-reactive protein in predicting the progression of acute decompensation of cirrhosis to acute-on-chronic liver failure

Research funding: 

Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation (BK20251727)

More Information
    Corresponding author: Yang Yongfeng, yyf1997@163.com (ORCID: 0000-0002-3214-0038)
  • 摘要:   目的  探讨C反应蛋白(CRP)水平对肝硬化急性失代偿(AD)患者发病90 d内进展为慢加急性肝衰竭(ACLF)的预测效能,为临床早期识别高危人群提供参考。  方法  回顾性纳入2015年1月—2024年10月于南京市第二医院因AD住院的906例肝硬化患者为研究对象。收集患者入院时的人口学特征、肝硬化AD并发症类型及实验室指标。主要研究终点为入院后90 d内进展为ACLF,根据结果分为非ACLF组(n=676)和ACLF组(n=230)。符合正态分布的计量资料两组间比较采用成组t检验;非正态分布的计量资料两组间比较采用Wilcoxon秩和检验;计数资料两组间比较采用χ2 检验或Fisher精确概率法。采用单因素及多因素Cox比例风险回归模型筛选ACLF的独立预测因素。通过受试者操作特征曲线(ROC曲线)评估CRP及现有评分系统[终末期肝病模型(MELD)评分、蔡尔德-皮尤改良(CTP)评分和慢性肝衰竭联盟急性失代偿(CLIF-C AD)评分]的预测效能,并使用限制性立方样条分析CRP与ACLF风险的非线性关系。通过约登指数确定CRP的最佳预测截断值,并绘制Kaplan-Meier生存曲线进行风险分层,生存分析采用Log-rank检验。  结果  906例肝硬化AD患者中,90 d内ACLF发生率为25.39%。合并(n=264)与未合并(n=642)细菌感染患者90 d内ACLF发生率分别为45.1%、17.3%(χ2=74.791,P<0.001)。906例患者中,312例(34.44%)为pre-ACLF,其中60.58%(n=189)进展为ACLF,显著高于非pre-ACLF组患者的6.90%(41/594)(χ2=310.234,P<0.001)。230例ACLF患者中,102例(44.35%)为stable型,128例(55.65%)为unstable型;stable型和unstable型ACLF患者的CRP比较差异有统计学意义(U=5 234.500,P<0.001)。限制性立方样条分析显示,CRP与ACLF发生风险呈显著非线性关系(P<0.001)。约登指数确定CRP的最佳截断值为10.16 mg/L(敏感度为70.4%,特异度为64.5%)。Kaplan-Meier曲线分析结果显示,CRP≥10.16 mg/L的高危组患者90 d内ACLF无事件生存率显著低于低危组(P<0.001)。多因素Cox回归分析显示,肝硬化AD并发症肝性脑病[风险比(HR)=4.199,95%置信区间(CI):3.056~5.770,P<0.001]、细菌感染(HR=1.826,95%CI:1.356~2.459,P<0.001),以及CRP(≥10.16 mg/L)(HR=2.356,95%CI:1.825~3.047,P<0.001)、白细胞计数(HR=1.021,95%CI:1.002~1.041,P=0.035)、血红蛋白(HR=0.994,95%CI:0.989~0.999,P=0.025)、国际标准化比值(HR=1.657,95%CI:1.372~2.001,P<0.001)、总胆红素(HR=1.003,95%CI:1.002~1.004,P<0.001)、白蛋白(HR=0.956,95%CI:0.926~0.986,P=0.004)、肌酐(HR=1.005,95%CI:1.004~1.006,P<0.001)、血钠(HR=0.976,95%CI:0.956~0.997,P=0.025)、乳酸脱氢酶(HR=1.001,95%CI:1.001~1.002,P<0.001)均是患者90 d内进展为ACLF的独立预测因子。ROC曲线分析显示,单独CRP预测ACLF的AUC为0.724(95% CI:0.685~0.763),CRP+MELD评分预测效能最优(AUC=0.870,95% CI:0.843~0.898),CRP+CTP评分AUC为0.852(95% CI:0.823~0.881),CRP+CLIF-C AD评分AUC为0.845(95% CI:0.812~0.877),整合后的模型效能均显著提升(P<0.05)。  结论  入院时血清CRP水平是肝硬化AD患者90 d内进展为ACLF的独立预测因子。CRP≥10.16 mg/L可作为高危患者的简易识别阈值。将CRP纳入现有评估体系,有助于提升对ACLF高危患者的早期识别能力,为临床干预提供参考。

     

  • 图  1  本研究纳入研究对象筛选流程图

    Figure  1.  Flowchart of enrollment and screening of study subjects in this study

    注: CRP,C反应蛋白;ACLF,慢加急性肝衰竭。

    图  2  使用限制性立方样条分析CRP与ACLF的关系

    Figure  2.  Restricted cubic spline plot showing the non-linear association between CRP and ACLF

    注: a,不同CRP截断值预测90 d ACLF发生的约登指数;b,ACLF无事件生存率的Kaplan-Meier曲线。CRP,C反应蛋白;ACLF,慢加急性肝衰竭。

    图  3  CRP阈值的确定和验证

    Figure  3.  Determination and validation of the CRP threshold

    注: CRP,C反应蛋白;MELD评分,终末期肝病模型评分;CLIF-C AD评分,慢性肝衰竭联盟急性失代偿评分;CTP评分,蔡尔德-皮尤改良评分;AUC,曲线下面积;CI,置信区间。

    图  4  传统模型和C反应蛋白调整模型的受试者操作特征曲线比较

    Figure  4.  Comparison of receiver operating characteristic curves between the traditional model and the C-reactive protein adjusted model

    表  1  两组患者的基线特征

    Table  1.   Baseline characteristics of patients in the two groups

    项目 非ACLF组(n=676) ACLF组(n=230) 统计值 P
    年龄(岁) 57.00(49.00~65.00) 56.00(47.00~68.00) Z=0.242 0.809
    性别[例(%)] χ2=7.019 0.008
    413(61.09) 163(70.87)
    263(38.91) 67(29.13)
    肝硬化病因[例(%)] χ2=16.979 0.002
    病毒 406(60.06) 139(60.43)
    酒精 83(12.28) 49(21.30)
    自身免疫 92(13.61) 20(8.70)
    代谢障碍 20(2.96) 2(0.87)
    其他 75(11.09) 20(8.70)
    肝硬化AD并发症类型[例(%)]
    胸腔积液 30(4.44) 7(3.04) χ2=0.533 0.465
    腹水 436(64.50) 123(53.48) χ2=8.357 0.004
    肝性脑病 29(4.29) 106(46.09) χ2=112.048 <0.001
    食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血 114(16.86) 20(8.70) χ2=8.449 0.004
    细菌感染 145(21.45) 119(51.74) χ2=74.791 <0.001
    既往AD[例(%)] χ2=17.110 <0.001
    208(30.77) 106(46.09)
    468(69.23) 124(53.91)
    既往脾切病史[例(%)] χ2=0.269 0.604
    78(11.54) 23(10.00)
    598(88.46) 207(90.00)
    C反应蛋白(mg/L) 7.24(3.08~15.60) 18.96(8.95~46.81) Z=10.177 <0.001
    白细胞(×109/L) 4.04(2.76~5.67) 6.69(4.25~10.08) Z=9.962 <0.001
    中性粒细胞百分比(%) 61.55(52.05~71.70) 74.55(63.73~82.50) Z=9.550 <0.001
    血红蛋白(g/L) 111.00(92.00~127.00) 97.00(81.25~117.00) Z=5.183 <0.001
    血小板(×1012/L) 69.00(46.75~108.00) 68.00(41.25~110.50) Z=0.826 0.409
    凝血酶原时间(s) 15.00(13.60~16.70) 20.50(16.23~25.18) Z=14.078 <0.001
    国际标准化比值 1.34(1.21~1.48) 1.84(1.44~2.25) Z=13.977 <0.001
    总胆红素(μmol/L) 29.50(17.50~57.35) 215.60(63.08~373.20) Z=14.847 <0.001
    白蛋白(g/L) 32.30(28.70~35.70) 29.25(26.10~32.18) Z=8.083 <0.001
    丙氨酸氨基转移酶(U/L) 29.60(18.60~48.40) 39.75(23.10~84.97) Z=5.309 <0.001
    天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(U/L) 40.00(27.38~67.60) 71.60(36.28~124.97) Z=7.709 <0.001
    γ-谷氨酰转移酶(U/L) 54.95(26.00~110.98) 62.00(28.50~124.40) Z=0.682 0.495
    碱性磷酸酶(U/L) 112.85(83.30~154.53) 126.65(91.10~173.02) Z=2.919 0.004
    肌酐(mg/L) 64.00(54.00~75.25) 86.00(59.25~153.75) Z=8.240 <0.001
    血尿素氮(mmol/L) 4.87(3.90~6.36) 8.41(4.52~14.79) Z=8.589 <0.001
    钠(mmol/L) 140.40(137.90~142.20) 136.05(132.07~139.62) Z=10.683 <0.001
    乳酸脱氢酶(U/L) 209.00(170.00~253.00) 241.13(182.25~317.75) Z=5.102 <0.001
    乳酸(mmol/L) 2.80(2.40~3.16) 3.02(2.51~3.62) Z=4.052 <0.001
    葡萄糖(mmol/L) 5.05(4.53~6.13) 5.08(4.50~6.18) Z=0.059 0.953
    尿酸(μmol/L) 280.50(212.00~375.00) 287.00(177.50~411.50) Z=0.473 0.636
    MELD评分(分) 9.07(5.76~13.22) 20.29(13.49~24.26) Z=15.940 <0.001
    CLIF-C AD评分(分) 42.20(36.90~47.71) 56.19(48.87~63.37) Z=15.375 <0.001
    CTP评分(分) 7.00(6.00~8.00) 10.00(8.25~11.00) Z=14.841 <0.001

    注:AD,急性失代偿;MELD评分,终末期肝病模型评分;CLIF-C AD,慢性肝衰竭联盟急性失代偿评分;CTP评分,蔡尔德-皮尤改良评分。

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  单因素和多因素Cox回归分析

    Table  2.   Univariate and multivariate Cox regression

    变量 单因素分析 多因素分析
    HR(95%CI P HR(95%CI P
    腹水 0.660(0.509~0.855) 0.002
    肝性脑病 6.135(4.610~8.166) <0.001 4.199(3.056~5.770) <0.001
    食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血 0.517(0.327~0.818) 0.005
    细菌感染 3.093(2.387~4.008) <0.001 1.826(1.356~2.459) <0.001
    既往肝硬化急性失代偿 1.760(1.358~2.281) <0.001
    C反应蛋白(≥10.16 mg/L) 3.250(2.520~4.180) <0.001 2.356(1.825~3.047) <0.001
    白细胞计数 1.049(1.039~1.060) <0.001 1.021(1.002~1.041) 0.035
    中性粒细胞百分比 1.050(1.039~1.060) <0.001
    血红蛋白 0.989(0.984~0.993) <0.001 0.994(0.989~0.999) 0.025
    凝血酶原时间 1.117(1.105~1.130) <0.001
    国际标准化比值 3.498(3.072~3.984) <0.001 1.657(1.372~2.001) <0.001
    总胆红素 1.005(1.004~1.006) <0.001 1.003(1.002~1.004) <0.001
    白蛋白 0.894(0.871~0.917) <0.001 0.956(0.926~0.986) 0.004
    丙氨酸氨基转移酶 1.001(1.000~1.001) <0.001
    天冬氨酸氨基转移酶 1.002(1.001~1.002) <0.001
    碱性磷酸酶 1.001(1.000~1.002) 0.010
    肌酐 1.005(1.004~1.006) <0.001 1.005(1.004~1.006) <0.001
    血尿素氮 1.018(1.014~1.023) <0.001
    血钠 0.959(0.950~0.967) <0.001 0.976(0.956~0.997) 0.025
    乳酸脱氢酶 1.002(1.001~1.002) <0.001 1.001(1.001~1.002) <0.001
    乳酸 1.015(1.004~1.026) 0.006
    下载: 导出CSV
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