高血糖环境下Yes相关蛋白1和人类胶原蛋白Ⅵ α1链在胰腺癌中的表达水平及其对患者预后的影响

廖嘉华; 黄雪桓; 李若涵; 唐曦平; 秦雯

doi:10.12449/JCH260519

高血糖环境下Yes相关蛋白1和人类胶原蛋白Ⅵ α1链在胰腺癌中的表达水平及其对患者预后的影响

DOI: 10.12449/JCH260519

1.
广西医科大学附属武鸣医院病理科，南宁 530199
2.
广西医科大学第一附属医院病理科，南宁 530021
3.
广西医科大学附属肿瘤医院消化内科，南宁 530021

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金 (81860508)

伦理学声明：本研究方案于2018年3月6日经由广西医科大学第一附属医院伦理委员会审批通过，批号：2018-KY-国基-153。动物实验符合实验室动物管理与使用准则。

利益冲突声明：本文不存在任何利益冲突。

作者贡献声明：廖嘉华负责实验设计、操作、实验结果分析以及论文撰写；黄雪桓负责细胞培养及数据分析；李若涵负责模型动物组织样本的实验；唐曦平负责临床数据收集、整理；秦雯负责提供研究基金资助，指导论文撰写并最终审定全文定稿。

详细信息

通信作者:
秦雯， fenglingcao1980@163.com （ORCID： 0009-0002-8282-7388）

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-12-01
- 录用日期: 2026-03-02
- 出版日期: 2026-05-20

Expression levels of Yes-associated protein 1 and human collagen type Ⅵ alpha 1 in pancreatic cancer under hyperglycemic conditions and their impact on prognosis

1.
Department of Pathology，Wuming Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University，Nanning 530199，China
2.
Department of Pathology，The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University，Nanning 530021，China
3.
Department of Gastroenterology，Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital，Nanning 530021，China

Research funding:

National Natural Science Foundation of China (81860508)

More Information

Corresponding author: QIN Wen， fenglingcao1980@163.com （ORCID： 0009-0002-8282-7388）

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨高血糖环境下Yes相关蛋白1（YAP1）和人类胶原蛋白Ⅵ α1链（COL6A1）在胰腺癌中的表达变化及其与预后的关系。方法使用GEPIA数据库及R语言分析YAP1与COL6A1在胰腺癌中的表达水平和相关性，并评估其对胰腺癌患者预后的影响。通过cBioPortal数据库筛选胰腺癌中YAP1和COL6A1的共表达基因，并进行基因本体论（GO）和京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）富集分析。实时定量荧光聚合酶链式反应（qPCR）和蛋白质免疫印迹（WB）法检测高糖环境与正常糖环境中人胰腺癌细胞系PANC-1中YAP1和COL6A1基因及蛋白的表达水平。构建2型糖尿病胰腺癌裸鼠模型，使用免疫组织化学检测裸鼠皮下肿瘤组织中YAP1和COL6A1的表达情况。收集2016年1月—2020年1月广西医科大学第一附属医院、广西医科大学附属肿瘤医院、广西医科大学附属武鸣医院共96例胰腺癌患者的组织标本和临床资料，其中48例胰腺癌合并糖尿病患者纳入研究组，48例单纯胰腺癌患者纳入对照组，使用免疫组织化学法检测两组患者肿瘤组织中YAP1和COL6A1的表达水平并分析其与临床指标、生存预后的关系。计量资料组间比较采用成组t检验，计数资料组间比较采用χ²检验或Mann-Whitney U检验，正态分布连续变量采用Pearson相关性分析，非连续变量或非正态分布采用Spearman相关性分析。采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线，Log-rank检验比较生存率。采用Cox比例风险模型进行单因素及多因素分析。结果 YAP1和COL6A1在胰腺癌中均呈高表达，两者具有强相关性（r=0.85，P<0.001），且与患者不良预后相关（风险比分别为1.8、1.5，P值均<0.05）。YAP1和COL6A1分别与219和122个基因显著相关（r值分别为0.83、0.86，P值均<0.001），GO和KEGG富集分析表明其通过细胞外基质-受体相互作用、Hippo信号通路和磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B信号通路影响胰腺癌的发生和发展。WB和qPCR结果显示，高糖环境下人胰腺癌细胞系PANC-1中YAP1和COL6A1的基因（t值分别为4.726、6.197，P值均<0.05）与蛋白（t值分别为6.826、5.254，P值均<0.05）表达均显著升高。免疫组织化学结果显示，模型组裸鼠皮下肿瘤组织中YAP1和COL6A1的表达显著升高，两者呈正相关（r=0.985，P<0.001）。临床胰腺癌组织标本免疫组织化学显示，YAP1、COL6A1蛋白在研究组中阳性表达上升，两者呈正相关（r=0.882，P<0.001）。临床数据多因素分析显示，淋巴结转移（风险比=0.083，95%置信区间：0.030～0.231）、远处器官转移（风险比=0.166，95%置信区间：0.065～0.420）、YAP1表达量（风险比=2.027，95%置信区间：1.065～3.857）和COL6A1表达量（风险比=2.044，95%置信区间：1.019～4.099）是胰腺癌患者预后的独立影响因素（P值均<0.05）。生存分析显示，YAP1高表达组的2年生存率显著低于YAP1低表达组（6.82% vs 25.00%，χ²=16.382，P<0.001）；COL6A1高表达组的2年生存率显著低于COL6A1低表达组（14.58% vs 18.75%，χ²=4.579，P=0.032）。结论高血糖环境促进YAP1和COL6A1在胰腺癌中高表达，且与患者的不良预后相关。
- 胰腺肿瘤 /
- 高血糖症 /
- Yes相关蛋白1 /
- 人类胶原蛋白Ⅵ α1链
Abstract: Objective To investigate the changes in the expression levels of Yes-associated protein 1 （YAP1） and human collagen type Ⅵ alpha 1 （COL6A1） in pancreatic cancer under hyperglycemic conditions and their association with prognosis. Methods GEPIA database and R software were used to analyze the expression levels of YAP1 and COL6A1 and their correlation in pancreatic cancer， as well as their impact on the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer. The cBioPortal database was used to identify the co-expressed genes of YAP1 and COL6A1 in pancreatic cancer， and the gene ontology （GO） and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） enrichment analyses were performed. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot were used to measure the mRNA and protein expression levels of YAP1 and COL6A1 in human pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells cultured under hyperglycemic or normoglycemic conditions. A nude mouse model of pancreatic cancer with type 2 diabetes was established， and immunohistochemistry was used to measure the expression of YAP1 and COL6A1 in subcutaneous tumor tissue. Clinical specimens and data of 96 patients with pancreatic cancer were collected from January 2016 to January 2020 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University， Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital and Wuming Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University. Among them， 48 patients with pancreatic cancer and diabetes were enrolled as study group， and 48 patients with pancreatic cancer alone were enrolled as control group； immunohistochemistry was used to measure the expression levels of YAP1 and COL6A1 in tissue samples from both groups， and their association with clinical indicators and survival outcomes was analyzed. The t-test was used for comparison of continuous data between groups， and the chi-square test or the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups； the Pearson correlation analysis was used for normally distributed continuous variables， while the Spearman correlation analysis was used for discontinuous variables or non-normally distributed variables. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot survival curves， and the Log-rank test was used for comparison of survival rates. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to perform univariate and multivariate analyses. Results Both YAP1 and COL6A1 were highly expressed in pancreatic cancer， with a strong correlation between them （r=0.85， P<0.001）， and they were associated with the poor prognosis of patients （hazard ratio ［HR］=1.8 and 1.5， both P<0.05）. YAP1 and COL6A1 were significantly correlated with 219 and 122 genes， respectively （r=0.83 and 0.86， both P<0.05）， and the GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that these genes affected the development and progression of pancreatic cancer through extracellular matrix-receptor interaction， the Hippo signaling pathway， and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot showed that there were significant increases in the mRNA and protein expression levels of YAP1 and COL6A1 in human pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells under hyperglycemic conditions （mRNA expression： t=4.726 and 6.197， both P<0.05； protein expression： t=6.826 and 5.254， both P<0.05）. Immunohistochemistry showed that there were significant increases in the expression levels of YAP1 and COL6A1 in subcutaneous tumor tissue of nude mice， with a positive correlation between them （r=0.985， P<0.001）. For the clinical specimens of pancreatic cancer tissue， immunohistochemistry showed that there were significant increases in the positive expression levels of YAP1 and COL6A1 proteins in the study group， with a positive correlation between them （r=0.882， P<0.001）. The multivariate analysis of clinical data showed that lymph node metastasis （HR=0.083， 95% confidence interval ［CI］： 0.030 — 0.231， P<0.05）， distant organ metastasis （HR=0.166， 95%CI： 0.065 — 0.420， P<0.05）， YAP1 expression level （HR=2.027， 95%CI： 1.065 — 3.857， P<0.05）， and COL6A1 expression level （HR=2.044， 95%CI： 1.019 — 4.099， P<0.05） were independent influencing factors for the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer. The survival analysis showed that the high YAP1 expression group had a significantly lower 2-year survival rate than the low YAP1 expression group （6.82% vs 25.00%， χ²=16.382， P<0.001）， and the high COL6A1 expression group had a significantly lower 2-year survival rate than the low COL6A1 expression group （14.58% vs 18.75%， χ²=4.579， P=0.032）. Conclusion The hyperglycemic environment promotes the high expression of YAP1 and COL6A1 in pancreatic cancer， which is associated with poor prognosis in patients.
- Pancreatic Neoplasms /
- Hyperglycemia /
- Yes-Associated Protein 1 /
- Human Collagen Type Ⅵ Alpha 1

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注： a，YAP1基因在PAAD及正常胰腺组织中的表达，*P<0.05；b，COL6A1基因在PAAD及正常胰腺组织中的表达，*P<0.05；c，YAP1和COL6A1基因的表达在PAAD中的相关性；d，YAP1基因表达水平对患者总生存期的影响；e，COL6A1基因表达水平对患者总生存期的影响。YAP1，Yes相关蛋白1；COL6A1，人类胶原蛋白Ⅵ α1链；PAAD，胰腺导管腺癌；HR，风险比。

图 1 YAP1和COL6A1基因在PAAD中的表达、相关性及预后

Figure 1. Expression， correlation， and prognostic value of YAP1 and COL6A1 genes in PAAD

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注： a，PAAD中YAP1与RAB6A表达显著相关（r=0.83，P<0.001），横纵坐标分别表示YAP1与RAB6A的基因表达量；b，PAAD中COL6A1与MRC2表达显著相关（r=0.86，P<0.001），横纵坐标分别表示COL6A1与MRC2的基因表达量；c，YAP1和COL6A1在PAAD中共表达基因的生物过程分析；d，YAP1和COL6A1在PAAD中共表达基因的细胞组分分析；e，YAP1和COL6A1在PAAD中共表达基因的分子功能分析；f，YAP1和COL6A1在PAAD中共表达基因的KEGG通路分析。YAP1，Yes相关蛋白1；COL6A1，人类胶原蛋白Ⅵ α1链；PAAD，胰腺导管腺癌。

图 2 YAP1和COL6A1在PAAD中的共表达基因及富集分析

Figure 2. Co-expression genes and enrichment analysis of YAP1 and COL6A1 in PAAD

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注： YAP1，Yes相关蛋白1；COL6A1，人类胶原蛋白Ⅵ α1链。

图 3 蛋白质免疫印迹检测胰腺癌细胞YAP1和COL6A1蛋白的表达

Figure 3. Western blot experiment detects the expression of YAP1 and COL6A1 proteins in pancreatic cancer cells

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图 4 裸鼠皮下肿瘤组织HE染色

Figure 4. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of subcutaneous tumor tissue in nude mice

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注： a，裸鼠模型组和裸鼠对照组YAP1、COL6A1蛋白表达结果（×200）；b，裸鼠对照组YAP1、COL6A1蛋白相关性分析；c，裸鼠模型组YAP1、COL6A1蛋白相关性分析。YAP1，Yes相关蛋白1；COL6A1，人类胶原蛋白Ⅵ α1链；IOD，累计光密度值。

图 5 免疫组织化学检测两组YAP1、COL6A1蛋白表达

Figure 5. Immunohistochemical detection of YAP1 and COL6A1 protein expression in each group

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注： a，对照组和研究组YAP1、COL6A1蛋白表达结果（×200）；b，对照组YAP1、COL6A1蛋白相关性分析；c，研究组YAP1、COL6A1蛋白相关性分析。YAP1，Yes相关蛋白1；COL6A1，人类胶原蛋白Ⅵ α1链；IOD，累计光密度值。

图 6 免疫组织化学检测各组YAP1、COL6A1蛋白表达

Figure 6. Immunohistochemical detection of YAP1 and COL6A1 protein expression in each group

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注： a，YAP1生存曲线；b，COL6A1生存曲线。YAP1，Yes相关蛋白1；COL6A1，人类胶原蛋白Ⅵ α1链。

图 7 YAP1和COL6A1高/低表达组胰腺癌患者的生存曲线

Figure 7. Survival curve of pancreatic cancer patients with high/low YAP1 and COL6A1 expression group

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表 1 不同处理组YAP1、COL6A1蛋白相对表达量

Table 1. The relative expression levels of YAP1 and COL6A1 proteins in different treatment groups

组别	YAP1	COL6A1
NG组	0.490±0.013	0.246±0.112
HG组	0.696±0.067	0.743±0.058
t值	6.826	5.254
P值	0.006	0.002
注：YAP1，Yes相关蛋白1；COL6A1，人类胶原蛋白Ⅵ α1链。

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表 2 不同处理组YAP1和COL6A1基因相对表达量

Table 2. Gene expression of YAP1 and COL6A1 in different treatment groups

组别	YAP1	COL6A1
NG组	1.035±0.302	1.013±0.174
HG组	2.788±0.782	3.140±0.751
t值	4.726	6.197
P值	0.005	<0.001
注：YAP1，Yes相关蛋白1；COL6A1，人类胶原蛋白Ⅵ α1链。

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表 3 两组YAP1、COL6A1累计光密度值比较

Table 3. Comparison of YAP1 and COL6A1 optical density values between the groups

组别	YAP1	COL6A1
裸鼠对照组	23 815.066±2 399.870	21 575.033±2 399.870
裸鼠模型组	39 396.598±5 938.120	35 394.846±4 254.425
t值	8.472	9.801
P值	<0.001	<0.001
注：YAP1，Yes相关蛋白1；COL6A1，人类胶原蛋白Ⅵ α1链。

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表 4 两组YAP1、COL6A1蛋白相对表达量比较

Table 4. Comparison of YAP1 and COL6A1 protein expression levels between the pancreatic cancer-only group and the pancreatic cancer group with comorbid diabetes

组别	YAP1	COL6A1
对照组	26 471.573±2 241.120	22 705.187±2 034.836
研究组	43 476.033±4 824.713	38 073.580±3 788.025
t值	22.150	24.760
P值	<0.001	<0.001
注：YAP1，Yes相关蛋白1；COL6A1，人类胶原蛋白Ⅵ α1链。

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表 5 临床资料基线表

Table 5. Baseline table of clinical characteristics

指标	对照组（n=48）	研究组（n=48）	统计值	P值
性别［例（%）］			χ²=0.043	0.837
男	27（56.25）	28（58.33）
女	21（43.75）	20（41.67）
年龄（岁）	62.042±8.108	61.330±8.931	t=0.407	0.685
分化程度［例（%）］			Z=1.298	0.194
高分化导管腺癌	10（20.83）	7（14.58）
中分化导管腺癌	23（47.92）	20（41.67）
低分化导管腺癌	15（31.25）	21（43.75）
AJCC分期［例（%）］			Z=3.716	0.001
Ⅰ期	12（25.00）	6（12.50）
Ⅱ期	25（52.08）	12（25.00）
Ⅲ期	9（18.75）	19（39.58）
Ⅳ期	2（4.17）	11（22.92）
神经侵犯［例（%）］			χ²=1.042	0.307
有	21（43.75）	26（54.17）
无	27（56.25）	22（45.83）
血管侵犯［例（%）］			χ²=0.042	0.838
有	22（45.83）	23（47.92）
无	26（54.17）	25（52.08）
淋巴结转移［例（%）］			χ²=10.741	0.001
有	14（29.17）	30（62.50）
无	34（70.83）	18（37.50）
远处器官转移［例（%）］			χ²=7.207	0.007
有	2（4.17）	11（22.92）
无	46（95.83）	37（77.08）
注：AJCC，美国癌症联合委员会。

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表 6 影响胰腺癌患者远期生存的单因素分析

Table 6. Analysis of single factors affecting long-term survival of patients with pancreatic cancer

因素	β值	HR	95%CI	P值
肿瘤大小	1.859	6.419	3.166～13.015	<0.001
血管侵犯	-1.278	0.279	0.174～0.445	<0.001
神经侵犯	-1.120	0.326	0.206～0.517	<0.001
淋巴结转移	-3.369	0.034	0.014～0.085	<0.001
远处器官转移	-2.995	0.050	0.021～0.117	<0.001
分化程度	-0.776	0.460	0.331～0.640	<0.001
YAP1	1.638	5.146	3.044～8.966	<0.001
COL6A1	1.769	5.863	3.452～9.958	<0.001
HbA1c（%）	0.540	1.717	1.105～2.667	<0.001
注：YAP1，Yes相关蛋白1；COL6A1，人类胶原蛋白Ⅵ α1链；HbA1c，糖化血红蛋白；HR，风险比；CI，置信区间。

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表 7 影响胰腺癌患者远期生存的多因素分析

Table 7. Analysis of multiple factors affecting long-term survival of patients with pancreatic cancer

因素	HR	95%CI	P值
淋巴结转移	0.083	0.030～0.231	<0.001
远处器官转移	0.166	0.065～0.420	<0.001
YAP1	2.027	1.065～3.857	0.031
COL6A1	2.044	1.019～4.099	0.044
注：YAP1，Yes相关蛋白1；COL6A1，人类胶原蛋白Ⅵ α1链；HR，风险比；CI，置信区间。

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表 8 肿瘤组织中YAP1和COL6A1蛋白表达水平与胰腺癌患者预后的关系

Table 8. Relationship between YAP1 and COL6A1 protein expression level and prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients

组别	例数	2年生存数［例（%）］	χ²值	P值
YAP1			16.382	<0.001
高表达组	44	3（6.82）
低表达组	52	13（25.00）
COL6A1			4.579	0.032
高表达组	48	7（14.58）
低表达组	48	9（18.75）
注：YAP1，Yes相关蛋白1；COL6A1，人类胶原蛋白Ⅵ α1链。

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