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不同中医证型原发性肝癌的临床特征及多模态定量影像学特征分析

吴峰 罗慕晴 温婉婷婷 蔡紫薇 刘音其 向剑 周晓娜 郭倩 张堃

引用本文:
Citation:

不同中医证型原发性肝癌的临床特征及多模态定量影像学特征分析

DOI: 10.12449/JCH260514
基金项目: 

湖南省科技人才托举工程项目-年轻优秀科技工作者培养计划 (2022TJ-N05);

湖南省教育厅科学研究项目 (22B0401);

长沙市自然科学基金 (kq2208211);

湖南省自然科学基金 (2023JJ30477);

血管生物学与转化医学湖南省重点实验室/湖南省高校重点实验室开放基金 (2024XG002);

湖南省卫生健康科研课题 (20256387);

“刘良院士工作站”指导项目 (25YS004)

伦理学声明:本研究于2024年12月31日经由湖南省中医药大学第一附属医院伦理审查委员会批准,批号:HN-LL-YJSLY-2025-028。
利益冲突声明:本文不存在任何利益冲突。
作者贡献声明:吴峰负责资料收集及分析、撰写论文;温婉婷婷、蔡紫薇和周晓娜参与数据收集及分析;刘音其、向剑和郭倩参与数据整理,修改论文;罗慕晴和张堃负责课题设计,指导论文并最后定稿。
详细信息
    通信作者:

    张堃, kun_zhang0102@163.com (ORCID: 0000-0002-2432-1760)

Clinical features and multimodal quantitative radiological features of primary liver cancer patients with different traditional Chinese medicine syndrome types

Research funding: 

Hunan Province Science and Technology Talent Support Project-Young Outstanding Science and Technology Worker Training Program (2022TJ-N05);

Scientific Research Project of Hunan Provincial Department of Education (22B0401);

Changsha Natural Science Foundation (kq2208211);

Hunan Natural Science Foundation (2023JJ30477);

The Project of Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine (2024XG002);

Hunan Provincial Health Research Project (20256387);

Guiding Project of the “Academician Liu Liang Workstation” (25YS004)

More Information
  • 摘要:   目的  分析原发性肝癌(PLC)中医证型与临床特征及计算机体层成像(CT)、磁共振成像(MRI)多模态定量影像特征之间的关联,为中医辨证的客观化与精准诊疗提供参考依据。  方法  回顾性分析2020年3月—2025年6月在湖南中医药大学第一附属医院确诊为PLC的312例患者临床资料,分为肝气郁结证(n=40)、肝郁脾虚证(n=109)、气滞血瘀证(n=62)、湿热毒蕴证(n=81)及肝肾阴虚证(n=20)。比较不同中医证型间临床特征及多模态影像特征的差异。正态分布的计量资料多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验;非正态分布的计量资料多组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H秩和检验,进一步两两比较采用Dunn检验。计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验,进一步两两比较采用Bonferroni校正法。  结果  中国肝癌临床分期、蔡尔德-皮尤分级、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、白蛋白、直接胆红素、总胆红素、凝血酶原时间、中性粒细胞和白蛋白-胆红素评分在不同中医证型间的差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05);肝气郁结证患者蔡尔德-皮尤分级以A级(75.00%)为主;肝气郁结证(60.00%)和气滞血瘀证(59.68%)多见于中国肝癌临床分期Ⅰ期,而湿热毒蕴证(27.16%)和肝肾阴虚证(30.00%)在Ⅳ期的分布比例显著高于肝气郁结证(2.50%)(P值均<0.05)。影像学结果显示,肿瘤数目、腹水、静脉癌栓、肿瘤最长径、肝内转移及肝门区、腹膜后淋巴结转移在不同证型间的差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05);与肝气郁结证相比,肝郁脾虚证和肝肾阴虚证更易发生肝内转移,肝郁脾虚证、湿热毒蕴证及肝肾阴虚证更易发生肝门区、腹膜后淋巴结转移,肝肾阴虚证更易出现肿瘤多发,且肝郁脾虚证和湿热毒蕴证更易出现腹水(P值均<0.05)。与气滞血瘀证相比,肝郁脾虚证肿瘤最长径更长且静脉癌栓占比更高(P值均<0.05)。此外,在184例具有MRI弥散加权成像序列的患者中,湿热毒蕴证和气滞血瘀证的表观扩散系数及相对表观扩散系数显著高于肝气郁结证(P值均<0.05)。  结论  不同中医证型的PLC患者在CT与MRI影像特征及临床表现方面存在显著差异,其中肝郁脾虚证、湿热毒蕴证及肝肾阴虚证更易呈现肿瘤进展性影像学特征,湿热毒蕴证与气滞血瘀证表观扩散系数较高,为PLC中医辨证分型提供了客观依据。

     

  • 注: a,CT静脉期,测量肿瘤最长径;b,DWI图,勾画感兴趣区;c,ADC图。CT,计算机体层成像;DWI,弥散加权成像;ADC,表观扩散系数。

    图  1  定量特征提取示意图

    Figure  1.  Schematic diagram of quantitative feature extraction

    注: a、b、g、h,动脉期;c、i,静脉期;d、j,肝胆期;e、k,弥散加权成像;f、l,冠状位。a~f,男性患者,肝气郁结证,肝左外叶结节(白色三角形),完全假包膜(长白色箭头),无腹水、静脉癌栓、肝内转移、肝门区及腹膜后淋巴结转移;g~l,男性患者,肝郁脾虚证,肝尾状叶结节(白色三角形),静脉癌栓(短白色箭头),腹膜后淋巴结转移(蓝色箭头)。CT,计算机体层成像;MRI,磁共振成像。

    图  2  不同中医证型患者CT、MRI表现

    Figure  2.  CT and MRI manifestations of patients with different TCM syndromes

    表  1  不同中医证型基线特征比较

    Table  1.   Comparison of baseline characteristics among different TCM syndrome types

    基线特征 肝气郁结证
    n=40)
    肝郁脾虚证
    n=109)
    气滞血瘀证
    n=62)
    湿热毒蕴证
    n=81)
    肝肾阴虚证
    n=20)
    统计值 P
    男[例(%)] 29(72.50) 91(83.49) 50(80.65) 68(83.95) 15(75.00) χ2=3.257 0.516
    年龄(岁) 57.13±12.46 62.12±11.18 60.71±11.46 60.35±12.33 63.60±8.17 F=1.691 0.152
    Child-Pugh分级
    [例(%)]
    χ2=31.569 <0.001
    A 30(75.00) 41(37.61)1) 24(38.71)1) 26(32.10)1) 5(25.00)1)
    B 9(22.50) 45(41.28) 31(50.00) 35(43.21) 8(40.00)
    C 1(2.50) 23(21.10) 7(11.29) 20(24.69)1) 7(35.00)1)2)
    CNLC分期
    [例(%)]
    χ2=34.304 <0.001
    24(60.00) 37(33.94)1)2) 37(59.68) 38(46.91) 3(15.00)1)2)
    9(22.50) 19(17.43) 7(11.29) 9(11.11) 6(30.00)
    6(15.00) 30(27.52) 10(16.13) 12(14.81) 5(25.00)
    1(2.50) 23(21.10) 8(12.90) 22(27.16)1) 6(30.00)1)
    AFP[例(%)] χ2=6.099 0.192
    ≥400 ug/L 13(32.50) 45(41.28) 17(27.42) 20(24.69) 7(35.00)
    <400 ug/L 27(67.50) 64(58.72) 45(72.58) 61(75.31) 13(65.00)
    AST(U/L) 41.82
    (33.64~50.00)
    116.95
    (77.50~156.40)1)
    68.61
    (50.79~86.43)
    76.20
    (63.54~88.86)1)
    132.49
    (56.08~208.89)1)
    H=31.227 <0.001
    ALT(U/L) 30.96
    (25.34~36.57)
    68.11
    (43.62~92.59)
    44.98
    (31.54~58.43)
    51.05
    (37.47~64.64)
    68.31
    (21.10~115.52)
    H=12.969 0.011
    Alb(g/L) 40.75
    (38.43~43.07)
    37.10
    (34.18~40.03)
    36.32
    (34.78~37.85)
    34.86
    (33.30~36.42)1)
    32.87
    (30.35~35.40)1)
    H=23.967 <0.001
    DBil(μmol/L) 7.28
    (6.06~8.49)
    21.58
    (15.73~27.42)1)
    15.37
    (10.84~19.91)1)
    27.01
    (16.68~37.34)1)
    20.83
    (10.22~31.43)1)
    H=25.092 <0.001
    IBil(μmol/L) 10.34
    (8.23~12.45)
    12.77
    (11.04~14.51)
    14.20
    (10.51~17.89)
    14.51
    (11.97~17.04)
    10.84
    (7.78~13.90)
    H=3.563 0.468
    TBil(μmol/L) 17.61
    (14.52~20.70)
    34.35
    (27.21~41.48)1)
    29.57
    (22.72~36.43)1)
    41.34
    (29.21~53.46)1)
    31.67
    (20.33~43.00)
    H=14.340 0.006
    PT(s) 14.09
    (13.53~14.65)
    15.30
    (14.73~15.87)
    15.43
    (14.55~16.31)
    15.96
    (15.21~16.72)1)
    15.54
    (14.32~16.76)
    H=12.828 0.012
    PLT(×109/L) 102.38
    (85.03~119.72)
    113.68
    (99.73~127.62)
    107.15
    (81.69~132.60)
    116.20
    (102.93~129.47)
    123.05
    (90.65~155.45)
    H=7.245 0.124
    NEUT(×109/L) 2.98
    (2.44~3.52)
    3.50
    (3.10~3.89)
    3.22
    (2.73~3.72)
    3.69
    (3.17~4.22)
    4.22
    (3.50~4.94)1)
    H=10.882 0.028
    LYM(×109/L) 0.98
    (0.85~1.11)
    0.94
    (0.86~1.03)
    0.98
    (0.81~1.14)
    1.06
    (0.93~1.19)
    1.03
    (0.79~1.28)
    H=3.143 0.534
    ALBI评分(分) -2.68
    (-2.89~-2.47)
    -2.23v(-2.48~-1.97)1) -2.19
    (-2.34~-2.03)1)
    -2.04
    (-2.20~-1.87)1)
    -1.87
    (-2.16~-1.59)1)
    H=26.470 <0.001
    NLR 3.46
    (2.78~4.14)
    4.58
    (3.73~5.43)
    4.28
    (3.28~5.28)
    3.98
    (3.42~4.54)
    4.95
    (3.76~6.13)
    H=5.496 0.240

    注:与肝气郁结证比较,1)P<0.05;与气滞血瘀证比较,2)P<0.05。Child-Pugh分级,蔡尔德-皮尤分级;CNLC分期,中国肝癌临床分期;AFP,甲胎蛋白;AST,天冬氨酸氨基转移酶;ALT,丙氨酸氨基转移酶;Alb,白蛋白;DBil,直接胆红素;IBil,间接胆红素;TBil,总胆红素;PT,凝血酶原时间;PLT,血小板;NEUT,中性粒细胞;LYM,淋巴细胞;ALBI,白蛋白-胆红素评分;NLR,中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值。

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  不同中医证型影像特征比较

    Table  2.   Comparison of imaging features of different TCM syndrome types

    影像征象 肝气郁结证
    n=40)
    肝郁脾虚证
    n=109)
    气滞血瘀证
    n=62)
    湿热毒蕴证
    n=81)
    肝肾阴虚证
    n=20)
    统计值 P
    肿瘤数目[例(%)] χ2=16.470 0.002
    单发 27(67.50) 51(46.79) 41(66.13) 48(59.26) 5(25.00)1)
    多发 13(32.50) 58(53.21) 21(33.87) 33(40.74) 15(75.00)1)
    肿瘤边界[例(%)] χ2=7.612 0.107
    清晰 30(75.00) 63(57.80) 45(72.58) 52(64.20) 10(50.00)
    模糊 10(25.00) 46(42.20) 17(27.42) 29(35.80) 10(50.00)
    假包膜[例(%)] χ2=6.315 0.612
    无假包膜 4(10.00) 15(13.76) 9(14.52) 12(14.81) 3(15.00)
    不完全假包膜 19(47.50) 66(60.55) 32(51.61) 50(61.73) 11(55.00)
    完全假包膜 17(42.50) 28(25.69) 21(33.87) 19(23.46) 6(30.00)
    门静脉增宽[例(%)] 31(77.50) 86(78.90) 48(77.42) 61(75.31) 13(65.00) χ2=1.940 0.747
    脾大[例(%)] 33(82.50) 98(89.91) 57(91.94) 69(85.19) 17(85.00) χ2=3.159 0.532
    腹水[例(%)] 15(37.50) 72(66.06)1) 32(51.61) 53(65.43)1) 13(65.00) χ2=12.986 0.011
    侧支循环开放[例(%)] 26(65.00) 74(67.89) 47(75.81) 54(66.67) 16(80.00) χ2=3.028 0.553
    静脉癌栓[例(%)] 6(15.00) 35(32.11)2) 6(9.68) 23(28.40) 7(35.00) χ2=14.508 0.006
    肝内转移[例(%)] 4(10.00) 38(34.86)1) 11(17.74) 25(30.86) 9(45.00)1) χ2=15.445 0.004
    肝门区、腹膜后淋巴
    结转移[例(%)]
    0(0.00) 24(22.02)1) 9(14.52) 18(22.22)1) 5(25.00)1) χ2=12.152 0.016
    远处转移[例(%)] 2(5.00) 7(6.42) 6(9.68) 9(11.11) 2(10.00) χ2=2.141 0.710
    肿瘤出血[例(%)] 4(10.00) 13(11.93) 3(4.84) 14(17.28) 4(20.00) χ2=6.424 0.170
    卫星结节[例(%)] 8(20.00) 33(30.28) 9(14.52) 20(24.69) 6(30.00) χ2=6.093 0.192
    肿瘤最长径(mm) 49.33
    (39.85~58.80)
    67.25
    (59.66~74.84)2)
    50.47
    (41.81~59.12)
    64.44
    (54.91~73.98)
    71.00
    (53.16~88.84)
    H=13.082 0.011
    ADC值(×10-3 mm2/s) 1.13
    (1.07~1.19)
    1.23
    (1.18~1.27)
    1.33
    (1.23~1.44)1)
    1.35
    (1.27~1.44)1)
    1.26
    (1.15~1.36)
    H=20.940 <0.001
    相对ADC值 0.81
    (0.76~0.86)
    0.89
    (0.85~0.93)
    0.98
    (0.90~1.07)1)
    0.96
    (0.89~1.02)1)
    0.92
    (0.82~1.01)
    H=16.774 0.002

    注:与肝气郁结证比较,1)P<0.05;与气滞血瘀证比较,2)P<0.05。ADC,表观扩散系数。

    下载: 导出CSV
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