不同中医证型原发性肝癌的临床特征及多模态定量影像学特征分析
DOI: 10.12449/JCH260514
Clinical features and multimodal quantitative radiological features of primary liver cancer patients with different traditional Chinese medicine syndrome types
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摘要:
目的 分析原发性肝癌(PLC)中医证型与临床特征及计算机体层成像(CT)、磁共振成像(MRI)多模态定量影像特征之间的关联,为中医辨证的客观化与精准诊疗提供参考依据。 方法 回顾性分析2020年3月—2025年6月在湖南中医药大学第一附属医院确诊为PLC的312例患者临床资料,分为肝气郁结证(n=40)、肝郁脾虚证(n=109)、气滞血瘀证(n=62)、湿热毒蕴证(n=81)及肝肾阴虚证(n=20)。比较不同中医证型间临床特征及多模态影像特征的差异。正态分布的计量资料多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验;非正态分布的计量资料多组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H秩和检验,进一步两两比较采用Dunn检验。计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验,进一步两两比较采用Bonferroni校正法。 结果 中国肝癌临床分期、蔡尔德-皮尤分级、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、白蛋白、直接胆红素、总胆红素、凝血酶原时间、中性粒细胞和白蛋白-胆红素评分在不同中医证型间的差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05);肝气郁结证患者蔡尔德-皮尤分级以A级(75.00%)为主;肝气郁结证(60.00%)和气滞血瘀证(59.68%)多见于中国肝癌临床分期Ⅰ期,而湿热毒蕴证(27.16%)和肝肾阴虚证(30.00%)在Ⅳ期的分布比例显著高于肝气郁结证(2.50%)(P值均<0.05)。影像学结果显示,肿瘤数目、腹水、静脉癌栓、肿瘤最长径、肝内转移及肝门区、腹膜后淋巴结转移在不同证型间的差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05);与肝气郁结证相比,肝郁脾虚证和肝肾阴虚证更易发生肝内转移,肝郁脾虚证、湿热毒蕴证及肝肾阴虚证更易发生肝门区、腹膜后淋巴结转移,肝肾阴虚证更易出现肿瘤多发,且肝郁脾虚证和湿热毒蕴证更易出现腹水(P值均<0.05)。与气滞血瘀证相比,肝郁脾虚证肿瘤最长径更长且静脉癌栓占比更高(P值均<0.05)。此外,在184例具有MRI弥散加权成像序列的患者中,湿热毒蕴证和气滞血瘀证的表观扩散系数及相对表观扩散系数显著高于肝气郁结证(P值均<0.05)。 结论 不同中医证型的PLC患者在CT与MRI影像特征及临床表现方面存在显著差异,其中肝郁脾虚证、湿热毒蕴证及肝肾阴虚证更易呈现肿瘤进展性影像学特征,湿热毒蕴证与气滞血瘀证表观扩散系数较高,为PLC中医辨证分型提供了客观依据。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the association of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome types of primary liver cancer (PLC) with clinical features and multimodal quantitative radiological features on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and to provide a reference for the objectification of TCM syndrome differentiation and precise diagnosis and treatment. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 312 patients who were diagnosed with PLC in The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine from March 2020 to June 2025, and according to the TCM syndrome type, they were divided into stagnation of liver Qi group with 40 patients, stagnation of liver Qi and spleen deficiency group with 109 patients, Qi stagnation and blood stasis group with 62 patients, dampness-heat toxin amassment group with 81 patients, and liver-kidney Yin deficiency group with 20 patients. Clinical features and multimodal quantitative radiological features were compared between the patients with different TCM syndrome types. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between multiple groups, and the least significant difference t-test was used for further comparison between two groups; the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between multiple groups, and the Dunn’s multiple test was used for further comparison between two groups; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups, and the Bonferroni method was used for further comparison between two groups. Results There were significant differences between the patients with different TCM syndrome types in China liver cancer staging (CNLC), Child-Pugh class, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, albumin, direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, prothrombin time, neutrophil, and albumin-bilirubin score (all P<0.05). In the stagnation of liver Qi group, the patients with Child-Pugh class A accounted for 75.00%; among the patients with CNLC stage I PLC, the patients with stagnation of liver Qi accounted for 60.00%, and those with Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome accounted for 59.68%, while among the patients with CNLC stage IV PLC, the distribution proportion of dampness-heat toxin amassment (27.16%) and liver-kidney Yin deficiency (30.00%) was significantly higher than that of stagnation of liver Qi (2.50%) (all P<0.05). Radiological examination showed that there were significant differences between the patients with different TCM syndrome types in the number of tumors, ascites, venous tumor thrombus, maximum tumor diameter, intrahepatic metastasis, and lymph node metastasis in the hepatic hilar and retroperitoneal regions (all P<0.05). Compared with the patients with stagnation of liver Qi, the patients with liver depression and spleen deficiency or liver-kidney Yin deficiency were more likely to develop intrahepatic metastasis; the patients with liver depression and spleen deficiency, dampness-heat toxin amassment, or liver-kidney Yin deficiency were more likely to develop lymph node metastasis in the hepatic hilar and retroperitoneal regions; the patients with liver-kidney Yin deficiency were more likely to experience multiple tumors; the patients with liver depression and spleen deficiency or dampness-heat toxin amassment were more likely to develop ascites (all P<0.05). Compared with the patients with Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome, the patients with liver depression and spleen deficiency had a significantly longer maximum tumor diameter and a significantly higher proportion of patients with venous tumor thrombus (both P<0.05). Furthermore, among the 184 patients with MRI diffusion-weighted imaging sequences, the patients with dampness-heat toxin amassment or Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome had significantly higher ADC values and relative ADC values than those with stagnation of liver Qi (all P<0.05). Conclusion There are significant differences in CT/MRI radiological features and clinical features between PLC patients with different TCM syndrome types, among whom the patients with liver depression and spleen deficiency, dampness-heat toxin amassment, and liver-kidney Yin deficiency tend to exhibit progressive radiological features, and those with dampness-heat toxin amassment or Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome tend to have higher ADC values. These findings provide an objective basis for TCM syndrome differentiation in PLC. -
表 1 不同中医证型基线特征比较
Table 1. Comparison of baseline characteristics among different TCM syndrome types
基线特征 肝气郁结证
(n=40)肝郁脾虚证
(n=109)气滞血瘀证
(n=62)湿热毒蕴证
(n=81)肝肾阴虚证
(n=20)统计值 P值 男[例(%)] 29(72.50) 91(83.49) 50(80.65) 68(83.95) 15(75.00) χ2=3.257 0.516 年龄(岁) 57.13±12.46 62.12±11.18 60.71±11.46 60.35±12.33 63.60±8.17 F=1.691 0.152 Child-Pugh分级
[例(%)]χ2=31.569 <0.001 A 30(75.00) 41(37.61)1) 24(38.71)1) 26(32.10)1) 5(25.00)1) B 9(22.50) 45(41.28) 31(50.00) 35(43.21) 8(40.00) C 1(2.50) 23(21.10) 7(11.29) 20(24.69)1) 7(35.00)1)2) CNLC分期
[例(%)]χ2=34.304 <0.001 Ⅰ 24(60.00) 37(33.94)1)2) 37(59.68) 38(46.91) 3(15.00)1)2) Ⅱ 9(22.50) 19(17.43) 7(11.29) 9(11.11) 6(30.00) Ⅲ 6(15.00) 30(27.52) 10(16.13) 12(14.81) 5(25.00) Ⅳ 1(2.50) 23(21.10) 8(12.90) 22(27.16)1) 6(30.00)1) AFP[例(%)] χ2=6.099 0.192 ≥400 ug/L 13(32.50) 45(41.28) 17(27.42) 20(24.69) 7(35.00) <400 ug/L 27(67.50) 64(58.72) 45(72.58) 61(75.31) 13(65.00) AST(U/L) 41.82
(33.64~50.00)116.95
(77.50~156.40)1)68.61
(50.79~86.43)76.20
(63.54~88.86)1)132.49
(56.08~208.89)1)H=31.227 <0.001 ALT(U/L) 30.96
(25.34~36.57)68.11
(43.62~92.59)44.98
(31.54~58.43)51.05
(37.47~64.64)68.31
(21.10~115.52)H=12.969 0.011 Alb(g/L) 40.75
(38.43~43.07)37.10
(34.18~40.03)36.32
(34.78~37.85)34.86
(33.30~36.42)1)32.87
(30.35~35.40)1)H=23.967 <0.001 DBil(μmol/L) 7.28
(6.06~8.49)21.58
(15.73~27.42)1)15.37
(10.84~19.91)1)27.01
(16.68~37.34)1)20.83
(10.22~31.43)1)H=25.092 <0.001 IBil(μmol/L) 10.34
(8.23~12.45)12.77
(11.04~14.51)14.20
(10.51~17.89)14.51
(11.97~17.04)10.84
(7.78~13.90)H=3.563 0.468 TBil(μmol/L) 17.61
(14.52~20.70)34.35
(27.21~41.48)1)29.57
(22.72~36.43)1)41.34
(29.21~53.46)1)31.67
(20.33~43.00)H=14.340 0.006 PT(s) 14.09
(13.53~14.65)15.30
(14.73~15.87)15.43
(14.55~16.31)15.96
(15.21~16.72)1)15.54
(14.32~16.76)H=12.828 0.012 PLT(×109/L) 102.38
(85.03~119.72)113.68
(99.73~127.62)107.15
(81.69~132.60)116.20
(102.93~129.47)123.05
(90.65~155.45)H=7.245 0.124 NEUT(×109/L) 2.98
(2.44~3.52)3.50
(3.10~3.89)3.22
(2.73~3.72)3.69
(3.17~4.22)4.22
(3.50~4.94)1)H=10.882 0.028 LYM(×109/L) 0.98
(0.85~1.11)0.94
(0.86~1.03)0.98
(0.81~1.14)1.06
(0.93~1.19)1.03
(0.79~1.28)H=3.143 0.534 ALBI评分(分) -2.68
(-2.89~-2.47)-2.23v(-2.48~-1.97)1) -2.19
(-2.34~-2.03)1)-2.04
(-2.20~-1.87)1)-1.87
(-2.16~-1.59)1)H=26.470 <0.001 NLR 3.46
(2.78~4.14)4.58
(3.73~5.43)4.28
(3.28~5.28)3.98
(3.42~4.54)4.95
(3.76~6.13)H=5.496 0.240 注:与肝气郁结证比较,1)P<0.05;与气滞血瘀证比较,2)P<0.05。Child-Pugh分级,蔡尔德-皮尤分级;CNLC分期,中国肝癌临床分期;AFP,甲胎蛋白;AST,天冬氨酸氨基转移酶;ALT,丙氨酸氨基转移酶;Alb,白蛋白;DBil,直接胆红素;IBil,间接胆红素;TBil,总胆红素;PT,凝血酶原时间;PLT,血小板;NEUT,中性粒细胞;LYM,淋巴细胞;ALBI,白蛋白-胆红素评分;NLR,中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值。
表 2 不同中医证型影像特征比较
Table 2. Comparison of imaging features of different TCM syndrome types
影像征象 肝气郁结证
(n=40)肝郁脾虚证
(n=109)气滞血瘀证
(n=62)湿热毒蕴证
(n=81)肝肾阴虚证
(n=20)统计值 P值 肿瘤数目[例(%)] χ2=16.470 0.002 单发 27(67.50) 51(46.79) 41(66.13) 48(59.26) 5(25.00)1) 多发 13(32.50) 58(53.21) 21(33.87) 33(40.74) 15(75.00)1) 肿瘤边界[例(%)] χ2=7.612 0.107 清晰 30(75.00) 63(57.80) 45(72.58) 52(64.20) 10(50.00) 模糊 10(25.00) 46(42.20) 17(27.42) 29(35.80) 10(50.00) 假包膜[例(%)] χ2=6.315 0.612 无假包膜 4(10.00) 15(13.76) 9(14.52) 12(14.81) 3(15.00) 不完全假包膜 19(47.50) 66(60.55) 32(51.61) 50(61.73) 11(55.00) 完全假包膜 17(42.50) 28(25.69) 21(33.87) 19(23.46) 6(30.00) 门静脉增宽[例(%)] 31(77.50) 86(78.90) 48(77.42) 61(75.31) 13(65.00) χ2=1.940 0.747 脾大[例(%)] 33(82.50) 98(89.91) 57(91.94) 69(85.19) 17(85.00) χ2=3.159 0.532 腹水[例(%)] 15(37.50) 72(66.06)1) 32(51.61) 53(65.43)1) 13(65.00) χ2=12.986 0.011 侧支循环开放[例(%)] 26(65.00) 74(67.89) 47(75.81) 54(66.67) 16(80.00) χ2=3.028 0.553 静脉癌栓[例(%)] 6(15.00) 35(32.11)2) 6(9.68) 23(28.40) 7(35.00) χ2=14.508 0.006 肝内转移[例(%)] 4(10.00) 38(34.86)1) 11(17.74) 25(30.86) 9(45.00)1) χ2=15.445 0.004 肝门区、腹膜后淋巴
结转移[例(%)]0(0.00) 24(22.02)1) 9(14.52) 18(22.22)1) 5(25.00)1) χ2=12.152 0.016 远处转移[例(%)] 2(5.00) 7(6.42) 6(9.68) 9(11.11) 2(10.00) χ2=2.141 0.710 肿瘤出血[例(%)] 4(10.00) 13(11.93) 3(4.84) 14(17.28) 4(20.00) χ2=6.424 0.170 卫星结节[例(%)] 8(20.00) 33(30.28) 9(14.52) 20(24.69) 6(30.00) χ2=6.093 0.192 肿瘤最长径(mm) 49.33
(39.85~58.80)67.25
(59.66~74.84)2)50.47
(41.81~59.12)64.44
(54.91~73.98)71.00
(53.16~88.84)H=13.082 0.011 ADC值(×10-3 mm2/s) 1.13
(1.07~1.19)1.23
(1.18~1.27)1.33
(1.23~1.44)1)1.35
(1.27~1.44)1)1.26
(1.15~1.36)H=20.940 <0.001 相对ADC值 0.81
(0.76~0.86)0.89
(0.85~0.93)0.98
(0.90~1.07)1)0.96
(0.89~1.02)1)0.92
(0.82~1.01)H=16.774 0.002 注:与肝气郁结证比较,1)P<0.05;与气滞血瘀证比较,2)P<0.05。ADC,表观扩散系数。
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