血清肠型脂肪酸结合蛋白对肝硬化食管胃静脉曲张破裂出血患者内镜下止血后短期死亡的预测价值
DOI: 10.12449/JCH260511
Value of serum intestinal fatty acid-binding protein in predicting short-term mortality after endoscopic hemostasis for esophagogastric variceal bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis
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摘要:
目的 探讨肠型脂肪酸结合蛋白(I-FABP)对成功接受内镜下止血治疗的肝硬化食管胃静脉曲张破裂出血(EVB)患者6周病死率的预测价值。 方法 回顾性分析2020年9月—2025年6月在延边大学附属医院因EVB接受内镜治疗(包括套扎术和硬化剂注射术)的207例肝硬化患者的临床资料。研究终点为出血相关6周病死率。采用酶联免疫吸附法测定患者入院血清I-FABP水平,并按I-FABP检测值四分位数进行分层分析。计量资料两组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验;计数资料两组间比较采用χ2检验。通过Kaplan-Meier生存分析、Cox回归及限制性立方样条曲线探究I-FABP与6周病死率的关联。通过机器学习模型进一步量化I-FABP对预后的影响。采用综合布里尔评分和综合累积/动态曲线下面积评估时间依赖性变量的重要性。采用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线评估预测模型的性能。 结果 研究期间,共有29例(14.0%)患者在内镜止血成功后6周内死亡,中位死亡时间为16(8~26)d。死亡组的血清I-FABP水平高于生存组,差异有统计学意义(Z=-3.731,P<0.001)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示,不同I-FABP四分位数分组患者的6周病死率差异有统计学意义(χ2=12.78,P=0.005)。多因素Cox回归分析显示,I-FABP升高是6周病死率的独立影响因素(风险比=1.87,P=0.003)。限制性立方样条曲线分析显示,I-FABP与6周病死率之间呈线性关联(P非线性=0.280,P总体=0.029)。机器学习模型结果显示,I-FABP的重要性随时间推移呈动态变化特征,置换后布里尔评分损失和累积/动态曲线下面积损失均表明I-FABP是影响6周病死率的重要变量。 结论 I-FABP水平与肝硬化EVB患者内镜下止血后的6周死亡风险独立相关,可作为短期预后不良的潜在生物标志物。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the value of intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) in predicting 6-week mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis after successful endoscopic hemostasis for esophagogastric variceal bleeding (EVB). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 207 patients with liver cirrhosis who underwent successful endoscopic treatment for EVB (including ligation and sclerotherapy) in The Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University from September 2020 to June 2025, with the endpoint of 6-week bleeding-related mortality. ELISA was used to measure the serum level of I-FABP on admission, and a stratified analysis was performed based on the quartiles of I-FABP measurements. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, Cox regression analysis, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) curve were used to investigate the association between I-FABP and mortality. Machine learning models were used to further quantify the impact of I-FABP on mortality. The integrated Brier score and an integrated cumulative/dynamic area under the curve were used to assess the importance of time-dependent variables, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the performance of the predictive model. Results During the study, 29 patients (14.0%) died within 6 weeks after successful endoscopic hemostasis, with a median time to death of 16 (8—26) days. The mortality group had a significantly higher serum level of I-FABP than the survival group (Z=-3.731, P<0.001). The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that there was a significant difference in 6-week mortality between the groups of patients based on I-FABP quartiles (χ2 =12.78, P=0.005). The multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that an increase in I-FABP (hazard ratio=1.87, P=0.003) was an independent influencing factor for 6-week mortality. The RCS analysis showed a linear relationship between I-FABP and 6-week mortality (Pnon-linear=0.280, Poverall=0.029). Machine learning models showed that there was a dynamic change in the importance of I-FABP over time, and Brier score loss and the loss of cumulative/dynamic area under the curve after permutation showed that I-FABP was an important variable affecting 6-week mortality rate. Conclusion I-FABP level is independently associated with the risk of 6-week mortality endoscopic hemostasis for EVB in patients with liver cirrhosis, and therefore, it can be used as a potential biomarker for poor short-term prognosis. -
表 1 不同预后分组患者基线特征比较
Table 1. Comparison of baseline characteristics of patients in different groups
指标 生存组(n=178) 死亡组(n=29) 统计值 P值 年龄(岁) 58(43~65) 58(53~66) Z=-1.053 0.292 性别[例(%)] χ2=0.211 0.646 男 122(68.54) 21(72.41) 女 56(31.46) 8(27.59) 腹水[例(%)] 87(48.88) 20(68.97) χ2=4.030 0.045 门静脉血栓[例(%)] 35(19.66) 8(27.59) χ2=0.951 0.329 肝性脑病[例(%)] 28(15.73) 11(37.93) χ2=8.038 0.005 肝细胞癌[例(%)] 19(10.67) 10(34.48) χ2=9.841 0.002 Child-Pugh分级[例(%)] χ2=33.213 <0.001 A级 50(28.09) 2(6.90) B级 88(49.44) 5(17.24) C级 40(22.47) 22(75.86) 静脉曲张出血部位[例(%)] χ2=3.438 0.633 Le-s 14(7.87) 3(10.34) Le-m 77(43.26) 16(55.17) Le-i 25(14.04) 3(10.34) Lg-c 51(28.65) 6(20.69) Lg-cf 3(1.69) 1(3.45) Lg-f 8(4.49) 0(0.00) WBC(×109/L) 5.12(3.67~6.98) 5.65(4.02~9.20) Z=‒1.406 0.160 Hb(g/L) 96.00(80.00~110.00) 83.00(70.00~90.00) Z=3.668 <0.001 PLT(×109/L) 77.00(61.00~96.00) 53.00(45.00~67.00) Z=4.489 <0.001 血清钠(mmol/L) 136.00(134.00~140.00) 133.00(130.00~135.00) Z=3.801 <0.001 ALT(U/L) 37.00(27.00~51.00) 52.00(24.00~67.00) Z=‒0.308 0.758 AST(U/L) 54.00(35.00~73.00) 55.00(38.00~105.00) Z=‒1.668 0.095 Alb(g/L) 33.00(30.00~35.00) 28.00(26.00~32.00) Z=3.728 <0.001 CREA(μmol/L) 78.00(63.00~96.00) 97.00(84.00~137.00) Z=‒4.246 <0.001 TBil(μmol/L) 34.40(21.90~49.50) 61.20(33.50~85.10) Z=‒3.397 0.001 INR 1.39(1.24~1.68) 1.85(1.51~2.05) Z=‒4.176 <0.001 I-FABP(μg/L) 1.96(1.52~2.83) 2.88(2.24~3.29) Z=‒3.731 <0.001 MELD评分(分) 11.00(7.00~17.00) 19.00(17.00~21.00) Z=‒4.987 <0.001 注:Child-Pugh分级,蔡尔德-皮尤分级;WBC,白细胞;Hb,血红蛋白;PLT,血小板计数;ALT,丙氨酸氨基转移酶;AST,天冬氨酸氨基转移酶;Alb,白蛋白;CREA,肌酐;TBil,总胆红素;INR,国际标准化比值;I-FABP,肠型脂肪酸结合蛋白;MELD,终末期肝病模型。
表 2 I-FABP与6周病死率的Cox回归分析
Table 2. Cox regression analysis of I-FABP and 6-week mortality
变量 单因素分析 多因素分析 Β值 HR(95%CI) P值 Β值 HR(95%CI) P值 I-FABP水平 0.664 1.94(1.32~2.86) 0.001 0.627 1.87(1.23~2.84) 0.003 I-FABP四分位数分层 Q1组 1.00 1.00 Q2组 0.905 2.47(0.48~12.74) 0.259 0.889 2.43(0.47~12.74) 0.230 Q3组 1.423 4.15(0.88~19.53) 0.064 1.025 2.79(0.58~13.46) 0.322 Q4组 2.049 7.77(1.76~34.17) 0.005 1.864 6.45(1.43~29.13) 0.017 注:I-FABP,肠型脂肪酸结合蛋白;HR,风险比;95%CI,95%置信区间。
表 3 联合模型对EVB患者6周病死率的预测效能
Table 3. Predictive performance of the combined model on 6-week mortality in EVB patients
模型 AUC(95%CI) 敏感度(%) 特异度(%) 阳性预测值(%) 阴性预测值(%) P值 四因子模型 0.72(0.63~0.81) 79.3 59.6 24.2 94.6 <0.001 五因子模型 0.77(0.70~0.85) 96.6 54.5 25.7 99.0 <0.001 注:EVB,食管胃静脉曲张破裂出血;AUC,曲线下面积;95%CI,95%置信区间。
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