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血清肠型脂肪酸结合蛋白对肝硬化食管胃静脉曲张破裂出血患者内镜下止血后短期死亡的预测价值

韩才均 何禹轩 朴美花 金星 黄媛 吴政燮

引用本文:
Citation:

血清肠型脂肪酸结合蛋白对肝硬化食管胃静脉曲张破裂出血患者内镜下止血后短期死亡的预测价值

DOI: 10.12449/JCH260511
基金项目: 

延边大学应用基础项目 (YDKJ202327);

吉林省教育厅科学技术研究项目 (JJKH20261280KJ)

伦理学声明:本研究方案于2025年12月4日经由延边大学附属医院医学伦理委员会审核,批号:20250072。
利益冲突声明:本文不存在任何利益冲突。
作者贡献声明:韩才均负责课题设计、资料分析和论文撰写;何禹轩和朴美花参与数据统计分析,撰写及修改论文;金星和黄媛参与数据收集,分析资料和修改论文;吴政燮拟定写作思路及修改论文。
详细信息
    通信作者:

    吴政燮, 87599706@qq.com (ORCID: 0009-0008-8109-1253)

Value of serum intestinal fatty acid-binding protein in predicting short-term mortality after endoscopic hemostasis for esophagogastric variceal bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis

Research funding: 

Applied Foundation Research Project of Yanbian University (YDKJ202327);

Science and Technology Research Project of Jilin Province Department of Education (JJKH20261280KJ)

More Information
    Corresponding author: WU Zhengxie, 87599706@qq.com (ORCID: 0009-0008-8109-1253)
  • 摘要:   目的  探讨肠型脂肪酸结合蛋白(I-FABP)对成功接受内镜下止血治疗的肝硬化食管胃静脉曲张破裂出血(EVB)患者6周病死率的预测价值。  方法  回顾性分析2020年9月—2025年6月在延边大学附属医院因EVB接受内镜治疗(包括套扎术和硬化剂注射术)的207例肝硬化患者的临床资料。研究终点为出血相关6周病死率。采用酶联免疫吸附法测定患者入院血清I-FABP水平,并按I-FABP检测值四分位数进行分层分析。计量资料两组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验;计数资料两组间比较采用χ2检验。通过Kaplan-Meier生存分析、Cox回归及限制性立方样条曲线探究I-FABP与6周病死率的关联。通过机器学习模型进一步量化I-FABP对预后的影响。采用综合布里尔评分和综合累积/动态曲线下面积评估时间依赖性变量的重要性。采用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线评估预测模型的性能。  结果  研究期间,共有29例(14.0%)患者在内镜止血成功后6周内死亡,中位死亡时间为16(8~26)d。死亡组的血清I-FABP水平高于生存组,差异有统计学意义(Z=-3.731,P<0.001)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示,不同I-FABP四分位数分组患者的6周病死率差异有统计学意义(χ2=12.78,P=0.005)。多因素Cox回归分析显示,I-FABP升高是6周病死率的独立影响因素(风险比=1.87,P=0.003)。限制性立方样条曲线分析显示,I-FABP与6周病死率之间呈线性关联(P非线性=0.280,P总体=0.029)。机器学习模型结果显示,I-FABP的重要性随时间推移呈动态变化特征,置换后布里尔评分损失和累积/动态曲线下面积损失均表明I-FABP是影响6周病死率的重要变量。  结论  I-FABP水平与肝硬化EVB患者内镜下止血后的6周死亡风险独立相关,可作为短期预后不良的潜在生物标志物。

     

  • 注: I-FABP,肠型脂肪酸结合蛋白;EVB,食管胃静脉曲张破裂出血。

    图  1  不同I-FABP四分位数分组的EVB患者6周病死率Kaplan-Meier曲线

    Figure  1.  Kaplan-Meier curve of 6-week mortality rates for EVB patients stratified by I-FABP quartiles

    注: I-FABP,肠型脂肪酸结合蛋白;EVB,食管胃静脉曲张破裂出血;HR,风险比;95%CI,95%置信区间。

    图  2  I-FABP与EVB患者6周病死率相关性的RCS分析

    Figure  2.  RCS analysis of the correlation between I-FABP and 6-week mortality in EVB patients

    注: WBC,白细胞;Hb,血红蛋白;PLT,血小板计数;ALT,丙氨酸氨基转移酶;AST,天冬氨酸氨基转移酶;Alb,白蛋白;CREA,肌酐;TBil,总胆红素;INR,国际标准化比值;I-FABP,肠型脂肪酸结合蛋白。Shadow-Max,影子特征高值;ShadowMean,影子特征均值;ShadowMin,影子特征低值。绿色表示重要变量。

    图  3  Boruta算法识别影响6周病死率的关键变量

    Figure  3.  Boruta algorithm identifying key variables for predicting 6-week mortality

    注: a,基于Cox比例风险模型;b,基于随机生存森林模型。纵轴表示置换后各协变量的损失,损失值越大表明对应的协变量对维持模型预测性能的重要性越高。Alb,白蛋白;CREA,肌酐;TBil,总胆红素;INR,国际标准化比值;I-FABP,肠型脂肪酸结合蛋白;AUC,曲线下面积。

    图  4  置换后累积/动态AUC损失评估变量的时间依赖重要性

    Figure  4.  Time-dependent feature importance for the whole cohort, cumulative/dynamic AUC loss after permutation

    注: a,基于Cox比例风险模型;b,基于随机生存森林模型。纵轴表示置换后各协变量的损失,损失值越大表明对应的协变量对维持模型预测性能的重要性越高。Alb,白蛋白;CREA,肌酐;TBil,总胆红素;INR,国际标准化比值;I-FABP,肠型脂肪酸结合蛋白。

    图  5  置换后Brier评分损失评估变量的时间依赖重要性

    Figure  5.  Time-dependent feature importance for the whole cohort, Brier score loss after permutation

    注: EVB,食管胃静脉曲张破裂出血;ROC,受试者操作特征;AUC,曲线下面积。

    图  6  Cox比例风险模型预测EVB患者6周死亡的ROC曲线

    Figure  6.  ROC curve of the Cox proportional hazards model for predicting 6-week mortality in EVB patients

    表  1  不同预后分组患者基线特征比较

    Table  1.   Comparison of baseline characteristics of patients in different groups

    指标 生存组(n=178) 死亡组(n=29) 统计值 P
    年龄(岁) 58(43~65) 58(53~66) Z=-1.053 0.292
    性别[例(%)] χ2=0.211 0.646
    122(68.54) 21(72.41)
    56(31.46) 8(27.59)
    腹水[例(%)] 87(48.88) 20(68.97) χ2=4.030 0.045
    门静脉血栓[例(%)] 35(19.66) 8(27.59) χ2=0.951 0.329
    肝性脑病[例(%)] 28(15.73) 11(37.93) χ2=8.038 0.005
    肝细胞癌[例(%)] 19(10.67) 10(34.48) χ2=9.841 0.002
    Child-Pugh分级[例(%)] χ2=33.213 <0.001
    A级 50(28.09) 2(6.90)
    B级 88(49.44) 5(17.24)
    C级 40(22.47) 22(75.86)
    静脉曲张出血部位[例(%)] χ2=3.438 0.633
    Le-s 14(7.87) 3(10.34)
    Le-m 77(43.26) 16(55.17)
    Le-i 25(14.04) 3(10.34)
    Lg-c 51(28.65) 6(20.69)
    Lg-cf 3(1.69) 1(3.45)
    Lg-f 8(4.49) 0(0.00)
    WBC(×109/L) 5.12(3.67~6.98) 5.65(4.02~9.20) Z=‒1.406 0.160
    Hb(g/L) 96.00(80.00~110.00) 83.00(70.00~90.00) Z=3.668 <0.001
    PLT(×109/L) 77.00(61.00~96.00) 53.00(45.00~67.00) Z=4.489 <0.001
    血清钠(mmol/L) 136.00(134.00~140.00) 133.00(130.00~135.00) Z=3.801 <0.001
    ALT(U/L) 37.00(27.00~51.00) 52.00(24.00~67.00) Z=‒0.308 0.758
    AST(U/L) 54.00(35.00~73.00) 55.00(38.00~105.00) Z=‒1.668 0.095
    Alb(g/L) 33.00(30.00~35.00) 28.00(26.00~32.00) Z=3.728 <0.001
    CREA(μmol/L) 78.00(63.00~96.00) 97.00(84.00~137.00) Z=‒4.246 <0.001
    TBil(μmol/L) 34.40(21.90~49.50) 61.20(33.50~85.10) Z=‒3.397 0.001
    INR 1.39(1.24~1.68) 1.85(1.51~2.05) Z=‒4.176 <0.001
    I-FABP(μg/L) 1.96(1.52~2.83) 2.88(2.24~3.29) Z=‒3.731 <0.001
    MELD评分(分) 11.00(7.00~17.00) 19.00(17.00~21.00) Z=‒4.987 <0.001

    注:Child-Pugh分级,蔡尔德-皮尤分级;WBC,白细胞;Hb,血红蛋白;PLT,血小板计数;ALT,丙氨酸氨基转移酶;AST,天冬氨酸氨基转移酶;Alb,白蛋白;CREA,肌酐;TBil,总胆红素;INR,国际标准化比值;I-FABP,肠型脂肪酸结合蛋白;MELD,终末期肝病模型。

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  I-FABP与6周病死率的Cox回归分析

    Table  2.   Cox regression analysis of I-FABP and 6-week mortality

    变量 单因素分析 多因素分析
    Β HR(95%CI P Β HR(95%CI P
    I-FABP水平 0.664 1.94(1.32~2.86) 0.001 0.627 1.87(1.23~2.84) 0.003
    I-FABP四分位数分层
    Q1组 1.00 1.00
    Q2组 0.905 2.47(0.48~12.74) 0.259 0.889 2.43(0.47~12.74) 0.230
    Q3组 1.423 4.15(0.88~19.53) 0.064 1.025 2.79(0.58~13.46) 0.322
    Q4组 2.049 7.77(1.76~34.17) 0.005 1.864 6.45(1.43~29.13) 0.017

    注:I-FABP,肠型脂肪酸结合蛋白;HR,风险比;95%CI,95%置信区间。

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  联合模型对EVB患者6周病死率的预测效能

    Table  3.   Predictive performance of the combined model on 6-week mortality in EVB patients

    模型 AUC(95%CI 敏感度(%) 特异度(%) 阳性预测值(%) 阴性预测值(%) P
    四因子模型 0.72(0.63~0.81) 79.3 59.6 24.2 94.6 <0.001
    五因子模型 0.77(0.70~0.85) 96.6 54.5 25.7 99.0 <0.001

    注:EVB,食管胃静脉曲张破裂出血;AUC,曲线下面积;95%CI,95%置信区间。

    下载: 导出CSV
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