滋肾活血方治疗原发性肝癌患者分子靶向药物相关蛋白尿的有效性评价
DOI: 10.12449/JCH260416
Efficacy of Zishen Huoxue Formula in treatment of molecular-targeted therapy-associated proteinuria in patients with primary liver cancer
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摘要:
目的 探索滋肾活血方干预对原发性肝癌患者分子靶向药物相关蛋白尿的影响,评估该组方治疗对靶向药物相关蛋白尿的临床效果,进而为临床用药提供依据。 方法 采用回顾性队列研究,收集2022年1月1日—2025年7月1日中国人民解放军总医院肝病医学部诊治的靶向药物相关蛋白尿的肝癌患者临床信息,以滋肾活血方治疗作为暴露因素,将累积治疗时间≥9周的病例作为中药组,未用中药治疗的病例作为对照组。将两组患者性别、年龄、24 h尿蛋白定量、尿素及肌酐以1∶1配比进行倾向性评分匹配。正态分布的计量资料两组间比较采用成组t检验;非正态分布的计量资料两组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验。计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验。采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析靶向药物相关蛋白尿改善的影响因素。 结果 共纳入137例靶向药物相关蛋白尿的肝癌患者,其中中药组34例,对照组103例。经6个月随访观察,发现中药组患者尿蛋白分级较对照组显著改善(χ2=9.261,P=0.016)。经倾向性评分匹配后,中药组与对照组各25例患者,随访观察6个月后,结果显示,中药组患者的尿蛋白分级(χ2=15.689,P<0.001)和24 h尿蛋白定量(Z=-3.075,P=0.002)与对照组相比,差异均有统计学意义。服用滋肾活血方累积治疗时间≥9周后,中药组患者的24 h尿蛋白定量与基线的差值显著大于对照组(t=-2.514,P=0.016),且其肝肾功能在滋肾活血方干预前后差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,滋肾活血方治疗是改善靶向药物相关蛋白尿的独立影响因素(比值比=2.901,95%置信区间:1.135~7.417,P=0.026)。 结论 滋肾活血方能有效改善肝癌患者靶向药物相关蛋白尿,且安全性良好,为中医药防治肝癌靶向药物相关不良反应提供了新的参考。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the effect of Zishen Huoxue Formula (ZSXHF) on molecular-targeted therapy-associated proteinuria in patients with primary liver cancer (PLC), to assess the efficacy of ZSXHF in the treatment of molecular-targeted therapy-associated proteinuria, and to provide a basis for clinical medication. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted among the PLC patients with molecular-targeted therapy-associated proteinuria who were diagnosed and treated in The Department of Hepatology of Chinese PLA General Hospital, from January 1, 2022 to July 1, 2025. With ZSXHF treatment as the exposure factor, the patients with a cumulative treatment duration of ≥9 weeks were enrolled as traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) group, while those without TCM treatment were enrolled as control group. Propensity score matching was performed for the two groups at a ratio of 1∶1 based on sex, age, 24-hour urinary protein, blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the influencing factors for promoting the improvement of targeted-therapy-associated proteinuria. Results A total of 137 PLC patients with targeted-therapy-associated proteinuria were enrolled, with 34 patients in the TCM group and 103 in the control group. After follow-up for 6 months, the TCM group had a significant improvement in urinary protein grade compared with the control group (χ2=9.261, P=0.016). There were 25 patients in each group after propensity score matching, and after follow-up for 6 months, there were significant differences between the two groups in urinary protein grade (χ2=15.689, P<0.001) and 24-hour urinary protein (Z=-3.075, P=0.002). After cumulative treatment with ZSXHF for ≥9 weeks, the TCM group had a significantly greater change in 24-hour urinary protein from baseline compared with the control group (t=-2.514, P=0.016), while there were no significant differences in the changes in liver and renal function after ZSXHF intervention between the two groups (all P>0.05). The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that ZSXHF treatment (odds ratio=2.901, 95% confidence interval: 1.135 — 7.417, P=0.026) was an independent influencing factor for improvement in molecular-targeted therapy-associated proteinuria. Conclusion ZSHXF can effectively alleviate molecular-targeted therapy-associated proteinuria in PLC patients with a favorable safety profile, which provides a new reference for TCM prevention and treatment of molecular-targeted therapy-associated adverse reactions in PLC patients. -
表 1 两组患者基线资料比较
Table 1. Comparison of baseline characteristicsof patients between the two groups
指标 总计(n=137) 中药组(n=34) 对照组(n=103) 统计值 P值 年龄(岁) 58.20±9.47 59.24±8.92 57.86±9.66 t=-0.731 0.466 男[例(%)] 112(81.8) 25(73.5) 87(84.5) χ2=2.049 0.152 服用ACEI/ARB[例(%)] 43(31.4) 10(29.4) 33(32.0) χ2=0.082 0.834 尿蛋白分级[例(%)] χ2=1.309 0.537 + 66(48.2) 14(41.2) 52(50.5) ++ 56(40.9) 15(44.1) 41(39.8) +++ 15(10.9) 5(14.7) 10(9.7) 尿素(mmol/L) 5.5(4.3~6.9) 5.6(4.3~7.4) 5.5(4.3~6.9) Z=-0.329 0.742 血肌酐(μmol/L) 67(56~79) 63(52~73) 67(59~79) Z=-1.844 0.065 血清白蛋白(g/L) 34.7±5.5 33.3±4.6 35.2±5.7 t=1.769 0.079 ALT(U/L) 25(18~39) 23(19~41) 26(18~37) Z=-0.262 0.794 AST(U/L) 33(25~50) 36(26~71) 32(25~47) Z=-1.638 0.101 TBil(μmol/L) 14.6(10.3~20.3) 17.2(8.7~22.8) 13.8(10.4~19.1) Z=-0.541 0.589 INR 1.04(0.96~1.13) 1.05(0.97~1.12) 1.03(0.96~1.13) Z=-0.587 0.557 AFP(μg/mL) 7.83(2.92~133.85) 26.60(4.68~200.75) 6.95(2.84~72.29) Z=-1.578 0.115 注:ACEI,血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂;ARB,醛固酮拮抗剂;ALT,丙氨酸氨基转移酶;AST,天冬氨酸氨基转移酶;TBil,总胆红素;INR,国际标准化比值;AFP,甲胎蛋白。
表 2 随访6个月后两组患者临床资料比较
Table 2. Comparison of clinical data between the two groups after 6 months of follow-up
指标 总计(n=137) 中药组(n=34) 对照组(n=103) 统计值 P值 尿蛋白分级[例(%)] χ2=9.261 0.016 - 2(1.5) 2(5.9) 0(0.0) + 61(44.5) 19(55.9) 42(40.8) ++ 66(48.2) 13(38.2) 53(51.5) +++ 8(5.8) 0(0.0) 8(7.8) 尿素(mmo/L) 5.9(4.4~7.4) 6.1(5.0~7.0) 5.9(4.2~7.4) Z=-0.726 0.468 血肌酐(μmol/L) 70(55~81) 59(52~71) 73(59~83) Z=-2.826 0.005 血清白蛋白(g/L) 33.0(30.0~37.0) 34.0(32.0~37.0) 33.0(29.0~37.0) Z=-1.195 0.232 ALT(U/L) 25(17~40) 27(17~44) 25(17~36) Z=-0.348 0.728 AST(U/L) 34(23~61) 40(27~66) 33(22~60) Z=-1.333 0.183 TBil(μmol/L) 12.6(9.7~18.9) 17.0(8.8~24.5) 12.5(9.8~17.9) Z=-1.102 0.271 INR 1.04(0.97~1.11) 1.05(0.96~1.09) 1.04(0.97~1.13) Z=-0.577 0.564 AFP(μg/mL) 8.06(2.86~221.00) 29.90(3.97~170.50) 6.87(2.72~259.50) Z=-1.013 0.311 注:ALT,丙氨酸氨基转移酶;AST,天冬氨酸氨基转移酶;TBil,总胆红素;INR,国际标准化比值;AFP,甲胎蛋白。
表 3 匹配后两组患者临床资料比较
Table 3. Comparison of clinical data of patients between the two groups after matching
指标 中药组(n=25) 对照组(n=25) 统计值 P值 基线 年龄(岁) 57.64±8.99 59.04±7.91 t=0.584 0.562 男[例(%)] 21(84.0) 21(84.0) χ2=0.000 >0.05 BCLC分期[例(%)] χ2=0.249 >0.05 A期 2(8.0) 2(8.0) B期 8(32.0) 9(36.0) C期 15(60.0) 14(56.0) D期 0(0.0) 0(0.0) CNLC分期[例(%)] χ2=0.358 >0.05 Ⅰ期 2(8.0) 3(12.0) Ⅱ期 9(36.0) 8(32.0) Ⅲ期 14(56.0) 14(56.0) Ⅳ期 0(0.0) 0(0.0) Child-Pugh分级[例(%)] χ2=0.081 0.777 A级 11(44.0) 12(48.0) B级 14(56.0) 13(52.0) C级 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 24 h尿蛋白定量(g) 1.101(0.444~2.602) 0.833(0.500~2.170) Z=-0.068 0.950 尿蛋白分级[例(%)] χ2=3.952 0.161 + 11(44.0) 6(24.0) ++ 10(40.0) 17(68.0) +++ 4(16.0) 2(8.0) 尿素(mmol/L) 5.73±1.91 5.53±1.33 t=-0.450 0.655 血肌酐(μmol/L) 67(57~74) 66(60~76) Z=-0.039 0.973 血清白蛋白(g/L) 33.8±4.8 34.0±4.3 t=0.185 0.854 ALT(U/L) 24(20~46) 33(20~47) Z=-0.272 0.791 AST(U/L) 49(27~76) 38(24~58) Z=-1.456 0.148 TBil(μmol/L) 18.5(9.9~24.2) 12.3(9.4~15.4) Z=-1.785 0.075 INR 1.07(0.98~1.13) 0.96(0.95~1.11) Z=-2.114 0.034 AFP(μg/mL) 9.82(3.53~109.60) 7.73(3.80~202.33) Z=-0.148 0.888 满足随访时间后观察1) 24 h尿蛋白定量(g) 0.515(0.316~1.181) 1.155(0.823~2.217) Z=-3.075 0.002 尿蛋白分级[例(%)] χ2=15.689 <0.001 - 2(8.0) 0(0.0) + 14(56.0) 3(12.0) ++ 9(36.0) 19(76.0) +++ 0(0.0) 3(12.0) 尿素(mmol/L) 6.20±2.11 6.05±1.85 t=-0.271 0.787 血肌酐(μmol/L) 62(55~71) 72(57~81) Z=-1.528 0.129 血清白蛋白(g/L) 34.6±3.8 32.6±4.5 t=-1.664 0.103 ALT(U/L) 24(17~44) 25(20~45) Z=-0.609 0.549 AST(U/L) 34(27~64) 33(23~71) Z=-0.774 0.445 TBil(μmol/L) 17.2(8.6~24.5) 10.6(8.3~12.5) Z=-1.894 0.058 INR 1.05(0.95~1.09) 1.01(0.96~1.08) Z=-0.748 0.461 AFP(μg/mL) 8.89(3.12~110.00) 8.79(3.87~732.00) Z=-0.581 0.569 24 h尿蛋白定量与基线的差值(g) 0.698±1.032 -0.130±1.232 t=-2.514 0.016 注:1)满足随访观察≥6个月,且中药组满足滋肾活血方累积治疗时间≥9周。ALT,丙氨酸氨基转移酶;AST,天冬氨酸氨基转移酶;TBil,总胆红素;INR,国际标准化比值;AFP,甲胎蛋白。
表 4 靶向药物相关蛋白尿肝癌患者的Logistic回归分析
Table 4. Logistic regression analysis in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with targeted therapy-associated proteinuria
变量 单因素分析 多因素分析 OR(95%CI) P值 OR(95%CI) P值 年龄 1.026(0.981~1.074) 0.262 1.025(0.976~1.077) 0.319 性别(男=0,女=1) 0.737(0.230~2.359) 0.607 0.447(0.128~1.557) 0.206 滋肾活血方治疗(否=0,是=1) 3.200(1.312~7.803) 0.011 2.901(1.135~7.417) 0.026 基线尿素 1.121(0.946~1.328) 0.189 基线血肌酐 1.013(0.986~1.041) 0.344 基线低白蛋白血症(否=0,是=1) 0.281(0.110~0.719) 0.008 0.305(0.115~0.807) 0.017 基线AFP 1.000(1.000~1.000) 0.597 注:AFP,甲胎蛋白;OR,比值比;95%CI,95%置信区间。
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