柴胡疏肝散加减方对胆囊胆固醇结石肝郁证小鼠模型的治疗作用及其机制
DOI: 10.12449/JCH260219
Therapeutic effect and mechanism of modified Chaihu Shugan Powder on a mouse model of gallbladder cholesterol stone with liver depression syndrome
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摘要:
目的 探讨柴胡疏肝散加减方对胆囊胆固醇结石(CS)肝郁证胆囊异常舒张的作用机制,进而为临床用药提供依据。 方法 采用“高脂致石饲料+慢性不可预知轻度应激(CUMS)”建立CS肝郁证小鼠模型。将45只C57BL/6雄性小鼠随机分为空白组(6只,普通饲料)和CS造模组(39只,高脂致石饲料)。CS成模后,将CS造模组再次随机分为CS组、CS肝郁组、中药组(柴胡疏肝散加减方)和西药组(熊去氧胆酸),每组各9只;继续高脂致石饲料喂养,除CS组外,其余3组进行21天的CUMS造模,干预结束后取材。检测血清胆囊收缩素(CCK)、肝功能、血脂相关指标;肝、胆囊组织行苏木精-伊红染色;RT-qPCR与Western Blot分别检测肠道G蛋白偶联胆汁酸受体1(TGR5)、胰高血糖素样肽-1/2(GLP-1/2)和胆囊TGR5、胰高血糖素样肽-2受体(GLP-2R)的mRNA及蛋白表达;代谢组学检测肠内容物胆汁酸组成。计量资料两组间比较采用成组t检验;多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t法或Games-Howell法。 结果 与空白组相比,CS组出现明显胆囊结石、胆汁浑浊,肝脂肪变性及胆囊壁结构异常,行为学结果表明焦虑与抑郁样行为增加;胆汁总胆固醇、血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶及低密度脂蛋白水平显著升高,胆汁总胆汁酸(TBA)、血清CCK及高密度脂蛋白(HDL)水平显著降低(P值均<0.05);肠GLP-1/2、TGR5 mRNA表达均显著升高,胆GLP-2R、TGR5的蛋白表达显著升高,mRNA表达显著降低(P值均<0.05);肠内容物多种胆汁酸成分显著改变(P值均<0.05)。与CS组相比,CS肝郁组病理及行为学表现进一步加重,胆汁酸成分改变,肠TGR5、GLP-1/2及胆TGR5、GLP-2R的蛋白和mRNA表达均升高(P值均<0.01)。与CS肝郁组相比,两用药组均能改善胆囊形态,减轻结石及肝损伤,恢复肝功能及血脂水平;并且均可显著降低肠TGR5、GLP-1/2及胆TGR5、GLP-2R的蛋白和mRNA表达(P值均<0.05);甘氨脱氧胆酸、牛磺α-鼠胆酸与牛磺鹅脱氧胆酸在中药组显著上调(P值均<0.05),西药组则见牛磺猪脱氧胆酸、牛磺α-鼠胆酸、牛磺鹅脱氧胆酸、甘氨脱氧胆酸和甘氨熊脱氧胆酸显著上调(P值均<0.05)。与西药组相比,中药组行为学改善更明显,胆汁TBA和血清HDL更高(P值均<0.01),肠TGR5、GLP-1/2及胆TGR5、GLP-2R的蛋白表达降低,肠TGR5的mRNA表达降低(P值均<0.01),牛磺熊脱氧胆酸上调,而甘氨熊脱氧胆酸、牛磺猪脱氧胆酸、牛磺鹅脱氧胆酸和牛磺石胆酸显著下调(P值均<0.05)。 结论 柴胡疏肝散加减方可通过调控胆汁酸-TGR5轴改善CS肝郁证肝功能及胆囊异常舒张,发挥疏肝解郁、行气利胆的治疗作用。 -
关键词:
- 胆囊结石病 /
- 肝郁 /
- 柴胡疏肝散 /
- 小鼠,近交C57BL
Abstract:Objective To investigate the mechanism of action of modified Chaihu Shugan Powder in the treatment of abnormal gallbladder relaxation in gallbladder cholesterol stone (CS) with liver depression syndrome, and to provide a basis for clinical medication. Methods Mice were given a high-fat lithogenic diet combined with chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) to establish a model of CS. A total of 45 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into blank group (6 mice fed a normal diet) and CS group (39 mice fed a high-fat lithogenic diet). After CS modeling, the CS group was further randomly divided into four subgroups of CS group, CS liver depression group, traditional Chinese medicine group (treated with modified Chaihu Shugan Powder), and Western medicine group (treated with ursodeoxycholic acid), with 9 mice in each group. All subgroups were fed with the high-fat lithogenic diet, and all mice except those in the CS group were given 21 days of CUMS for modeling. Samples were collected after intervention. The serum levels of cholecystokinin (CCK), liver function parameters, and blood lipid profiles were measured; HE staining was performed for liver and gallbladder tissue; qPCR and Western blot were used to measure the mRNA and protein expression levels of G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (TGR5) and glucagon-likepeptide-1/2 (GLP-1/2) in the intestine and TGR5 and glucagon-like peptide-2 receptor (GLP-2R) in gallbladder; metabolomics methods were used to determine bile acid composition in intestinal contents. The independent-samples t-test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups; a one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison between multiple groups, and the least significant difference t-test or the Games-Howell method was used for further comparison between two groups. Results Compared with the blank group, the CS group showed significant gallstone formation, bile turbidity, hepatic steatosis, abnormal gallbladder wall structure, and significant increases in anxiety- and depression-like behaviors based on behavioral tests; significant increases in the level of total cholesterol in bile and the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and low-density lipoprotein and significant reductions in the level of total bile acid (TBA) in bile and the serum levels of CCK and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (all P<0.05); significant increases in the mRNA expression levels of GLP-1/2 and TGR5 in the intestine and the protein expression levels of GLP-2R and TGR5 in the gallbladder and significant reductions in the mRNA expression levels of GLP-2R and TGR5 in the gallbladder (all P<0.05); significant changes in multiple bile acid components in intestinal contents (all P<0.05). Compared with the CS group, the CS liver depression group had further aggravation of pathological and behavioral manifestations, changes in bile acid composition, significant increases in the protein and mRNA expression levels of TGR5 and GLP-1/2 in the intestine, and significant increases in the protein and mRNA expression levels of TGR5 and GLP-2R in the gallbladder (all P<0.01). Compared with the CS liver depression group, both treatment groups had an improvement in gallbladder morphology, alleviation of stones and liver injury, and recovery of liver function and blood lipid levels, as well as significant reductions in the protein and mRNA expression levels of TGR5 and GLP-1/2 in the intestine and TGR5 and GLP-2R in the gallbladder (all P<0.05); the traditional Chinese medicine group showed significant increases in glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA), tauro-α-muricholic acid (T-α-MCA), and taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA) (all P<0.05), while the Western medicine group showed significant increases in taurohyodeoxycholic acid, T-α-MCA, TCDCA, GDCA, and glycoursodeoxycholic acid (all P<0.05). Compared with the Western medicine group, the traditional Chinese medicine group had significantly greater behavioral improvements, significantly higher levels of TBA in bile and serum HDL (both P<0.01), significant reductions in the protein expression levels of TGR5 and GLP-1/2 in the intestine and TGR5 and GLP-2R in the gallbladder, and a significant reduction in the mRNA expression level of TGR5 in the intestine (all P<0.01), as well as a significant increase in tauroursodeoxycholic acid and significant reductions in glycoursodeoxycholic acid, taurohyodeoxycholic acid, TCDCA, and taurolithocholic acid (all P<0.05). Conclusion Modified Chaihu Shugan Powder can improve liver function and abnormal gallbladder relaxation in CS with liver depression syndrome by regulating the bile acid-TGR5 axis, thereby exerting the therapeutic effect of soothing the liver, resolving depression, moving Qi, and promoting bile flow. -
Key words:
- Cholecystolithiasis /
- Stagnation of Liver Qi /
- Chai Hu Shu Gan San /
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
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表 1 引物序列
Table 1. Primer sequences
引物 序列(5'-3') 长度(bp) GAPDH 151 F 5'-TGTGTCCGTCGTGGATCTGA-3' R 5'-TTGCTGTTGAAGTCGCAGGAG-3' GLP-1/2 118 F 5'-CCAGAAGAAGTCGCCATTGCC-3' R 5'-TCAGCCAGTTGATGAAGTCCCT-3' GLP-2R 190 F 5'-TCTTCTTGTTCCTTCGAAAACTGC-3' R 5'-GAGCGGCAGGAGGCAGAAAT-3' TGR5 135 F 5'-TTATGGCCTCCTGTTGCCTG-3' R 5'-GCCAGGGTTGAGGGTACATC-3' 注:GAPDH,甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶,本实验所选内参基因;GLP-1/2,胰高血糖素样肽-1/2;GLP-2R,胰高血糖素样肽-2受体;TGR5,G蛋白偶联胆汁酸受体1。
表 2 各组小鼠肝郁造模前后体重、肝重及肝脏系数变化
Table 2. Body weight, liver weight and liver coefficient of mice in each group before and after liver depression modeling
组别 动物数(只) 造模前体重(g) 造模后 体重(g) 肝重(g) 肝脏系数(%) 空白组 6 27.35±0.75 28.01±0.35 1.27±0.06 44.55±2.12 CS组 9 30.68±0.681) 32.14±0.681) 1.89±0.061) 61.12±1.501) CS肝郁组 9 30.72±0.401) 26.13±0.652) 2.10±0.052) 78.52±2.932) 中药组 9 29.87±0.121) 29.11±0.973) 1.77±0.103) 62.80±2.513) 西药组 9 30.77±0.621) 27.11±1.103)4) 1.85±0.083)4) 67.94±3.533)4) F值 47.21 89.39 120.70 156.53 P值 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 注:与空白组相比,1)P<0.01;与CS组相比,2)P<0.01;与CS肝郁组相比,3)P<0.01;与中药组相比,4)P<0.05。CS,胆固醇结石。肝脏系数=肝重/体重×100%。
表 3 各组小鼠旷场实验
Table 3. Open field test of mice in each group
组别 动物数(只) 移动总距离(mm) 中心停留时间(s) 造模前 造模后 造模前 造模后 空白组 4 17 015.81±400.57 18 122.23±1 450.42 43.27±4.21 45.01±7.25 CS组 4 15 913.23±2 018.68 15 734.50±1 381.681) 40.25±2.88 31.61±7.401) CS肝郁组 4 15 154.36±1 453.04 8 930.80±807.282) 40.90±11.27 18.08±5.682) 中药组 4 16 156.59±939.05 13 356.06±547.003) 36.01±7.34 29.16±3.573) 西药组 4 15 610.81±1 458.77 9 399.90±992.704) 35.03±8.07 23.99±4.63 F值 1.029 53.202 0.883 11.684 P值 0.424 <0.001 0.497 <0.001 注:与空白组相比,1)P<0.01;与CS组相比,2)P<0.01;与CS肝郁组相比,3)P<0.05;与中药组相比,4)P<0.01。CS,胆固醇结石。
表 4 各组小鼠强迫游泳实验不动时间
Table 4. Immobility time of forced swimming test in mice of each group
组别 动物数(只) 造模前(s) 造模后(s) 空白组 4 45.71±7.65 63.46±5.83 CS组 4 40.39±9.47 78.02±23.01 CS肝郁组 4 38.09±6.44 105.15±6.091) 中药组 4 43.46±9.02 75.76±8.512) 西药组 4 46.35±9.70 89.42±18.31 F值 0.678 4.902 P值 0.617 0.010 注:与CS组相比,1)P<0.05;与CS肝郁组相比,2)P<0.05。
表 5 各组小鼠悬尾实验不动时间
Table 5. Immobility time of tail suspension test in each group of mice
组别 动物数(只) 造模前(s) 造模后(s) 空白组 4 86.75±25.57 90.59±19.33 CS组 4 100.86±4.51 100.68±27.50 CS肝郁组 4 94.96±25.90 157.17±22.981) 中药组 4 86.33±17.67 100.02±5.872) 西药组 4 92.97±8.87 105.65±28.522) F值 0.424 5.594 P值 0.789 0.006 注:与CS组相比,1)P<0.01;与CS肝郁组相比,2)P<0.01。
表 6 各组小鼠糖水实验糖水消耗率
Table 6. Sugar water consumption rate of mice in each group
组别 动物数(只) 造模前(%) 造模后(%) 空白组 4 57.43±2.43 59.46±4.79 CS组 4 53.15±9.73 54.60±1.11 CS肝郁组 4 55.79±2.54 39.09±4.321) 中药组 4 57.20±7.68 56.75±3.382) 西药组 4 56.64±4.33 44.64±10.113) F值 0.327 9.574 P值 0.856 <0.001 注:与CS组相比,1)P<0.01;与CS肝郁组相比,2)P<0.01;与中药组相比,3)P<0.01。CS,胆固醇结石。
表 7 各组小鼠胆汁TC、TBA及血清CCK含量
Table 7. Content of TC and TBA in bile and CCK in serum of mice in each group
组别 动物数
(只)TC(mmol/L) TBA(μmol/L) CCK(pg/mL) 空白组 4 2.10±0.25 17.05±0.79 313.00±6.14 CS组 4 3.12±0.351) 12.47±0.531) 251.07±6.981) CS肝郁组 4 4.34±0.352) 10.50±1.002) 174.13±23.542) 中药组 4 3.33±0.143) 14.76±0.883) 229.72±6.13 西药组 4 3.57±0.143) 12.76±0.733)4) 198.46±33.02 F值 46.752 48.327 32.220 P值 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 注:与空白组相比,1)P<0.01;与CS组相比,2)P<0.05;与CS肝郁组相比,3)P<0.01;与中药组相比,4)P<0.01。TC,总胆固醇;TBA,总胆汁酸;CCK,胆囊收缩素;CS,胆固醇结石。
表 8 各组小鼠血清ALT、AST、HDL和LDL含量
Table 8. Serum ALT, AST, HDL and LDL levels in each group of mice
组别 动物数(只) ALT(U/L) AST(U/L) HDL(mmol/L) LDL(mmol/L) 空白组 5 64.23±9.20 109.13±9.55 1.86±0.23 0.35±0.04 CS组 5 194.28±33.581) 211.23±38.591) 1.47±0.211) 1.44±0.141) CS肝郁组 5 249.22±51.48 270.80±25.78 1.02±0.262) 1.91±0.352) 中药组 5 120.21±27.933) 204.82±15.403) 1.70±0.173) 1.20±0.133) 西药组 5 172.49±14.44 183.02±17.283) 1.16±0.354) 1.35±0.243) F值 25.825 30.606 9.931 37.601 P值 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 注:与空白组相比,1)P<0.05;与CS组相比,2)P<0.05;与CS肝郁组相比,3)P<0.05;与中药组相比,4)P<0.01。ALT,丙氨酸氨基转移酶;AST,天冬氨酸氨基转移酶;HDL,高密度脂蛋白;LDL,低密度脂蛋白;CS,胆固醇结石。
表 9 各组小鼠肠GLP-1/2、TGR5与胆囊GLP-2R、TGR5的mRNA相对表达量
Table 9. Relative mRNA expression of intestinal GLP1/2, TGR5 and gallbladder GLP2R, TGR5 in each group of mice
组别 动物数(只) 肠GLP-1/2 肠TGR5 胆GLP-2R 胆TGR5 空白组 3 1.00±0.03 0.97±0.05 0.99±0.07 1.01±0.04 CS组 3 2.66±0.061) 1.21±0.041) 0.77±0.031) 0.84±0.101) CS肝郁组 3 5.39±0.292) 2.29±0.132) 1.32±0.182) 1.28±0.112) 中药组 3 3.16±0.173) 1.22±0.163) 0.94±0.083) 0.87±0.073) 西药组 3 3.57±0.603) 1.59±0.033)4) 0.93±0.083) 0.89±0.063) F值 105.225 111.967 16.664 19.635 P值 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 注:与空白组相比,1)P<0.05;与CS组相比,2)P<0.01;与CS肝郁组相比,3)P<0.05;与中药组相比,4)P<0.01。GLP-1/2,胰高血糖素样肽-1/2;TGR5,G蛋白偶联胆汁酸受体1;GLP-2R,胰高血糖素样肽-2受体;CS,胆固醇结石。
表 10 各组小鼠肠GLP-1/2、TGR5与胆囊GLP-2R、TGR5的蛋白相对表达量
Table 10. The relative protein expression of intestinal GLP-1/2, TGR5 and gallbladder GLP2-R, TGR5 in each group of mice
组别 动物数(只) 肠GLP-1/2 肠TGR5 胆GLP-2R 胆TGR5 空白组 3 0.25±0.01 0.47±0.07 0.63±0.05 0.37±0.03 CS组 3 0.50±0.041) 0.66±0.051) 1.03±0.111) 0.65±0.031) CS肝郁组 3 0.74±0.022) 0.94±0.022) 1.49±0.052) 1.07±0.042) 中药组 3 0.43±0.023) 0.67±0.053) 1.04±0.033) 0.62±0.043) 西药组 3 0.54±0.043)4) 0.80±0.033)4) 1.28±0.093)4) 0.76±0.073)4) F值 120.580 41.464 63.365 106.892 P值 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 注:与空白组相比,1)P<0.01;与CS组相比,2)P<0.01;与CS肝郁组相比,3)P<0.01;与中药组相比,4)P<0.01。GLP-1/2,胰高血糖素样肽-1/2;TGR5,G蛋白偶联胆汁酸受体1;GLP-2R,胰高血糖素样肽-2受体;CS,胆固醇结石。
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