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经颈静脉肝内门体分流术治疗肝硬化伴食管胃静脉曲张破裂出血患者术后生存预测模型的建立和验证

尹晓春 诸葛宇征 张峰

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经颈静脉肝内门体分流术治疗肝硬化伴食管胃静脉曲张破裂出血患者术后生存预测模型的建立和验证

DOI: 10.12449/JCH250618
基金项目: 

国家自然科学基金 (82370628)

伦理学声明:本研究方案于2019年1月22日由南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院临床研究伦理委员会批准,批号:2018-276-02。所有治疗和检测均获得患者或家属知情同意,均签署知情同意书。
利益冲突声明:本文不存在任何利益冲突。
作者贡献声明:尹晓春负责设计论文框架,拟定写作思路,收集数据及统计学分析,绘制图表,起草论文;张峰和诸葛宇征负责文章的审阅和修改。
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    通信作者:

    张峰, fzdndx@126.com (ORCID: 0000-0002-3653-5977)

Establishment and validation of a predictive model for survival after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in patients with liver cirrhosis and esophagogastric variceal bleeding

Research funding: 

National Natural Science Foundation of China (82370628)

More Information
    Corresponding author: ZHANG Feng, fzdndx@126.com (ORCID: 0000-0002-3653-5977)
  • 摘要:   目的  以肝硬化伴食管胃静脉曲张破裂出血(EGVB)患者为研究对象,综合评估经颈静脉肝内门体分流术(TIPS)后生存相关危险因素,构建TIPS术后生存预测模型。  方法  收集2015年1月—2018年12月在南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院消化内科接受TIPS治疗的352例肝硬化伴EGVB患者的临床资料,并按照7∶3的比例随机分配至训练组(n=248)和验证组(n=104)。采用Cox回归分析筛选出影响TIPS术后生存的独立危险因素,构建预测模型列线图;采用一致性指数(C-index)和受试者操作特征曲线(ROC曲线)评估模型的区分能力,同时通过校准曲线评估模型预测价值。符合正态分布的计量资料两组间比较采用成组t检验;非正态分布的计量资料两组间比较采用Wilcoxon秩和检验。计数资料两组间比较采用χ2检验。通过Kaplan-Meier分析计算累积生存率。  结果  训练组患者的1、3、5年累积生存率分别为91.1%、79.5%和77.0%。Cox多因素回归分析结果显示,年龄(HR=1.047,95%CI:1.032~1.092,P<0.001)、MELD评分(HR=1.127,95%CI:1.003~1.268,P=0.045)和血清钠水平(HR=0.928,95%CI:0.878~0.981,P=0.008)是患者生存的独立影响因素,并以此建立预测模型和列线图。训练组和验证组预测模型C-index分别为0.760和0.757。训练组列线图预测1、3、5年生存率的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.807、0.788和0.787。校准曲线显示列线图预测与实际结果一致性较好。  结论  基于年龄、MELD评分和血清钠构建了预测肝硬化伴EGVB患者TIPS术后生存的列线图模型,该模型具有良好的区分度与准确度。

     

  • 图  1  TIPS术后1、3和5年总生存率的列线图预测模型

    Figure  1.  Nomogram for predicting 1-,3-, and 5-year overall survival

    注: a~c,训练组;d~f,验证组。

    图  2  训练组和验证组中模型预测TIPS术后1、3、5年总生存率的ROC曲线

    Figure  2.  ROC curves for predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS in the training cohort and validation cohort

    注: a~c,训练组;d~f,验证组。

    图  3  训练组和验证组中模型预测TIPS术后1、3、5年总生存率的校准曲线

    Figure  3.  Calibration plots of the nomogram for 1-, 3- and 5-year OS prediction of the training cohort and validation cohort

    表  1  基线特征比较

    Table  1.   Clinical characteristics of patients

    指标 训练组(n=248) 验证组(n=104) 统计值 P
    年龄(岁) 55.25±11.45 58.96±11.59 t=0.765 0.352
    男[例(%)] 151(60.9) 65(62.5) χ2=0.080 0.777
    Child-Pugh评分(分) 7.34±1.36 7.23±1.23 t=0.723 0.470
    Child-Pugh分级(A/B/C,例) 71/164/13 26/76/2 χ2=2.763 0.251
    MELD评分(分) 10.33±2.41 10.58±2.30 t=0.900 0.369
    MELD-Na评分(分) 10.89±3.97 11.37±4.73 t=0.967 0.334
    凝血酶原时间(s) 14.84±1.88 14.92±2.05 t=0.382 0.703
    INR 1.29±0.16 1.30±0.18 t=0.491 0.624
    纤维蛋白原(g/L) 1.57±0.59 1.60±0.70 t=0.382 0.700
    D-二聚体(mg/L) 1.97(0.75~3.96) 1.91(0.64~3.99) Z=0.099 0.921
    ALT(U/L) 21.50(15.65~33.10) 18.70(14.15~27.05) Z=1.069 0.285
    AST(U/L) 28.70(22.20~39.90) 27.20(20.20~27.20) Z=0.462 0.644
    总胆红素(μmol/L) 18.20(12.95~25.75) 18.10(13.10~24.75) Z=0.327 0.744
    白蛋白(g/L) 32.55±4.23 32.46±4.51 t=0.176 0.860
    SCr(μmol/L) 63.00±19.92 68.06±25.68 t=0.988 0.348
    血清钠(μmol/L) 139.91±4.17 139.35±4.95 t=1.134 0.256
    白细胞计数(×109/L) 2.90(1.95~4.50) 3.10(1.85~4.95) Z=0.171 0.865
    血小板计数(×109/L) 65.00(43.00~114.00) 73.00(45.00~133.50) Z=0.278 0.781
    肝硬化病因(例)
    病毒性/酒精性/免疫性/其他 158/17/31/42 52/8/12/32 χ2=8.706 0.227
    腹水(无/轻/中/重,例) 51/84/84/29 27/36/27/14 χ2=2.616 0.455
    脾切除史[例(%)] 54(21.77) 18(17.31) χ2=0.898 0.343
    合并糖尿病[例(%)] 41(16.53) 28(26.92) χ2=5.020 0.125
    既往HE[例(%)] 9(3.62) 3(2.88) χ2=0.123 0.725
    支架直径(6/7/8 mm,例) 57/39/152 29/19/56 χ2=1.695 0.428

    注:INR,国际标准化比值;SCr,血清肌酐。

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  训练队列单因素和多因素 Cox回归分析结果

    Table  2.   Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis

    变量 单因素分析 多因素分析
    HR(95%CI P HR(95%CI P
    年龄(岁) 1.052(1.025~1.079) <0.001 1.047(1.032~1.092) <0.001
    性别 0.621(0.340~1.135) 0.122
    肝硬化病因
    病毒性 1.000
    酒精性 0.685(0.210~2.231) 0.530
    免疫性 1.380(0.662~2.878) 0.390
    其他 1.238(0.627~2.444) 0.538
    Child-Pugh评分(分) 1.440(1.184~1.752) <0.001 1.253(0.964~1.629) 0.091
    MELD评分(分) 1.187(1.092~1.291) <0.001 1.127(1.003~1.268) 0.045
    MELD-Na评分(分) 1.072(1.033~1.113) <0.001
    凝血酶原时间(s) 1.162 (1.011~1.335) 0.035
    INR 6.921(1.374~34.865) 0.019
    纤维蛋白原(g/L) 0.942(0.559~1.586) 0.821
    D-二聚体(mg/L) 1.002(0.968~1.037) 0.907
    ALT(U/L) 0.998(0.992~1.005) 0.639
    AST(U/L) 0.998(0.981~1.006) 0.656
    总胆红素(μmol/L) 1.006(1.000~1.013) 0.040
    白蛋白(g/L) 0.919(0.858~0.983) 0.014
    SCr(μmol/L) 1.009(0.999~1.020) 0.088
    血清钠(μmol/L) 0.922(0.876~0.970) 0.002 0.928(0.878~0.981) 0.008
    白细胞计数(×109/L) 1.108(1.035~1.185) 0.003 1.064(0.991~1.142) 0.087
    血小板计数(×109/L) 0.999(0.994~1.003) 0.506
    既往HE 1.002(0.989~1.016) 0.713
    脾切除史 1.316(0.641~2.704) 0.455
    合并糖尿病 2.259(1.236~4.129) 0.008 1.806(0.967~3.372) 0.064
    Child-Pugh分级
    A级 1.000
    B级 1.712(0.849~3.450) 0.133
    C级 3.783(1.291~11.086) 0.015
    腹水
    1.000
    0.756(0.308~1.853) 0.540
    1.337(0.673~2.655) 0.407
    2.642(1.207~5.783) 0.015

    注:性别赋值:0=女,1=男;肝硬化病因赋值:1=病毒性,2=酒精性,3=免疫学,4=其他;既往HE赋值:0=无,1=有;脾切除史赋值:0=无,1=有;合并糖尿病赋值:0=无,1=有;Child-Pugh分级赋值:0=A级,1=B级,2=C级;腹水赋值:0=无,1=轻,2=中,3=重。

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  模型评估

    Table  3.   Models evaluated

    模型 AUC AIC BIC
    列线图模型 0.807 293 304
    Child-Pugh评分 0.720 302 306
    MELD评分 0.702 309 313
    FIPS评分 0.713 522 536
    CLIF-C AD评分 0.777 296 310

    注:AIC,赤池信息准则;BIC,贝叶斯信息准则。CLIF-C AD=10×[(0.03×年龄)+0.66×ln(SCr÷88.4)+(1.71×lnINR)+(0.88×lnWBC)-(0.05×Na)+8],FIPS=1.43×lgTBil-88.4×1.71÷SCr+0.02×年龄-0.02×Alb。

    下载: 导出CSV
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