1 267例儿童慢性乙型肝炎患者血清转氨酶水平与肝组织炎症活动程度的相关性分析
DOI: 10.12449/JCH250610
Correlation between the serum levels of aminotransferases and liver inflammation activity in pediatric chronic hepatitis B patients: An analysis of 1 267 cases
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摘要:
目的 通过比较儿童慢性乙型肝炎(pCHB)患者血清转氨酶水平及其比值与肝组织炎症程度之间的关系,为pCHB患者治疗优势人群选择提供依据。 方法 收集中国人民解放军总医院第五医学中心2010年1月—2022年8月入院且未经抗病毒治疗的pCHB患者1 267例,分析患者的人口学特征、血常规、血生化、HBV血清学标志物和肝穿刺活检资料。根据肝穿刺活检炎症程度,将患者分为无或轻度炎症活动组(G0~G1)和显著炎症活动组(G2~G4),比较各组的血清转氨酶及其比值水平,分析其与pCHB患者肝脏炎症程度的相关性。同时,按照不同年龄分层,分析在不同年龄亚组中血清转氨酶水平与肝组织炎症程度的关系。正态分布的计量资料2组间比较采用成组t检验;非正态分布的计量资料2组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U秩和检验。计数资料2组间比较用χ2检验。相关性分析采用Spearman相关分析法。 结果 1 267例pCHB患者中G0~G1组468例(36.9%),G2~G4组799例(63.1%)。两组相比,AST、ALT、AST/ALT、GGT、总胆红素、直接胆红素、HBeAg定量、低密度脂蛋白、血小板水平差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。相关性分析显示,肝脏炎症活动程度与血小板、低密度脂蛋白水平呈负相关(P值均<0.05),与GGT、总胆红素、直接胆红素以及HBeAg滴度呈正相关(P值均<0.05),但与患者血清ALT、AST、AST/ALT比值均无相关性(P值均>0.05)。在0~12岁组、13~18岁男性组及13~18岁女性组患者中,肝脏炎症程度随着血清ALT、AST表达水平升高而加重,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。0~12岁组AST/ALT>1与AST/ALT≤1相比,肝脏显著炎症活动度差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。1 267例中ALT<2倍正常值上限(ULN)的患者447例(35.28%),其中G≥2有196例(43.85%),占所有入组患儿的15.47%。 结论 pCHB患者肝脏炎症活动程度与血清ALT、AST、AST/ALT比值无显著相关,血清转氨酶水平不能真实反映转氨酶<2×ULN的pCHB患者肝脏炎症活动;在临床实践中,针对转氨酶<2×ULN的患儿,建议行肝穿刺病理检查,进一步明确是否抗病毒治疗。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the correlation of the serum levels of aminotransferases and their ratios with liver inflammation activity in pediatric chronic hepatitis B (pCHB) patients, and to provide a basis for selecting the dominant population for treatment. Methods This study was conducted among 1 267 pCHB patients who were admitted to The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2010 to August 2022 and these patients did not receive antiviral therapy. The patients were analyzed in terms of demographic features, blood routine, blood biochemistry, HBV serological markers, and liver biopsy data. According to liver inflammation activity based on liver biopsy, the patients were divided into no or mild inflammation activity (G0 — G1) group and significant inflammation activity (G2 — G4) group. The serum levels of aminotransferases and their ratios were compared between groups, and their correlation with liver inflammation activity in pCHB patients was analyzed. Additionally, the patients were stratified by the age, and the relationship between serum aminotransferase levels and liver inflammation activity was analyzed in each age group. For comparison of continuous data between two groups, the independent samples t-test was used when the data were normally distributed, while the Mann-Whitney U test was used when the data were not normally distributed; the chi-square test was employed for comparison of categorical data between two groups. A Spearman’s correlation analysis was performed for correlation assessment. Results Among the 1 267 pCHB patients, there were 468 (36.9%) in the G0 — G1 group and 799 (63.1%) in the G2 — G4 group, and there were significant differences between the two groups in the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), AST/ALT ratio, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, HBeAg quantification, low-density lipoprotein, and platelet count (PLT) (all P<0.05). The correlation analysis showed that liver inflammation activity was negatively correlated with PLT and low-density lipoprotein (both P<0.05) and was positively correlated with GGT, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and HBeAg titer (all P<0.05), while it was not significantly correlated with ALT, AST, and AST/ALT ratio (all P>0.05). In the 0 — 12 years group, the 13 — 18 years male group, and the 13 — 18 years female group, liver inflammation activity aggravated with the increases in the serum levels of ALT and AST, and there were significant differences between groups (all P<0.05). In the 0 — 12 years group, there was a significant difference in significant liver inflammation activity between the AST/ALT ratio >1 group and the AST/ALT ratio ≤1 group (P<0.001). Among the 1 267 patients, 447 (35.28%) had an ALT level of <2×upper limit of normal (ULN), among whom 196 (43.85%) had G≥2 liver inflammation, accounting for 15.47% of all children enrolled. Conclusion Liver inflammation activity is not significantly correlated with ALT, AST, and AST/ALT ratio in pCHB patients, suggesting that the serum levels of aminotransferases cannot truly reflect liver inflammation activity in pCHB patients with an aminotransferase level of <2×ULN. In clinical practice, liver biopsy should be performed for children with an aminotransferase level of <2×ULN to clarify whether antiviral therapy should be performed. -
Key words:
- Hepatitis B, Chronic /
- Transaminases /
- Biopsy /
- Child
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表 1 pCHB患者肝脏不同炎症分级基线临床特征比较
Table 1. Comparison of clinical baseline characteristics of different levels of liver inflammation in patients with pCHB
指标 G0~G1组(n=468) G2~G4组(n=799) 统计值 P值 年龄(岁) 5.0(3.0~12.0) 6.0(3.0~12.0) Z=-0.123 0.902 男性[例(%)] 296(63.2) 520(65.1) χ2=0.433 0.511 BMI(kg/m²) 17.41±3.35 17.30±3.29 t=0.584 0.560 PLT(×109/L) 267.78±77.72 255.95±72.36 t=2.667 0.008 白蛋白(g/L) 45.58±9.40 45.21±9.86 t=0.632 0.528 ALT(U/L) 59.5(37.0~95.8) 109.0(65.0~217.0) Z=-12.932 <0.001 AST(U/L) 57(42~83) 94(62~169) Z=-12.861 <0.001 GGT(U/L) 14(11~19) 25(15~47) Z=-14.528 <0.001 AST/ALT 0.94(0.71~1.25) 0.81(0.64~1.14) Z=-4.198 <0.001 总胆红素(μmol/L) 6.60(4.90~9.10) 7.60(5.65~10.60) Z=-4.972 <0.001 直接胆红素(μmol/L) 2.10(1.40~3.10) 2.70(1.90~4.15) Z=-7.383 <0.001 高密度脂蛋白(mmol/L) 1.23±0.26 1.22±0.29 t=0.635 0.525 低密度脂蛋白(mmol/L) 2.41±0.58 2.33±0.58 t=2.138 0.033 肌酐(μmol/L) 49.28±15.55 48.47±15.26 t=0.869 0.385 HBsAg(log10 COI) 3.30(2.79~3.64) 3.30(2.96~3.62) Z=-1.465 0.143 HBeAg(log10 COI) 2.88(1.22~3.08) 3.04(2.01~3.17) Z=-6.724 <0.001 HBV DNA(log10 IU/mL) 7.42±1.78 7.41±1.38 t=0.144 0.885 表 2 pCHB患者肝脏炎症程度分级与临床指标相关性分析
Table 2. Correlation analysis between the grade of liver inflammation and clinical indicators in patients with pCHB
指标 相关系数 95%CI P值 ALT -0.003 -0.060~0.051 0.925 AST 0.006 -0.049~0.064 0.837 AST/ALT 0.022 -0.031~0.080 0.425 PLT -0.082 -0.140~-0.028 0.004 GGT 0.450 0.401~0.492 <0.001 总胆红素 0.169 0.116~0.226 <0.001 直接胆红素 0.238 0.180~0.293 <0.001 低密度脂蛋白 -0.075 -0.138~-0.014 0.016 HBeAg(log10 COI) 0.188 0.136~0.237 <0.001 表 3 957例0~12岁pCHB患者不同血清转氨酶水平的肝组织炎症活动程度比较
Table 3. Comparison of liver tissue inflammation activity with different serum aminotransferase levels in 957 patients aged 0~12 years with pCHB
项目 例数 G0~G1[例(%)] G2[例(%)] G3[例(%)] χ2值 P值 ALT 93.62 <0.001 <2×ULN 307 170(17.76) 134(14.00) 3(0.31) (2~5)×ULN 383 138(14.42) 239(24.97) 6(0.63) >5×ULN 267 44(4.60) 215(22.47) 8(0.84) AST 101.10 <0.001 <2×ULN 531 265(27.70) 260(27.17) 6(0.63) (2~5)×ULN 306 78(8.15) 220 (22.99) 8(0.84) >5×ULN 120 9(0.94) 108(11.29) 3(0.31) AST/ALT 16.02 <0.001 <1 562 179(18.70) 375(39.18) 8(0.84) ≥1 395 173(18.08) 213(22.26) 9(0.94) 表 4 238例13~18岁男性pCHB患者不同血清转氨酶水平的肝组织炎症活动程度比较
Table 4. Comparison of liver tissue inflammation activity with different serum aminotransferase levels in 238 male patients aged 13~18 years with pCHB
项目 例数 G0~G1[例(%)] G2[例(%)] G3[例(%)] χ2值 P值 ALT 46.56 <0.001 <2×ULN 112 61(25.63) 41(17.23) 10(4.20) (2~5)×ULN 67 19(7.98) 47(19.75) 1(0.42) >5×ULN 59 5(2.10) 51(21.43) 3(1.26) AST 27.75 <0.001 <2×ULN 129 63(26.47) 56(23.53) 10(4.20) (2~5)×ULN 75 18(7.56) 54(22.69) 3(1.26) >5×ULN 34 4(1.68) 29(12.18) 1(0.42) AST/ALT 3.44 0.179 <1 184 60(25.21) 113(47.48) 11(4.62) ≥1 54 25(10.50) 26(10.92) 3(1.26) 表 5 72例13~18岁女性pCHB患者不同血清转氨酶水平的肝组织炎症活动程度比较
Table 5. Comparison of liver tissue inflammation activity with different serum aminotransferase levels in 72 female patients aged 13~18 years with pCHB
项目 例数 G0~G1[例(%)] G2[例(%)] G3[例(%)] χ2值 P值 ALT 20.31 <0.001 <2×ULN 28 20(27.78) 6(8.33) 2(2.78) (2~5)×ULN 32 11(15.28) 19(26.39) 2(2.78) >5×ULN 12 0(0.00) 11(15.28) 1(1.39) AST 13.75 <0.001 <2×ULN 38 24(33.33) 12(16.67) 2(2.78) (2~5)×ULN 27 6(8.33) 19(26.39) 2(2.78) >5×ULN 7 1(1.39) 5(6.94) 1(1.39) AST/ALT 3.03 0.220 <1 45 16(22.22) 26(36.11) 3(4.17) ≥1 27 15(20.83) 10(13.89) 2(2.78) -
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