基于病证结合非酒精性脂肪性肝病湿浊内停证证候评价量表的初步构建
DOI: 10.12449/JCH250409
Construction of an evaluation scale for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with internal retention of dampness and turbidity based on the method of combining disease and syndrome
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摘要:
目的 研制非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)湿浊内停证证候评价量表,形成病证结合、具有中医特色的NAFLD评价工具。 方法 通过参照国际量表的研制指南,建立NAFLD湿浊内停证评价条目池。对2023年6月—2023年8月在河南中医药大学第一附属医院脾胃肝胆病科确诊为NAFLD,且辨证为湿浊内停证的门诊及住院患者进行临床调查,基于经典测量理论以及项目反应理论对条目进行筛选。编制专家问卷,依据德尔菲法进行专家讨论,筛选NAFLD湿浊内停证证候评价条目。最后,对量表进行科学赋分。 结果 初步构建条目池,共16条一级条目,22条二级条目,分为疾病和证型2个维度。临床预调查法建议保留9条一级条目,14条二级条目,德尔菲专家问卷法建议保留11条一级条目,15条二级条目,其中舌象、脉象不用于评价证候严重程度。经过层次分析及赋分,NAFLD湿浊内停证证候评价量表总分为123分,9个重要条目,包括胁肋不适、脘腹胀满、形体肥胖、头身困重、大便溏泄、食少纳呆、咳吐痰涎、恶心欲呕、嗜睡。 结论 初步编制出NAFLD湿浊内停证证候评价量表,填补该研究领域的空白,也为进一步的临床应用提供依据。 Abstract:Objective To develop a scale for evaluating the syndrome of internal retention of dampness and turbidity in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that combines disease and syndrome and has the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Methods An item pool was established for evaluating the syndrome of internal retention of dampness and turbidity in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with reference to the guideline for developing international scales. A clinical survey was conducted among the outpatients and inpatients who were diagnosed with NAFLD and had the syndrome of internal retention of dampness and turbidity in Department of Hepatology and Spleen-Stomach, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, from June to August, 2023, and the items were screened based on the classical test theory and the item response theory. An expert questionnaire was developed, and expert discussions were conducted using the Delphi method to identify the items for evaluating the syndrome of internal retention of dampness and turbidity in NAFLD. Finally, the scale was given scientific scores. Results A preliminary item pool was established, with 16 primary items and 22 secondary items, and it was divided into the two dimensions of disease and syndrome type. Clinical pre-survey suggested to retain 9 primary items and 14 secondary items, while the Delphi expert questionnaire recommended to retain 11 primary items and 15 secondary items, and tongue manifestation and pulse manifestation were no longer used for assessing the severity of syndrome. After hierarchical analysis and scientific assignment of scores, the scale for evaluating the syndrome of internal retention of dampness and turbidity in NAFLD had a total score of 123 points and 9 important items, i.e., discomfort in the hypochondrium, abdominal fullness and distension, obesity, heaviness of the head and body, loose stool, anorexia, coughing up phlegm, nausea with a tendency to vomit, and lethargy. Conclusion A preliminary scale is established for evaluating the syndrome of internal retention of dampness and turbidity in NAFLD, which fills the gap in this research field and provides a basis for further clinical application. -
表 1 NAFLD湿浊内停证证候评价量表的条目框架
Table 1. Framework of the scale for evaluating dampness-turbidity syndrome in NAFLD
维度 一级条目 二级条目 疾病维度 胁肋不适 发生频率、持续时间、程度 脘腹胀满 发生频率、持续时间、程度 头晕头痛 程度 胸闷心悸 程度 皮肤暗沉 程度 月经不调/阳痿早泄 程度 证型维度 形体肥胖 程度 头身困重 发生频率、程度 大便溏泄 程度 食少纳呆 程度 咳吐痰涎 程度 恶心欲呕 程度 口淡不欲饮 程度 嗜睡 程度 舌象 舌形、舌苔 脉象 脉象 表 2 经典测量理论相关结果
Table 2. Results of classical test theory
条目 删除项后的系数 平均值 标准差 相关系数 公因子1 公因子2 公因子3 公因子4 公因子5 公因子6 公因子7 胁肋不适(频率) 0.733 0.920 0.957 0.410 0.809 胁肋不适(时间) 0.755 0.760 0.841 0.472 0.770 胁肋不适(程度) 0.746 0.780 0.817 0.471 0.776 脘腹胀满(频率) 0.742 1.560 0.963 0.468 0.627 脘腹胀满(时间) 0.725 1.490 0.914 0.460 0.663 脘腹胀满(程度) 0.746 1.380 0.830 0.474 0.647 头晕头痛 0.804 0.330 0.620 0.355 0.424 胸闷心悸 0.788 0.360 0.633 0.306 0.470 皮肤暗沉 0.795 0.200 0.418 -0.024 0.513 月经不调/阳痿早泄 0.791 0.170 0.456 0.059 0.338 形体肥胖 0.752 1.640 0.732 0.459 0.570 头身困重(频率) 0.734 1.450 1.009 0.524 0.631 头身困重(程度) 0.741 1.230 0.910 0.469 0.596 大便溏泄 0.741 1.000 0.798 0.402 0.563 食少纳呆 0.789 0.240 0.562 0.222 0.510 咳吐痰涎 0.786 1.030 0.896 0.313 0.515 恶心欲呕 0.780 0.720 0.638 0.334 0.501 口淡不欲饮 0.788 0.260 0.516 0.252 0.396 嗜睡 0.781 0.600 0.733 0.369 0.423 舌形 0.752 0.920 0.588 0.210 0.576 舌苔 0.780 0.800 0.594 0.080 0.400 脉象 0.781 0.560 0.498 0.277 0.391 表 3 单调性检验结果
Table 3. Results of monotonicity test
条目 拟合优度 自由度 RMSEA P值 胁肋不适(频率) 49.670 46 0.017 0.329 胁肋不适(时间) 50.075 39 0.032 0.110 胁肋不适(程度) 46.087 40 0.024 0.235 脘腹胀满(频率) 30.210 25 0.028 0.217 脘腹胀满(时间) 29.096 26 0.021 0.307 脘腹胀满(程度) 22.274 20 0.021 0.326 头晕头痛 110.012 27 0.107 0 胸闷心悸 187.031 24 0.159 0 皮肤暗沉 33.157 21 0.046 0.045 月经不调/阳痿早泄 19.033 17 0.021 0.327 形体肥胖 20.999 33 0 0.948 头身困重(频率) 72.225 52 0.038 0.033 头身困重(程度) 59.999 49 0.029 0.135 大便溏泄 36.718 43 0 0.739 食少纳呆 153.63 24 0.141 0 咳吐痰涎 54.975 49 0.021 0.259 恶心欲呕 26.723 29 0 0.587 口淡不欲饮 34.274 20 0.051 0.024 嗜睡 34.329 39 0 0.683 舌形 23.536 32 0 0.861 舌苔 44.668 32 0.038 0.068 脉象 17.774 22 0 0.719 表 4 第1轮专家问卷基本情况
Table 4. Information on the first round of the expert questionnaire
一级条目 平均值 标准差 变异系数 最大值 贡献度最大频次 比例 贡献度≥3频次 比例 最小值 无贡献度频次 胁肋不适 4.67 0.55 0.12 5 21 70.00% 30 100.00% 3 0 脘腹胀满 3.87 0.97 0.25 5 9 30.00% 27 90.00% 2 0 头晕头痛 1.57 0.77 0.49 3 0 0.00% 8 16.67% 1 18 胸闷心悸 1.6 0.86 0.53 4 0 0.00% 7 16.67% 1 18 皮肤暗沉 1.77 0.9 0.51 4 0 0.00% 7 23.33% 1 15 月经不调/阳痿早泄 1.67 0.88 0.53 4 0 0.00% 2 13.33% 1 16 形体肥胖 4.47 0.51 0.11 5 14 46.67% 30 100.00% 4 0 头身困重 3.77 0.73 0.19 5 4 16.67% 29 96.67% 2 0 大便溏泄 3.37 0.89 0.26 5 3 10.00% 27 90.00% 1 1 食少纳呆 1.97 0.85 0.43 3 0 0.00% 11 33.33% 1 3 咳吐痰涎 3.27 0.74 0.23 4 0 0.00% 27 90.00% 1 1 恶心欲呕 2.63 0.72 0.27 4 0 0.00% 21 70.00% 1 3 口淡不欲饮 2.27 0.64 0.28 3 0 0.00% 10 36.67% 1 9 嗜睡 2.43 0.86 0.35 4 0 0.00% 16 53.33% 1 5 舌象 3.73 0.74 0.2 5 5 16.67% 30 100.00% 3 0 脉象 3.63 0.67 0.18 5 3 10.00% 30 100.00% 3 0 表 5 第2轮专家问卷基本情况
Table 5. Information on the second round of the expert questionnaire
一级条目 平均值 标准差 变异系数 最大值 贡献度最大频次 比例 贡献度≥3频次 比例 最小值 无贡献度频次 胁肋不适 4.69 0.53 0.11 5 23 71.88% 32 100.00% 3 0 脘腹胀满 4.03 0.85 0.21 5 11 34.38% 31 96.88% 2 0 形体肥胖 4.44 0.50 0.11 5 14 43.75% 32 100.00% 4 0 头身困重 3.75 0.61 0.16 5 3 9.38% 32 100.00% 3 0 大便溏泄 3.31 0.68 0.21 5 1 3.13% 29 90.63% 2 0 食少纳呆 2.72 0.73 0.26 4 0 0.00% 22 68.75% 1 2 咳吐痰涎 3.34 0.59 0.18 4 0 0.00% 30 93.75% 2 0 恶心欲呕 2.50 0.83 0.33 4 0 0.00% 17 53.13% 1 4 嗜睡 2.63 0.82 0.31 4 3 9.38% 19 59.38% 1 3 舌象 3.72 0.72 0.19 5 5 15.63% 32 100.00% 3 0 脉象 3.63 0.65 0.18 5 3 9.38% 32 100.00% 3 0 表 6 第3轮专家问卷归一化权重协调情况及集成权重分析
Table 6. Analysis of normalized weights and integrated weights in the third round of expert questionnaires
条目 平均值 标准差 最小值 最大值 变异系数 集成权重 重要性排序 胁肋不适 0.214 0.059 0.135 0.300 0.274 0.214 8 3 脘腹胀满 0.101 0.058 0.027 0.219 0.573 0.100 5 4 形体肥胖 0.243 0.085 0.130 0.355 0.351 0.243 0 1 头身困重 0.222 0.085 0.108 0.389 0.383 0.222 0 2 大便溏泄 0.097 0.019 0.068 0.127 0.194 0.096 9 5 食少纳呆 0.045 0.022 0.014 0.081 0.499 0.045 4 6 咳吐痰涎 0.021 0.010 0.013 0.040 0.467 0.021 5 9 恶心欲呕 0.031 0.012 0.018 0.050 0.390 0.030 7 7 嗜睡 0.025 0.012 0.011 0.046 0.466 0.025 2 8 表 7 第3轮问卷条目分级级差
Table 7. Results of the third round of questionnaire item differentiation
一级条目 二级条目 级差1分 级差2分 级差3分 级差4分 级差5分 胁肋不适 发生频率 8 14 5 1 程度 4 13 9 1 1 脘腹胀满 发生频率 7 13 8 程度 3 10 8 6 1 形体肥胖 程度 9 8 6 5 头身困重 发生频率 11 13 3 1 程度 10 14 2 1 1 大便溏泄 程度 8 14 3 3 食少纳呆 程度 18 8 2 咳吐痰涎 程度 14 12 1 1 恶心欲呕 程度 15 12 1 嗜睡 程度 10 10 4 3 1 表 8 第4轮专家问卷归一化权重协调情况及集成权重分析
Table 8. Analysis of normalized weights and integrated weights in the fourth round of expert questionnaires
条目 平均值 标准差 最小值 最大值 变异系数 集成权重 排序 胁肋不适 0.205 0.061 0.124 0.294 0.297 0.206 3 2 脘腹胀满 0.097 0.045 0.025 0.214 0.461 0.098 2 4 形体肥胖 0.283 0.079 0.140 0.353 0.281 0.281 2 1 头身困重 0.203 0.056 0.105 0.265 0.276 0.202 6 3 大便溏泄 0.092 0.021 0.063 0.129 0.225 0.091 1 5 食少纳呆 0.042 0.021 0.014 0.082 0.486 0.041 9 6 咳吐痰涎 0.021 0.008 0.013 0.037 0.406 0.020 8 9 恶心欲呕 0.031 0.013 0.015 0.053 0.417 0.030 8 7 嗜睡 0.027 0.012 0.012 0.073 0.455 0.027 0 8 表 9 第4轮问卷条目分级级差
Table 9. Results of the fourth round of questionnaire item differentiation
一级条目 二级条目 级差1分 级差2分 级差3分 级差4分 级差5分 胁肋不适 发生频率 5 18 6 程度 2 20 6 1 脘腹胀满 发生频率 5 16 8 程度 2 16 10 1 形体肥胖 程度 16 7 6 头身困重 发生频率 10 17 2 程度 3 16 10 大便溏泄 程度 5 18 6 食少纳呆 程度 22 7 咳吐痰涎 程度 19 8 2 恶心欲呕 程度 17 12 嗜睡 程度 10 15 4 表 10 条目的科学性赋分
Table 10. Scientificity scores for scale
条目 发生次数 发生频率 发生率因子Ffre Fimp W W(整数) 胁肋不适 153 0.56 19.32 0.206 3 3.985 7 4 脘腹胀满 237 0.87 27.14 0.098 2 2.665 1 3 形体肥胖 265 0.97 29.46 0.281 2 8.284 2 8 头身困重 210 0.77 24.78 0.202 6 5.020 4 5 大便溏泄 194 0.71 23.32 0.091 1 2.124 5 2 食少纳呆 50 0.18 7.30 0.041 9 0.305 9 1 咳吐痰涎 186 0.68 22.57 0.020 8 0.469 5 1 恶心欲呕 92 0.34 12.61 0.030 8 0.388 4 1 嗜睡 126 0.46 16.48 0.027 0 0.445 0 1 表 11 NAFLD湿浊内停证证候评价量表
Table 11. Scale for evaluating dampness-turbidity syndrome in NAFLD
一级条目 二级条目(权重系数) 无(0分) 轻(1分) 中(2分) 重(3分) 胁肋不适 发生频率(*2.5) □无 □每周≤1次 □每周>1次 □每天出现 程度(*5.5) □无 □胁肋不适,但不明显 □胁肋隐痛 □胁肋疼痛,可放射至胸口、右肩等部位 脘腹胀满 发生频率(*2) □1周内无发作 □每周≤3次 □每周>3次 □每次餐后均出现 程度(*4) □无 □腹胀不明显,嗳气或排气增加 □腹部胀满 □腹胀难忍,一般需要服用药物治疗 形体肥胖 程度(*8) □BMI<28 kg/m² □28 kg/m²≤BMI<30 kg/m² □30 kg/m²≤BMI<35 kg/m² □BMI≥35 kg/m² 头身困重 发生频率(*3.5) □无 □每周≤1次 □每周>1次 □每天出现 程度(*6.5) □无 □自觉倦怠,但工作活动强度不变 □不欲活动,日常活动减少 □整日困重明显,工作活动强度明显下降 大便溏泄 程度(*4) □无 □大便稀软或稍不成形,每天≤2次 □大便不成形,每天>2次 □大便溏稀,或夹有未消化食物 食少纳呆 程度(*1) □无 □进食乏味,但基本保持原食量 □无食欲,食量较以前减少 □食量明显减少,或用餐次数减少 咳吐痰涎 程度(*1) □无 □偶有咳痰或夜间流涎 □每天出现咳痰或夜间流涎 □时时咳痰及流涎 恶心欲呕 程度(*1) □无 □偶有反酸烧心 □反酸烧心甚至恶心,每周>1次 □恶心反酸明显,一般需服用药物治疗 嗜睡 程度(*2) □无 □睡眠时间较长,晨起困难 □时时瞌睡,但可坚持工作学习 □每日睡眠时间明显延长,工作学习活动减少 -
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