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北京市体检人群代谢相关脂肪性肝病的患病率、影响因素和纤维化风险分层分析

郭海清 李明亮 刘峰 张晶

引用本文:
Citation:

北京市体检人群代谢相关脂肪性肝病的患病率、影响因素和纤维化风险分层分析

DOI: 10.12449/JCH250408
基金项目: 

北京市属医院科研培育计划项目 (PX2023061);

2021年度院内中青年人才孵育项目 (YNKTXF2021003)

伦理学声明:本研究方案于2023年9月4日经由首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院伦理委员会批准,批号:京佑科伦字[2023]088号。
利益冲突声明:本文不存在任何利益冲突。
作者贡献声明:郭海清负责课题设计,资料分析,论文撰写;李明亮、刘峰参与收集数据,修改论文;张晶负责拟定写作思路,指导撰写文章及最后定稿。
详细信息
    通信作者:

    张晶, zjyouan@ccmu.edu.cn (ORCID: 0000-0002-3082-8330)

Prevalence, influencing factors, and fibrosis risk stratification of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in the health check-up population in Beijing, China

Research funding: 

Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Incubating Program (PX2023061);

Scientific Research Project of Beijing Youan Hospital (YNKTXF2021003)

More Information
  • 摘要:   目的  本研究旨在对体检人群进行代谢相关脂肪性肝病(MAFLD)筛查,通过无创血清评分系统识别进展期纤维化低、中、高危患者,对其进行分层管理。  方法  纳入2017年12月—2019年12月北京市体检中心的体检人群共3 125例进行横断面研究,分为MAFLD组(n=1 068)和非MAFLD组(n=2 057),按照BMI水平,进一步将MAFLD组分为瘦型MAFLD组(BMI<24 kg/m2n=125)和非瘦型MAFLD组(BMI≥24 kg/m2n=943),对比各组之间的人口学、既往史、实验室检查和肝脏超声等指标。计算MAFLD组患者肝纤维化4项(FIB-4)指数、非酒精性脂肪肝纤维化评分(NFS)、AST/PLT指数(APRI)及BARD评分,评估患者进展期肝纤维化风险。正态分布的计量资料两组间比较采用成组t检验,非正态分布的计量资料两组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U秩和检验,计数资料的比较采用χ2检验或Fisher精确检验。采用Logistic回归分析研究各观察指标对MAFLD的影响。  结果  MAFLD组年龄(Z=-9.758)、男性占比(χ2=137.555)、体质量(Z=-27.987)、BMI(Z=-32.714)、腰围(Z=-31.805)、臀围(Z=-26.342)、腰臀比(Z=-28.554)、ALT(Z=-25.820)、AST(Z=-16.894)、GGT(Z=-25.069)、ALP(Z=-12.533)、TG(Z=-27.559)、TC(Z=-7.833)、LDL-C(Z=-8.222)、UA(Z=-20.024),以及合并代谢综合征(MetS)(χ2=578.220)、高血压(χ2=241.694)、2型糖尿病(χ2=796.484)和血脂紊乱(χ2=369.843)患病率均显著高于非MAFLD组(P值均<0.05),HDL-C显著降低(Z=23.153, P<0.001)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,男性(OR=1.45, 95%CI: 1.203~1.737)、ALT(OR=1.05, 95%CI: 1.046~1.062)、LDL-C(OR=1.23, 95%CI: 1.102~1.373)及合并MetS(OR=5.97, 95%CI: 4.876~7.316)是MAFLD的独立影响因素。瘦型MAFLD组患者年龄(Z=3.736)、HDL-C(Z=2.679)显著高于非瘦型MAFLD组(P值均<0.05),而男性占比(χ2=28.970)、体质量(Z=-14.230)、BMI(Z=-18.188)、腰围(Z=-13.451)、臀围(Z=-13.317)、ALT(Z=-4.519)、AST(Z=-2.258)、GGT(Z=-4.592)、UA(Z=-4.415)、中重度脂肪肝占比、合并MetS(χ2=42.564)及高血压(χ2=12.057)、2型糖尿病(χ2=3.174)患病率均显著降低(P值均<0.05)。MAFLD患者中FIB-4>2.67为10例(0.9%)、NFS>0.676为4例(0.4%)、APRI>1为8例(0.7%)、BARD≥2为551例(51.6%)。  结论  北京市体检人群中MAFLD患病率较高,但存在进展期纤维化高风险的患者人数较少,这部分患者需要转诊至肝病专科医院就诊。

     

  • 图  1  患者入组流程图

    Figure  1.  Patient enrollment flow diagram

    表  1  按MAFLD分层的患者特征、临床指标及合并症

    Table  1.   Patient characteristics, clinical indicators, and comorbidities stratified by MAFLD

    项目 MAFLD组(n=1 068) 非MAFLD组(n=2 057) 统计值 P
    年龄(岁) 46.0(36.0~55.0) 39.0(32.0~51.0) Z=-9.758 <0.001
    男性[例(%)] 707.0(66.2) 907.0(44.1) χ2=137.555 <0.001
    体质量(kg) 77.1(69.7~85.5) 62.0(54.7~71.5) Z=-27.987 <0.001
    BMI(kg/m2 27.0(25.2~29.3) 22.8(20.7~24.7) Z=-32.714 <0.001
    腰围(cm) 90.0(85.0~96.0) 76.0(70.0~84.0) Z=-31.805 <0.001
    臀围(cm) 101.0(98.0~106.0) 95.0(91.0~100.0) Z=-26.342 <0.001
    腰臀比 0.89(0.85~0.93) 0.80(0.76~0.85) Z=-28.554 <0.001
    PLT(×109/L) 235.0(195.0~270.0) 234.0(200.0~269.0) Z=-1.086 0.212
    ALT(U/L) 25.0(17.0~37.0) 14.0(10.0~19.0) Z=-25.820 <0.001
    AST(U/L) 20.0(16.0~25.0) 17.0(14.0~20.0) Z=-16.894 <0.001
    TBil(μmol/L) 13.0(10.0~16.8) 12.9(9.9~17.0) Z=-0.081 0.936
    DBil(μmol/L) 4.1(3.3~5.2) 4.2(3.3~5.6) Z=1.748 0.080
    GGT(U/L) 30.0(21.0~45.0) 16.0(13.0~24.0) Z=-25.069 <0.001
    ALP(U/L) 59.0(50.0~70.0) 52.8(44.0~62.0) Z=-12.533 <0.001
    Alb(g/L) 47.4±0.1 47.1±0.1 t=-3.139 0.999
    TG(mmol/L) 1.7(1.3~2.4) 1.0(0.7~1.4) Z=-27.559 <0.001
    TC(mmol/L) 4.9(4.3~5.6) 4.6(4.1~5.3) Z=-7.833 <0.001
    LDL-C(mmol/L) 2.9(2.4~3.5) 2.7(2.2~3.2) Z=-8.222 <0.001
    HDL-C(mmol/L) 1.1(1.0~1.3) 1.4(1.2~1.7) Z=23.153 <0.001
    UA(μmol/L) 367.0(313.6~429.4) 298.0(247.9~356.0) Z=-20.024 <0.001
    合并症[例(%)]
    高血压 462(43.3) 359(17.5) χ2=241.694 <0.001
    2型糖尿病 287(26.9) 80(3.9) χ2=796.484 <0.001
    血脂紊乱 511(47.8) 324(15.8) χ2=369.843 <0.001
    MetS 506(47.4) 196(9.5) χ2=578.220 <0.001
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  多因素Logistic回归分析MAFLD危险因素

    Table  2.   Multiple logistic regression analysis showing risk factors that were significantly associated with MAFLD

    项目 OR 标准误 Z P 95%CI
    男性 1.45 0.14 3.94 <0.001 1.203~1.737
    ALT 1.05 0.01 13.61 <0.001 1.046~1.062
    LDL-C 1.23 0.07 3.69 <0.001 1.102~1.373
    合并MetS 5.97 0.62 17.26 <0.001 4.876~7.316
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  按BMI分层的患者特征、临床指标及合并症

    Table  3.   Patient characteristics, clinical indicators, and comorbidities stratified by BMI

    项目 瘦型MAFLD组(n=125) 非瘦型MAFLD组(n=943) 统计值 P
    年龄(岁) 50.0(40.0~60.0) 45.0(35.0~55.0) Z=3.736 <0.001
    男性[例(%)] 56.0(44.8) 651.0(69.0) χ2=28.970 <0.001
    体质量(kg) 63.0(57.4~69.1) 79.0(71.7~87.4) Z=-14.230 <0.001
    BMI(kg/m2 23.1(22.1~23.6) 27.5(25.8~29.6) Z=-18.188 <0.001
    腰围(cm) 80.0(77.0~85.0) 91.0(86.0~97.0) Z=-13.451 <0.001
    臀围(cm) 95.0(93.0~98.0) 102.0(99.0~107.0) Z=-13.317 <0.001
    腰臀比 0.847±0.004 0.891±0.002 t=-8.873 1.000
    PLT(×109/L) 239.0(209.0~285.0) 240.0(205.0~278.0) Z=0.758 0.449
    ALT(U/L) 20.0(15.0~28.0) 25.0(17.0~38.0) Z=-4.519 <0.001
    AST(U/L) 18.0(16.0~23.0) 20.0(16.0~25.0) Z=-2.258 0.024
    TBil(μmol/L) 12.5(8.6~16.4) 13.0(10.1~16.8) Z=-0.806 0.421
    DBil(μmol/L) 3.9(3.2~5.0) 4.1(3.3~5.2) Z=-1.266 0.206
    GGT(U/L) 23.0(19.0~34.0) 31.0(22.0~47.0) Z=-4.592 <0.001
    ALP(U/L) 59.0(50.0~70.0) 59.0(50.0~70.0) Z=-0.178 0.859
    Alb(g/L) 47.0±0.2 47.4±0.1 t=-1.972 0.976
    TG(mmol/L) 1.8(1.3~2.4) 1.7(1.3~2.4) Z=0.310 0.757
    TC(mmol/L) 5.0(4.2~5.7) 4.9(4.4~5.6) Z=-0.117 0.907
    LDL-C(mmol/L) 3.0(2.2~3.5) 2.9(2.4~3.5) Z=-0.519 0.604
    HDL-C(mmol/L) 1.2(1.1~1.4) 1.1(1.0~1.3) Z=2.679 0.007
    UA(μmol/L) 330.2(278.0~393.0) 371.0(318.2~433.0) Z=-4.415 <0.001
    肝脂肪变程度[例(%)] <0.001
    轻度 110(88.0) 642(68.1)
    中度 15(12.0) 287(30.4)
    重度 0(0.0) 14(1.5)
    合并症[例(%)]
    高血压 36(28.8) 426(45.2) χ2=12.057 0.001
    2型糖尿病 26(20.8) 261(27.7) χ2=3.174 0.032
    血脂紊乱 52(41.6) 459(48.7) χ2=2.214 0.137
    MetS 25(20.0) 481(51.0) χ2=42.564 <0.001
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  MAFLD患者无创肝纤维化评分评估进展期纤维化的风险

    Table  4.   Assessment of the risk of advanced fibrosis using non-invasive liver fibrosis scoring in MAFLD patients

    项目 MAFLD患者(n=1 068) 瘦型MAFLD(n=125) 非瘦型MAFLD(n=943) 统计值 P
    FIB-4[例(%)] 0.346
    <1.3 903(84.6) 101(80.8) 802(85.0)
    1.3~2.67 155(14.5) 23(18.4) 132(14.0)
    >2.67 10(0.9) 1(0.8) 9(1.0)
    NFS[例(%)] 0.735
    <-1.455 932(87.3) 112(89.6) 820(87.0)
    -1.455~0.676 132(12.3) 13(10.4) 119(12.6)
    >0.676 4(0.4) 0(0.0) 4(0.4)
    APRI[例(%)] 0.607
    ≤1 1 060(99.3) 125(100.0) 935(99.2)
    >1 8(0.7) 0(0.0) 8(0.8)
    BARD[例(%)] χ2=9.889 0.002
    <2 517(48.4) 94(75.2) 423(44.9)
    ≥2 551(51.6) 31(24.8) 520(55.1)
    下载: 导出CSV
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