胰腺癌中医证候分布规律及影响因素分析
DOI: 10.12449/JCH250320
Distribution pattern of traditional Chinese medicine syndromes and analysis of influencing factors in pancreatic cancer
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摘要:
目的 探讨胰腺癌患者中医证候的影响因素,为胰腺癌中医辨证及标准化治疗提供理论参考。 方法 选取2019年1月—2023年12月在山西省中医药研究院、山西中医药大学附属医院、山西省中西医结合医院收治的经病理或临床诊断为胰腺癌的608例患者,并进行中医辨证分型。计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验。将组间有统计学意义的临床资料纳入回归分析,运用无序多分类Logistic回归模型探究胰腺癌中医证候的影响因素。 结果 608例胰腺癌患者首发症状以腹痛(32.40%)、腹胀(23.85%)、神疲乏力(16.12%)、消瘦(10.03%)为常见。主要临床症状表现为纳差(75.97%)、腹痛(67.27%)、神疲乏力(61.84%)、腹胀(57.40%)、消瘦(53.62%)等。性别(χ2=62.823,P<0.001)、病程(χ2=14.868,P=0.011)、临床分期(χ2=21.006,P<0.001)、淋巴转移(χ2=12.205,P=0.032)、手术(χ2=38.008,P<0.001)、化疗(χ2=21.384,P<0.001)、放疗(χ2=17.510,P=0.004)、免疫治疗(χ2=18.573,P=0.002)在胰腺癌各中医证候间比较,差异均有统计学意义。Logistic回归分析提示,性别为男性是气血亏虚证(OR=0.081,95%CI:0.031~0.213,P<0.001)、气滞血瘀证(OR=0.100,95%CI:0.041~0.247,P<0.001)、阴虚内热证(OR=0.158,95%CI:0.057~0.444,P<0.001)的保护因素、是湿热蕴结证(OR=2.378,95%CI:1.074~5.266,P=0.033)的危险因素;病程<1年为气血亏虚证(OR=0.167,95%CI:0.073~0.383,P<0.001)、脾肾阳虚证(OR=0.183,95%CI:0.089~0.378,P<0.001)、阴虚内热证(OR=0.164,95%CI:0.070~0.385,P<0.001)的保护因素;临床分期为Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期者为湿热蕴结证(OR=2.793,95%CI:1.259~6.196,P=0.012)、气滞血瘀证(OR=7.863,95%CI:2.808~22.020,P<0.001)的危险因素;淋巴转移为气血亏虚证(OR=4.005,95%CI:1.477~10.861,P=0.006)的危险因素;接受手术治疗为气血亏虚证(OR=4.151,95%CI:1.916~8.995,P<0.001)、脾肾阳虚证(OR=5.352,95%CI:2.436~11.759,P<0.001)、气滞血瘀证(OR=2.334,95%CI:1.071~5.088,P=0.033)、阴虚内热证(OR=4.167,95%CI:1.789~9.707,P<0.001)的危险因素;接受化学治疗为湿热蕴结证(OR=0.188,95%CI:0.082~0.428,P<0.001)的保护因素;接受放射治疗为湿热蕴结证(OR=2.571,95%CI:1.151~5.746,P=0.021)、阴虚内热证(OR=8.384,95%CI:3.348~20.997,P<0.001)的危险因素;接受免疫治疗为气血亏虚证(OR=2.114,95%CI:1.021~4.379,P=0.044)的危险因素。 结论 性别,病程,临床分期,是否有淋巴转移,是否接受过手术、化疗、放疗、免疫治疗是影响胰腺癌中医证候的主要因素。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the influencing factors for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes in pancreatic cancer by analyzing 608 cases, and to provide a theoretical reference for TCM syndrome differentiation and standardized treatment of pancreatic cancer. Methods A total of 608 patients with a pathological or clinical diagnosis of pancreatic cancer who were admitted to Shanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, and Shanxi Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine from January 2019 to December 2023 were enrolled, and TCM syndrome differentiation was performed. The chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. The clinical data with statistical significance between groups were included in the regression analysis, and the unordered polytomous logistic regression model was used to investigate the influencing factors for the TCM syndrome of pancreatic cancer. Results For the 608 patients with pancreatic cancer, common initial symptoms included abdominal pain (32.40%), abdominal distension (23.85%), fatigue (16.12%), and emaciation (10.03%), and the main clinical symptoms included poor appetite (75.97%), abdominal pain (67.27%), fatigue (61.84%), abdominal distension (57.40%), and emaciation (53.62%). There were significant differences between the patients with different TCM syndromes of pancreatic cancer in sex (χ2=62.823, P<0.001), disease duration (χ2=14.868, P=0.011), clinical stage (χ2=21.006, P<0.001), lymph node metastasis (χ2=2.205, P=0.032), surgery (χ2=38.008, P<0.001), chemotherapy (χ2=21.384, P<0.001), radiotherapy (χ2=17.510, P=0.004), and immunotherapy (χ2=18.573, P=0.002). The logistic regression analysis showed that male sex was a protective factor against Qi and blood deficiency syndrome (odds ratio [OR]=0.081, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.031 — 0.213, P<0.001), Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome (OR=0.100, 95%CI: 0.041 — 0.247, P<0.001), and syndrome of Yin deficiency with internal heat (OR=0.158, 95%CI: 0.057 — 0.444, P<0.001), while it was a risk factor for the syndrome of damp-heat accumulation (OR=2.378, 95%CI: 1.074 — 5.266, P=0.033); the course of the disease of<1 year was a protective factor against Qi and blood deficiency syndrome (OR=0.167, 95%CI: 0.073 — 0.383, P<0.001), syndrome of spleen-kidney Yang deficiency (OR=0.183, 95%CI: 0.089 — 0.378, P<0.001), and syndrome of Yin deficiency and internal heat (OR=0.164, 95%CI: 0.070 — 0.385, P<0.001); clinical stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ/Ⅲ was a risk factor for damp-heat accumulation (OR=2.793, 95%CI: 1.259 — 6.196, P=0.012) and Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome (OR=7.863, 95%CI: 2.808 — 22.020, P<0.001); lymph node metastasis was a risk factor for Qi and blood deficiency syndrome (OR=4.005, 95%CI: 1.477 — 10.861, P=0.006); surgical treatment was a risk factor for Qi and blood deficiency syndrome (OR=4.151, 95%CI: 1.916 — 8.995, P<0.001), syndrome of spleen-kidney yang deficiency (OR=5.352, 95%CI: 2.436 — 11.759, P<0.001), Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome (OR=2.334, 95%CI: 1.071 — 5.088, P=0.033), and syndrome of Yin deficiency and internal heat (OR=4.167, 95%CI: 1.789 — 9.707, P<0.001); chemotherapy was a protective factor against damp-heat accumulation (OR=0.188, 95%CI: 0.082 — 0.428, P<0.001); radiotherapy was a risk factor for damp-heat accumulation (OR=2.571, 95%CI: 1.151 — 5.746, P=0.021) and syndrome of Yin deficiency with internal heat (OR=8.384, 95%CI: 3.348 — 20.997, P<0.001); immunotherapy was a risk factor for Qi and blood deficiency syndrome (OR=2.114, 95%CI: 1.021 — 4.379, P=0.044). Conclusion Sex, course of the disease, clinical stage, presence or absence of lymph node metastasis, surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy are the main influencing factors for the TCM syndrome of pancreatic cancer. -
Key words:
- Pancreatic Neoplasms /
- Symptom Complex /
- Risk Factors /
- Protective Factors
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表 1 608例胰腺癌患者首发症状频率分布情况
Table 1. Frequency distribution of first symptoms in 608 patients with PC
首发症状 例数 频率(%) 首发症状 例数 频率(%) 腹痛 197 32.40 肩背酸困 13 2.14 腹胀 145 23.85 胃痛 12 1.97 神疲乏力 98 16.12 腰骶部疼痛 11 1.81 消瘦 61 10.03 皮肤瘙痒 10 1.64 恶心 37 6.09 反酸烧心 9 1.48 黄疸 37 6.09 发热 6 0.99 腰背疼痛不适 24 3.95 胸闷气短 6 0.99 上腹部不适 20 3.29 胸痛 3 0.49 胃脘不适 18 2.96 吞咽不畅 2 0.33 纳差 17 2.80 腹股沟部疼痛 2 0.33 右侧胁肋疼痛 17 2.80 腹部包块 1 0.16 呕吐 13 2.14 呃逆 1 0.16 表 2 608例胰腺癌患者主要临床症状分布情况
Table 2. The distribution of primary clinical symptoms in 608 patients with PC
临床症状 例数 频率(%) 临床症状 例数 频率(%) 纳差 462 75.97 黄疸 71 11.68 腹痛 409 67.27 消化不良 55 9.05 神疲乏力 376 61.84 胃脘不适 49 8.06 腹胀 349 57.40 面色萎黄 42 6.91 消瘦 326 53.62 双下肢浮肿 40 6.58 眠差 282 46.38 胸闷气短 38 6.25 便秘 218 35.86 上腹部不适 38 6.25 口干舌燥 140 23.03 嗳气 38 6.25 恶心 124 20.39 小便色黄 37 6.09 食欲不振 119 19.57 肩背酸困 37 6.09 腰背疼痛不适 107 17.60 腰背酸困 35 5.76 口苦 106 17.43 反酸烧心 34 5.59 腹泻 103 16.94 手足麻木 32 5.26 呕吐 96 15.97 腰骶部疼痛 32 5.26 焦虑抑郁 94 15.46 右侧胁肋疼痛 31 5.10 表 3 608 例胰腺癌患者中医证候分布情况
Table 3. The distribution of traditional Chinese medicine symptoms in 608 patients with PC
中医证候分型 例数 频率(%) 脾虚湿阻证 174 28.62 湿热蕴结证 123 20.23 气血亏虚证 90 14.80 脾肾阳虚证 85 13.98 气滞血瘀证 73 12.01 阴虚内热证 63 10.36 表 4 608例胰腺癌患者临床相关因素与中医证型分布情况
Table 4. Distribution of clinically relevant factors and Chinese medicine patterns in 608 patients with PC
项目 总例数
(n=608)
肝郁脾虚证
(n=174)
湿热蕴结证
(n=123)
气血亏虚证
(n=90)
脾肾阳虚证
(n=85)
气滞血瘀证
(n=73)
阴虚内热证
(n=63)
χ2值 P值 性别[例(%)] 62.823 <0.001 男 360 120(68.97) 92(74.80) 28(31.11) 59(69.41) 30(41.10) 32(50.79) 女 248 54(31.03) 31(25.20) 62(68.89) 26(30.59) 43(58.90) 31(49.21) 年龄[例(%)] 14.889 0.136 ≤60岁 182 52(29.89) 28(22.76) 26(28.89) 29(34.12) 32(43.84) 15(23.81) >60~<70岁 338 100(57.47) 78(63.41) 46(51.11) 44(51.76) 32(43.84) 38(60.32) ≥70岁 88 22(12.64) 17(13.82) 18(20.00) 12(14.12) 9(12.33) 10(15.87) 病灶部位[例(%)] 13.119 0.217 胰头 353 108(62.06) 76(61.78) 50(55.56) 41(48.24) 36(49.31) 42(66.67) 胰体 134 33(18.97) 25(20.33) 19(21.11) 22(25.88) 24(32.88) 11(17.46) 胰尾 121 33(18.97) 22(17.89) 21(23.33) 22(25.88) 13(17.81) 10(15.87) 病程[例(%)] 14.868 0.011 <1年 270 87(50.00) 59(47.97) 29(32.22) 30(35.29) 40(54.79) 25(39.68) ≥1年 338 87(50.00) 64(52.03) 61(67.78) 55(64.71) 33(45.21) 38(60.32) 临床分期[例(%)] 21.006 <0.001 Ⅰ~Ⅲ期 256 64(36.78) 66(53.66) 27(30.00) 30(35.29) 40(54.79) 29(46.03) Ⅳ期 352 110(63.22) 57(46.34) 63(70.00) 55(64.71) 33(45.21) 34(53.97) 淋巴转移[例(%)] 12.205 0.032 有 382 104(59.77) 65(52.85) 63(70.00) 61(71.76) 45(61.64) 44(69.84) 无 226 70(40.23) 58(47.15) 27(30.00) 24(28.24) 28(38.36) 19(30.16) 肝转移[例(%)] 9.516 0.090 有 277 65(37.37) 59(47.97) 47(52.22) 40(47.06) 31(42.47) 35(55.56) 无 331 109(62.63) 64(52.03) 43(47.78) 45(52.94) 42(57.53) 28(44.44) 手术[例(%)] 38.008 <0.001 有 260 54(31.03) 39(31.71) 50(55.56) 52(61.18) 30(41.10) 35(55.56) 无 348 120(68.97) 84(68.29) 40(44.44) 33(38.82) 43(58.90) 28(44.44) 化学治疗[例(%)] 21.384 <0.001 有 355 112(64.37) 61(49.59) 41(45.56) 63(74.12) 41(56.16) 37(58.73) 无 253 62(35.63) 62(50.41) 49(54.44) 22(25.88) 32(43.84) 26(41.27) 放射治疗[例(%)] 17.510 0.004 有 244 55(31.61) 56(45.53) 31(34.44) 33(38.82) 32(43.84) 37(58.73) 无 364 119(68.39) 67(54.47) 59(65.56) 52(61.18) 41(56.16) 26(41.27) 免疫治疗[例(%)] 18.573 0.002 有 170 45(25.86) 50(40.65) 13(14.44) 23(27.06) 20(27.40) 19(30.16) 无 438 129(74.14) 73(59.35) 77(85.56) 62(72.94) 53(72.60) 44(69.84) 靶向治疗[例(%)] 6.170 0.290 有 225 57(32.76) 49(39.84) 30(33.33) 32(37.65) 35(47.95) 22(34.92) 无 383 117(67.24) 74(60.16) 60(66.67) 53(62.35) 38(52.05) 41(65.08) 表 5 608例胰腺癌患者中医证候的Logistic回归分析
Table 5. Logistic regression analysis of TCM syndromes in 608 patients with PC
项目 β值 P值 OR 95%CI 湿热蕴结证 性别 0.866 0.033 2.378 1.074~5.266 病程 -0.455 0.198 0.634 0.317~1.268 临床分期 1.027 0.012 2.793 1.259~6.196 淋巴转移 -0.836 0.072 0.433 0.174~1.079 手术 0.524 0.128 1.689 0.860~3.314 化学治疗 -1.674 <0.001 0.188 0.082~0.428 放射治疗 0.944 0.021 2.571 1.151~5.746 免疫治疗 -0.572 0.225 0.564 0.224~1.421 气血亏虚证 性别 -2.516 <0.001 0.081 0.031~0.213 病程 -1.788 <0.001 0.167 0.073~0.383 临床分期 0.548 0.227 1.731 0.711~4.211 淋巴转移 1.388 0.006 4.005 1.477~10.861 手术 1.423 <0.001 4.151 1.916~8.995 化学治疗 -0.001 0.999 0.999 0.326~3.064 放射治疗 0.517 0.124 1.676 0.868~3.238 免疫治疗 0.749 0.044 2.114 1.021~4.379 脾肾阳虚证 性别 -0.857 0.106 0.425 0.150~1.198 病程 -1.697 <0.001 0.183 0.089~0.378 临床分期 -0.240 0.548 0.786 0.359~1.722 淋巴转移 0.133 0.795 1.142 0.418~3.122 手术 1.677 <0.001 5.352 2.436~11.759 化学治疗 1.032 0.093 2.807 0.841~9.368 放射治疗 0.589 0.108 1.802 0.879~3.695 免疫治疗 -0.208 0.602 0.812 0.371~1.775 气滞血瘀证 性别 -2.300 <0.001 0.100 0.041~0.247 病程 0.055 0.910 1.056 0.406~2.749 临床分期 2.062 <0.001 7.863 2.808~22.020 淋巴转移 -0.559 0.357 0.572 0.174~1.877 手术 0.848 0.033 2.334 1.071~5.088 化学治疗 -0.213 0.714 0.808 0.258~2.525 放射治疗 0.451 0.289 1.569 0.682~3.613 免疫治疗 -0.153 0.723 0.858 0.369~1.999 阴虚内热证 性别 -1.843 <0.001 0.158 0.057~0.444 病程 -1.811 <0.001 0.164 0.070~0.385 临床分期 0.646 0.196 1.908 0.716~5.081 淋巴转移 0.472 0.424 1.604 0.504~5.106 手术 1.427 <0.001 4.167 1.789~9.707 化学治疗 -0.345 0.579 0.708 0.209~2.396 放射治疗 2.126 <0.001 8.384 3.348~20.997 免疫治疗 -0.184 0.691 0.832 0.336~2.060 -
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