基于生物信息学分析构建肝细胞癌患者新型双硫死亡相关预后模型

宋铮; 罗维; 常秀娟; 杨永平

doi:10.12449/JCH240917

基于生物信息学分析构建肝细胞癌患者新型双硫死亡相关预后模型

DOI: 10.12449/JCH240917

宋铮^{1, 2},
罗维³,
常秀娟²,
杨永平^{1, 2, , ,}

1.
北京大学302临床医学院，北京 100039
2.
解放军总医院第五医学中心肝病医学部，北京 100039
3.
湖北科技学院药学院，湖北咸宁 437100

基金项目:

中国科技部传染病专业国家重点项目 (2018ZX10725506);

首都临床特色诊疗技术研究及转化应用 (Z221100007422002)

利益冲突声明：本文不存在任何利益冲突。

作者贡献声明：宋铮、罗维参与研究数据的获取分析解释过程以及论文起草；常秀娟修改文章内容；杨永平设计研究思路。

详细信息

通信作者:
杨永平， yongpingyang@hotmail.com （ORCID： 0000-0002-8307-1095）

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-12-25
- 录用日期: 2024-03-18
- 出版日期: 2024-09-25

Construction of a novel disulfidptosis-related prognostic model for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma based on bioinformatics analysis

Zheng SONG^{1, 2},
Wei LUO³,
Xiujuan CHANG²,
Yongping YANG^{1, 2
, ,
,}

1.
Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School，Beijing 100039，China
2.
Department of Hepatology，The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital，Beijing 100039，China
3.
School of Pharmacy，Hubei University of Science and Technology，Xianning，Hubei 437100，China

Research funding:

The State Key Projects Specialized on Infectious Disease, Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (2018ZX10725506);

Research and Translational Application of Clinical Characteristic Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in the Capital (Z221100007422002)

More Information

Corresponding author: YANG Yongping， yongpingyang@hotmail.com （ORCID： 0000-0002-8307-1095）

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨双硫死亡基因在肝细胞癌（HCC）中的表达情况，研究双硫死亡对HCC的预后价值并构建预后模型，分析其影响HCC的生物学过程和对索拉非尼耐药的影响。方法从TCGA-LIHC数据库中收集HCC患者的mRNA表达谱和相应临床数据。利用LASSO-Cox回归算法构建TCGA队列中的4基因预后预测模型。在外部数据集ICGC和GSE14520队列中验证模型的预后效能。基于癌症药物敏感性基因组学数据分析双硫死亡模型对索拉非尼治疗反应的预测作用。此外，进行GO和KEGG功能分析，以深入了解双硫死亡相关基因的生物学功能。计量资料两组间比较采用成组t检验；计数资料两组间比较采用χ²检验。采用Kaplan-Meier曲线和Log-rank检验评估预后差异；采用单因素和多因素Cox回归分析研究风险评分是否独立影响患者预后。结果在TCGA队列中行单因素Cox回归分析，7个已知的双硫死亡相关基因与HCC总生存期（OS）显著相关（P值均<0.05）；进一步通过LASSO-Cox回归分析，构建双硫死亡相关的基因（DRG）预后模型，并计算风险评分（RS-DRG），RS-DRG=0.061 6×GYS1表达水平+0.152 8×LRPPRC表达水平+0.268 3×RPN1表达水平+0.183 5×SLC7A11表达水平。Log-rank检验表明双硫死亡模型中高风险评分患者的OS明显低于低风险评分患者（P<0.001）。根据多因素Cox回归结果，在TCGA和ICGC队列中，风险评分都是OS的独立预测因子（TCGA：HR=1.869，P=0.002；ICGC：HR=3.469，P=0.004）。Spearman相关分析表明RS-DRG与肿瘤微环境中的多种免疫细胞类型（包括B淋巴细胞、CD4⁺ T淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞、巨噬细胞和树突状细胞）的浸润水平呈显著正相关（P值均<0.05）。高风险评分组患者索拉非尼IC₅₀值更低，对索拉非尼更敏感（P<0.001）。KEGG/GO富集分析显示双硫死亡风险差异基因显著富集于多种有丝分裂相关的分子功能。结论本研究构建了一种新的双硫死亡相关基因预后模型，在预测HCC预后方面具有潜在的临床应用价值；以双硫死亡基因为靶点可能是治疗HCC的一种很有前景的方法。
- 癌，肝细胞 /
- 二硫化物类 /
- 计算生物学 /
- 比例危险度模型
Abstract: Objective To investigate the expression of disulfidptosis-related genes in hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） and the prognostic value of disulfidptosis in HCC， to construct a prognostic model， and to analyze its impact on the biological processes of HCC and sorafenib resistance. Methods The TCGA-LIHC database was used to collect the mRNA expression profiles and corresponding clinical data of HCC patients， and the LASSO-Cox regression algorithm was used to construct a four-gene predictive model for prognosis in the TCGA cohort. The external datasets ICGC and GSE14520 were used to validate the prognostic efficacy of the model， and the Cancer Drug Sensitivity Genomics （GDSC） data were used to investigate the value of the disulfidptosis model in predicting sorafenib treatment response， and gene ontology （GO） and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） analyses were used to investigate the biological functions of disulfidptosis-related genes. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups， and the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. The Kaplan-Meier curve and the log-rank test were used to evaluate the difference in prognosis， and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to investigate whether risk score was an independent influencing factor for patient prognosis. Results The univariate Cox regression analysis in the TCGA cohort showed that seven known disulfidptosis-related genes were significantly associated with overall survival （OS） in HCC （all P<0.05）. The LASSO-Cox regression analysis was used to construct a prognostic model based on disulfidptosis-related genes （DRG）， and the risk score RS-DRG was calculated as RS-DRG=（0.061 6）×GYS1 expression level+（0.152 8）×LRPPRC expression level+（0.268 3）×RPN1 expression level+（0.183 5）×SLC7A11 expression level. The log-rank test showed that the patients with a high risk score based on the disulfidptosis model had a significantly lower OS than those with a low risk score （P<0.001）. Based on the results of the multivariate Cox regression analysis， risk score was an independent predictive factor for OS in both TCGA and ICGC cohorts （TCGA： hazard ratio ［HR］=1.869， P=0.002； ICGC： HR=3.469， P=0.004）. The Spearman correlation analysis showed that RS-DRG was significantly positively correlated with the infiltration level of various immune cells （including B lymphocytes， CD4⁺ T lymphocytes， neutrophils， macrophages， and dendritic cells） in tumor microenvironment （all P<0.05）. The patients in the high-risk score group had a significantly lower IC50 value of sorafenib and were more sensitive to sorafenib （P<0.001）. The KEGG/GO enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed disulfidptosis-related genes were significantly enriched in various mitosis-related molecular functions. Conclusion This study constructed a novel prognostic model based on disulfidptosis-related genes， which has a potential clinical value in predicting the prognosis of HCC， and targeting disulfidptosis-related genes may provide a promising approach for HCC treatment.
- Carcinoma， Hepatocellular /
- Disulfides /
- Computational Biology /
- Proportional Hazards Models

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图 1 SLC7A11在HCC中的差异表达和潜在生物学功能

注： a，SLC7A11在HCC和癌旁组织中的表达；b，GSE146609中细胞簇划分；c，SLC7A11在HCC组织不同细胞簇中的表达；d，SLC7A11高、低表达的HCC患者免疫细胞评分；e，SLC7A11高、低表达的HCC患者免疫检查点水平；f，qRT-PCR检测SLC7A11在肝癌细胞和肝细胞中表达水平；g、h，qRT-PCR检测HepG2细胞、Huh7细胞中SLC7A11过表达；i、j，Western Blot检测HepG2细胞、Huh7细胞中SLC7A11过表达；k、l，CCK8实验检测过表达SLC7A11的HepG2细胞、Huh7细胞在葡萄糖缺乏的环境下24 h后的细胞活力。

Figure 1. Differential expression and potential biological function of SLC7A11 in HCC

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图 2 SLC7A11影响HepG2细胞在葡萄糖饥饿环境下发生双硫死亡

注： a，NADPH；b，ATP；c，胱氨酸摄取率。

Figure 2. The effect of SLC7A11 on disulfidptosis in HepG2 cells under glucose starvation conditions

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图 3 TCGA队列中HCC预后相关DRG的鉴定

注： a，DRG在HCC组织和癌旁组织中的表达差异；b，DRG表达与OS之间的单因素Cox回归分析结果。

Figure 3. Identification of prognostic related DRG in the TCGA cohort

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图 4 依据TCGA队列构建的预后模型及免疫相关性分析

注： a、b，采用10折交叉验证的LASSO Cox回归分析评估DRG的预后价值；c，TCGA队列中不同风险组HCC患者的生存状况；d，高RS-DRG组和低RS-DRG组HCC患者Kaplan-Meier曲线；e，时间依赖ROC曲线；f，6种免疫细胞浸润与RS-DRG之间的Spearman相关性。

Figure 4. Construction of a prognostic model in the TCGA cohort and immune correlation analysis

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图 5 在ICGC队列和GSE14520队列中验证预后模型

注： a，ICGC队列中单因素Cox回归分析与OS有关的基因；b，ICGC队列中不同风险组HCC患者的生存分布；c，ICGC队列中高风险组和低风险组HCC患者OS的Kaplan-Meier曲线；d，ICGC队列中时间依赖ROC曲线验；e，GSE14520队列中不同风险组HCC患者的生存分布；f，GSE14520队列中高风险组和低风险组HCC患者OS的Kaplan-Meier曲线；g，GSE14520队列中时间依赖ROC曲线。

Figure 5. Validation of the prognostic model in the ICGC and GSE14520 cohort

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图 6 RS-DRG风险评分的独立预后价值

Figure 6. Independent prognostic value of RS-DRG value

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图 7 RS-DRG预测HCC患者使用索拉非尼治疗的反应

注： a，不同风险评分组中索拉非尼IC50分数的分布；b，风险评分预测HCC患者对索拉非尼疗效的AUC值；c～f，索拉非尼IC50分数与GYS1、LRPPRC、RPN1和SLC7A11表达的Spearman相关性分析。

Figure 7. RS-DRG predicted the response of sorafenib treatment in HCC

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图 8 TCGA和ICGC队列中风险评分功能分析

注： a、b，根据风险评分高低筛选差异表达基因；c，两个数据集的差异表达基因的交集；d，差异基因GO和KEGG通路富集分析；e，差异基因PPI网络分析；f，差异基因的GSEA富集分析。

Figure 8. Functional analyses of risk score in the TCGA and ICGC cohort

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图附录A和B见二维码

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