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肝豆状核变性不同基因型患者的肝病表型及临床特征分析

黄元志 王福川 董漪 徐志强 高银杰 闫建国 曹丽丽 冯丹妮 张敏

引用本文:
Citation:

肝豆状核变性不同基因型患者的肝病表型及临床特征分析

DOI: 10.12449/JCH240819
基金项目: 

首都医学发展科研基金 (2022-1-2182)

伦理学声明:本研究方案于2019年12月10日由解放军总医院第五医学中心伦理委员会审批,批号:R2017054DC011,患者监护人均签署知情同意书。
利益冲突声明:本文不存在任何利益冲突。
作者贡献声明:黄元志、王福川、董漪、徐志强、高银杰、闫建国、曹丽丽、冯丹妮负责收集数据和初步统计分析;黄元志负责数据统计分析和撰写论文;张敏负责课题设计,拟定写作思路,指导撰写文章并最后定稿。
详细信息
    通信作者:

    张敏, gcmw2001@163.com (ORCID: 0000-0003-2497-6748)

Liver disease phenotypes and clinical features of patients with different genotypes of Wilson’s disease

Research funding: 

Captial Medical Development Fund (2022-1-2182)

More Information
    Corresponding author: ZHANG Min, gcmw2001@163.com (ORCID: 0000-0003-2497-6748)
  • 摘要:   目的  研究肝豆状核变性(WD)不同基因型患者的肝病表型及临床特征。  方法  选取2008年8月—2023年6月在解放军总医院第五医学中心确诊并进行基因检测的163例WD患者,收集临床表现、实验室检查、病理学检查、影像学检查和ATP7B基因检测结果。根据ATP7B基因突变情况将患者分为R778L突变组和非R778L突变组;P992L突变组和非P992L突变组;截断突变组和非截断突变组。分析ATP7B基因c.2333G>T/p.R778L突变(R778L突变)、c.2975C>T/p.P992L突变(P992L突变)以及截断突变患者的肝病表型和临床特征。计量资料组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验或Kruskal-Wallis H检验。计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法。  结果  163例WD患者均表现为不同严重程度的肝病表型,121例(74.23%)被临床诊断为慢性肝病,36例(22.09%)为失代偿期肝硬化,6例(3.68%)为暴发性WD;此外,有5例(2例慢性肝病,3例失代偿期肝硬化)合并神经系统异常。163例WD患者最常见的ATP7B基因突变为R778L突变(等位基因频率为28.2%),其次为P992L突变(等位基因频率为12.6%),截断突变的等位基因频率为11.0%。3种突变在不同肝病表型之间的分布差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。R778L突变组的铜蓝蛋白水平显著低于非R778L突变组[0.04(0.02~0.08)g/L vs 0.08(0.03~0.13)g/L,Z=-2.889,P=0.004]。P992L组的ALT[135.0(80.5~237.0)U/L vs 80.5(36.0~173.3) U/L,Z=2.684,P=0.007]和AST[121.4(77.0~195.0)U/L vs 84.0(39.0~123.3)U/L,Z=3.388,P<0.001]均显著高于非P992L突变组。截断突变组的铜蓝蛋白[0.03(0.02~0.08)g/L vs 0.06(0.03~0.11)g/L,Z=-3.136,P=0.002]和血清铜[3.20(2.15~5.00)mg/L vs 4.20(2.60~7.50)mg/L,Z=-2.296,P=0.025]水平均显著低于非截断突变组。  结论  R778L突变、P992L突变和截断突变均与WD患者的肝病表型无关;但R778L突变与较低的铜蓝蛋白水平相关,P992L突变与较高的ALT和AST水平相关,截断突变与较低的铜蓝蛋白和血清铜水平相关。

     

  • 图  1  ATP7B基因突变等位基因频率分布图

    Figure  1.  Allele frequency distribution of ATP7B gene mutation

    表  1  不同肝病表型WD患者的临床特征比较

    Table  1.   Comparison of clinical features of WD patients with different liver disease phenotypes

    项目

    慢性肝病

    n=121)

    失代偿期肝硬化

    n=36)

    暴发性WD

    n=6)

    统计值 P
    男[例(%)] 78(64.5) 13(36.1) 3(50.0) χ2=9.239 0.008
    发病年龄(岁) 6.0(4.0~11.0) 13.5(12.0~34.0) 12.0(9.5~15.2) H=41.830 <0.001
    体征[例(%)]
    乏力、纳差 10(8.26) 27(75.00) 5(83.33) χ2=70.043 <0.001
    腹痛、腹胀 12(9.92) 20(55.56) 4(66.67) χ2=36.878 <0.001
    皮肤、巩膜黄染 3(2.48) 22(61.11) 3(50.00) χ2=64.447 <0.001
    双下肢水肿 2(1.65) 14(38.89) 2(33.33) χ2=37.213 <0.001
    K-F环阳性[例(%)]1) 22(19.6) 31(88.6) 6(100.0) χ2=66.403 <0.001
    神经系统异常(例) χ2=3.989 0.170
    四肢震颤 2 3 0
    言语不清、语速缓慢 0 2 0
    动作迟缓、走姿异常 0 2 0
    实验室检查
    ALT(U/L) 134.0(64.0~233.0) 36.0(26.8~55.0) 103.0(53.2~128.0) H=33.515 <0.001
    AST(U/L) 97.0(55.0~140.0) 66.0(38.8~114.0) 176.0(97.5~248.0) H=7.192 0.026
    TBil(μmol/L) 8.5(6.1~11.8) 29.4(18.4~50.3) 143.0(86.0~180.0) H=74.436 <0.001
    Alb(g/L) 40.0(37.0~42.0) 29.0(26.0~34.2) 24.5(22.5~25.0) H=52.276 <0.001
    WBC(×109/L) 5.94(5.29~7.05) 3.70(2.65~4.62) 7.56(5.66~8.75) H=35.293 <0.001
    INR 1.02(0.96~1.09) 1.52(1.32~1.83) 1.96(1.83~2.07) H=72.887 <0.001
    铜生化
    24 h尿铜(μg/d)2) 138(88~244) 404(173~956) 544(507~629) H=20.913 <0.001
    铜蓝蛋白(g/L) 0.04(0.02~0.11) 0.08(0.04~0.12) 0.10(0.08~0.11) H=5.331 0.070
    血清铜(mg/L) 3.80(2.30~6.05) 5.30(3.42~7.12) 8.00(7.12~10.20) H=7.121 0.026
    BMI(kg/m2 16.5(14.9~20.0) 19.4(17.6~23.7) 24.1(20.0~25.0) H=43.325 <0.001
    LSM(kPa)3) 6.5(4.9~11.1) 20.9(17.5~24.8) 24.8(20.7~26.2) H=16.973 <0.001

    注:1)153例患者进行了眼科裂隙灯检查,其中慢性肝病组112例,失代偿期肝硬化组35例,暴发性WD组6例;2)141例患者进行了24 h尿铜水平检测,其中慢性肝病组107例,失代偿期肝硬化组30例,暴发性WD组4例;3)107例患者进行了肝脏弹性检查,慢性肝病组82例,失代偿期肝硬化组22例,暴发性WD组3例。

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  163例WD患者的ATP7B基因突变情况

    Table  2.   Mutation of ATP7B gene in 163 patients with WD

    突变 例数
    纯合子
    R778L/R778L 14
    P992L/P992L 2
    V890M/V890M 1
    S975Y/S975Y 1
    V606G/V606G 1
    Q1372Ter/Q1372Ter 1
    c.1708-5T>G/c.1708-5T>G 1
    复合杂合子
    R778L/P992L 13
    R778L/V1106I 6
    R778L/A874V 3
    R778L/N1270S 3
    R778L/Q1372Ter 3
    R778L/其他突变1) 33
    其他突变/其他突变 76
    杂合子
    R778L/第二突变未知 3
    P785L/第二突变未知 1
    c.1870-2A>G/第二突变未知 1

    注:1)R778L与其他突变复合杂合子各自的例数均<3。

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  R778L突变、P992L突变、截断突变的WD患者肝病表型分析

    Table  3.   Phenotype analysis of liver disease in WD patients with R778L mutation, P992L mutation and truncation mutation

    突变 慢性肝病(n=121) 失代偿期肝硬化(n=36) 暴发性WD(n=6) P
    R778L突变[例(%)] 0.953
    57(47.11) 18(50.00) 3(50.00)
    64(52.89) 18(50.00) 3(50.00)
    P992L突变[例(%)] 0.238
    33(27.27) 5(13.89) 1(16.67)
    88(72.73) 31(86.11) 5(83.33)
    截断突变[例(%)] 0.453
    23(19.01) 9(25.00) 0(0.00)
    98(80.99) 27(75.00) 6(100.00)
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  R778L突变、P992L突变、截断突变的WD患者临床特征分析

    Table  4.   Analysis of clinical characteristics of WD patients with R778L mutation, P992L mutation and truncating mutation

    指标 R778L突变 P992L突变 截断突变
    是(n=78) 非(n=85) 是(n=39) 非(n=124) 是(n=32) 非(n=131)
    临床信息
    男[例(%)] 46(59.0) 48(56.5) 22(56.4) 72(58.1) 16(50.0) 78(59.5)
    发病年龄(岁) 8.0 (4.0~13.8) 8.0 (5.0~13.0) 6.0 (4.5~11.0)

    8.0

    (5.0~15.2)

    6.5 (5.0~14.0)

    8.0

    (4.5~13.0)

    肝硬化[例(%)]1) 36(46.2) 39(45.9) 16(41.0) 59(47.6) 15(46.9) 60(45.8)
    K-F环阳性[例(%)]2) 31/72(43.1) 28/81(34.6) 11/35(31.4) 48/118(40.7) 11/30(36.7) 48/123(39.0)
    神经系统异常[例(%)] 3(3.85) 2(2.35) 0(0.00) 5(4.03) 1(3.13) 4(3.05)
    肝脏弹性检查3) 8.9(5.7~17.4) 8.5(4.9~19.6) 7.7(5.8~18.4) 9.0(5.1~19.4) 9.1(5.0~18.6) 8.5(5.4~19.2)
    实验室检查
    INR 1.04(0.98~1.32) 1.04(0.97~1.29) 1.04(0.97~1.29) 1.04(0.98~1.32) 1.04(0.97~1.29) 1.04(0.98~1.32)
    TBil(μmol/L) 10.3(7.2~23.5) 10.2(7.5~21.3) 9.3(7.6~24.5) 10.9(7.2~20.6) 10.8(7.7~24.5) 10.0(7.3~21.5)
    ALT(U/L) 103.5 (33.2~199.8) 83.0 (42.0~173.0) 135.0 (80.5~237.0) 80.5 (36.0~173.3) 80.5 (48.8~163.3) 100.0 (40.5~199.5)
    AST(U/L) 85.0 (50.8~120.3) 84.5 (48.0~144.3) 121.4 (77.0~195.0) 84.0 (39.0~123.3) 87.0 (52.5~126.0) 85.0 (48.0~145.0)
    铜生化
    24 h尿铜(μg/d)4) 156.0 (99.4~355.0) 155.0 (91.5~403.3) 172.2 (117.9~420.1) 153.0 (87.5~355.3) 160.0 (89.5~605.7) 154.0 (97.3~332.0)
    铜蓝蛋白(g/L) 0.04 (0.02~0.08) 0.08 (0.03~0.13) 0.05 (0.04~0.10) 0.05 (0.02~0.11) 0.03 (0.02~0.08)

    0.06

    (0.03~0.11)

    血清铜(mg/L) 3.80 (2.12~6.52) 4.35 (2.70~7.12) 4.30 (2.60~6.85) 3.90 (2.55~7.10) 3.20 (2.15~5.00) 4.20 (2.60~7.50)

    注:1)肝硬化包括代偿期肝硬化和失代偿期肝硬化;2)153例患者进行了眼科裂隙灯检查;3)107例患者进行了肝脏弹性检查;4)141例患者检测了24 h尿铜水平。

    下载: 导出CSV
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