妊娠期急性胰腺炎的临床特征及危险因素分析
DOI: 10.12449/JCH240522
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摘要:
目的 分析妊娠期急性胰腺炎(APIP)的临床特征及母婴结局,探讨病情加重的危险因素并试图建立预测模型。 方法 选取2017年1月—2022年12月遵义医科大学附属医院收治的52例APIP患者,按病情严重程度分为轻型急性胰腺炎(MAP,n=32)、中度重症胰腺炎(MSAP,n=8)和重症胰腺炎(SAP,n=12),并进行回顾性分析。对各组临床资料进行Logistic回归分析,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)评估危险因素对APIP病情严重程度的预测价值。符合正态分布计量资料多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验;非正态分布的计量资料多组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验,进一步两两比较采用Wilcoxon检验。计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验。 结果 52例APIP患者按病因分组:26例(50.0%)患者为高脂性胰腺炎、20例(38.5%)患者为胆源性胰腺炎、6例(11.5%)患者为特发性胰腺炎。依据孕周分组:1例(1.9%)患者处在妊娠早期、25例(48.1%)患者处在妊娠中期、26例(50.0%)患者处在妊娠晚期。10例(19.2%)患者并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS),其中9例(90%)使用了呼吸机支持。不同严重程度APIP患者间AST、ALT、尿素氮、血糖、CRP、INR、是否肺炎、是否ARDS、是否脓毒症、是否肝功能不全和是否凝血功能不全的组间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。单因素分析显示,APIP严重程度与血糖、尿素氮、CRP和肺炎有相关性(P值均<0.05),肺炎是APIP病情加重的危险因素(OR=18.938,95%CI:1.020~351.747,P=0.048)。CRP、血糖、尿素氮、INR联合预测APIP严重程度的ROC曲线下面积(0.954)高于CRP、血糖、尿素氮、INR的单独检测值(0.778、0.796、0.721、0.801)。 结论 肺炎是APIP病情加重的危险因素,CRP、血糖、尿素氮、INR可联合预测APIP严重程度。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the clinical features and maternal and fetal outcomes of acute pancreatitis in pregnancy (APIP) and the risk factors for disease aggravation, and to establish a predictive model. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for 52 APIP patients who were admitted to Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University from January 2017 to December 2022, and according to disease severity, they were divided into mild acute pancreatitis (MAP) group with 32 patients, moderate-severe acute pancreatitis (MSAP) group with 8 patients, and severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) group with 12 patients. The logistic regression analysis was performed for the clinical data of each group,and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to assess the value of risk factors in predicting the severity of APIP. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between multiple groups,and the least significant difference t-test was used for further comparision between two groups. The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between multiple groups,and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for further comparision between two groups; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. Results Of all patients in terms of etiology, 26 (50%) had hyperlipidemic pancreatitis, 20 (38.4%) had biliary pancreatitis, and 6 (11.5%) had idiopathic pancreatitis. In terms of gestational week, 1 patient (1.9%) was in early pregnancy, 25 (48.1%) were in mid-pregnancy, and 26 (50.0%) were in late pregnancy. A total of 10 patients (19.2%) had acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), among whom 9 (90%) required respiratory support. There were significant differences between the patients with different severities of APIP in aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, blood glucose, C-reactive protein (CRP), international normalized ratio (INR), pneumonia, ARDS, sepsis, hepatic insufficiency, and coagulation dysfunction (all P<0.05). The univariate analysis showed that the severity of APIP was associated with blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen, CRP, and pneumonia (all P<0.05), and pneumonia was a risk factor for the aggravation of APIP (odds ratio=18.938, 95% confidence interval: 1.020 — 351.747, P=0.048). CRP, blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen, and INR used in combination had a larger area under the ROC curve than each index used alone (0.954 vs 0.778/0.796/0.721/0.801). Conclusion Pneumonia is a risk factor for the aggravation of APIP, and the combination of CRP, blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen, and INR can be used to predict the severity of APIP. -
Key words:
- Pancreatitis /
- Pregnant Women /
- Prognosis /
- Risk Factors
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抗病毒治疗是慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)的关键措施,其中恩替卡韦(ETV) 是治疗HBV的一线核苷(酸)类似物(NAs) 之一。尽管其他研究曾报道了长期ETV治疗CHB的疗效和安全性,但其在中国慢性CHB(主要为基因型B和C)患者中的临床数据仍然有限。
马来酸ETV是正大天晴药业股份有限公司开发的ETV衍生物,多中心、随机、双盲双模拟、阳性药物对照临床研究显示其治疗48周时与原研ETV在治疗CHB时等效,基于上述结果,国家食品药品管理局已经批准其上市。作为此项研究的主要研究者,北京大学第一医院于岩岩教授对其长期疗效和安全性进行了进一步研究:此前已经报告144周的马来酸ETV治疗中国慢性CHB(主要为基因型B和C)患者有效而且安全。更长疗程的药物治疗效果和安全性如何,尚无知晓。
2022年7月6日于岩岩教授团队在线发表研究论文,旨在更新马来酸ETV治疗中国患者240周疗程的病毒学、血清学和生化结果。CHB受试者被随机分配接受0.5 mg/d ETV(A组)或0.5 mg/d马来酸ETV(B组)治疗48周,此后所有受试者从第49周开始接受0.5 mg/d马来酸ETV治疗。定期对患者进行随访,监测血清HBV标志物、肝生化等指标,记录不良事件(AE)。主要终点是治疗结束时每组HBV DNA的下降。次要终点包括治疗结束时HBV DNA不可测(<20 IU/mL) 的比率、HBeAg消失率、HBeAg血清转化率和血清ALT复常率。137例(A组71例) HBeAg阳性CHB患者和46例(A组21例)HBeAg阴性CHB患者完成了240周的治疗和随访。两组的基线特征可比。在HBeAg阳性CHB组,240周时两组的HBV DNA较基线下降平均值可比(A:6.67 log10 IU/mL vs B:6.74 log10 IU/mL;P>0.05),血清HBV DNA不可测率(A:91.55% vs B:87.88%;P>0.05)、HBeAg血清学转换率(A:26.98% vs B:20.97%;P>0.05)和ALT复常率(A:87.32% vs B:83.61%;P>0.05)均在组间可比。在HBeAg阴性CHB组,240周时两组的HBV DNA较基线下降平均值可比(A:6.05 log10 IU/mL vs B:6.10 log10 IU/mL;P>0.05),血清HBV DNA不可测比例(A:100% vs B:100%)和ALT复常率(A:90.91% vs B:95.45%)(P>0.05)也可比。在耐药方面,HBeAg阴性CHB组耐药率为0;HBeAg阳性CHB组144周时耐药率1.16%,此后直至240周新增1例ETV耐药。安全性方面,没有因为AE导致停药,无肝癌或死亡病例。
总之,作为国产抗HBV药物代表之一的马来酸ETV,长期治疗中国CHB(主要是基因型B或C)是安全有效的。
摘译自XU JH, FAN YN, YU YY, et al. 240-week entecavir maleate treatment in Chinese chronic hepatitis B predominantly genotype B or C[J]. J Viral Hepat, 2022, 29(10): 862-867. DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13724.
(北京大学第一医院感染疾病科 徐京杭 报道)
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表 1 不同严重程度APIP患者的基线特征
Table 1. Baseline characteristics of APIP patients with different severity
项目 MAP(n=32) MSAP(n=8) SAP(n=12) 统计值 P值 年龄(岁) 29.00±5.84 27.00±5.95 31.08±4.80 F=1.299 0.282 初产妇[例(%)] 23(71.8) 4(50.0) 8(66.7) χ2=1.507 0.534 发病孕期[例(%)] χ2=1.783 0.434 早期 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 1(8.3) 中期 18(56.3) 3(37.5) 4(33.3) 晚期 14(43.8) 5(62.5) 7(58.3) 病因[例(%)] 胆源性 13(40.6) 5(62.5) 2(16.7) χ2=8.159 0.059 高脂性 16(50.0) 1(12.5) 9(75.0) 特发性 3(9.4) 2(25.0) 1(8.3) 水肿型[例(%)] 27(84.4)1) 7(87.5)1) 3(25.0) χ2=14.302 0.001 入住ICU[例(%)] 3(9.4)1) 5(62.5)1) 12(100.0) χ2=34.993 <0.001 ICU停留时间(天) 0.00(0.00~0.00)1) 3.00(0.00~5.00)1) 9.50(7.00~11.75) H=7.955 0.019 住院时间(天) 5.00(3.25~6.75) 14.00(8.00~17.75)2) 14.50(12.25~45.25)2) H=23.095 <0.001 治疗费用(元) 3 988.34 (1 573.14~10 175.92)1) 44 933.84 (9 547.35~71 369.44)2) 75 828.25 (48 981.25~192 749.73) H=28.702 <0.001 注:与SAP组比较,1)P<0.05;与MAP组比较,2)P<0.05。 表 2 不同严重程度APIP患者的生化指标比较
Table 2. Comparison of biochemical indices in patients with APIP of different severities
指标 MAP(n=32) MSAP(n=8) SAP(n=12) 统计值 P值 ALT(U/L) 18.00(9.50~25.50) 69.00(16.25~131.75)1) 10.50(5.50~25.00) H=7.102 0.029 AST(U/L) 30.00(21.00~40.00) 79.00(34.00~143.25) 1) 26.00(17.75~66.50) H=6.366 0.041 尿素氮(mmol/L) 2.53(1.93~3.49) 1) 3.75(2.43~6.26) 3.55(2.56~6.39) H=7.077 0.029 血糖(mmol/L) 4.25(3.42~5.29) 1) 5.54(5.10~6.94) 7.01(5.67~7.88) H=9.935 0.007 CRP(mg/L) 35.74(3.38~128.45) 1) 127.72(29.99~173.53) 154.20(59.22~175.22) H=7.288 0.026 INR 0.84(0.78~0.92) 1) 0.89(0.83~0.95) 1.00(0.90~1.20) H=10.081 0.006 NLR 9.00(4.00~17.50) 1) 17.50(10.00~24.50) 16.00(8.25~21.00) H=6.236 0.044 血淀粉酶(U/L) 254.00(127.00~960.00) 414.00(142.00~1 040.50) 225.00(77.00~677.00) H=1.036 0.596 尿淀粉酶(U/L) 2 720.00 (1 477.00~7 041.00) 1 285.00 (374.00~3 664.00) 535.00 (397.00~7 336.75) H=2.172 0.338 白细胞计数(×109/L) 12.94(9.03~16.94) 15.00(14.12~16.03) 16.12(10.89~20.37) H=4.140 0.126 白蛋白(g/L) 32.61±4.58 32.88±5.99 32.78±6.32 F=0.056 0.946 肌酐(μmol/L) 47.72±16.06 54.88±16.88 54.83±27.77 F=0.830 0.442 甘油三酯(mmol/L) 12.71(2.50~17.23) 3.32(2.65~4.89) 11.96(4.79~17.48) H=2.469 0.291 PT(s) 14.45±21.17 10.66±0.91 12.70±2.59 F=0.177 0.839 注:与SAP组比较,1)P<0.05。 表 3 不同严重程度APIP患者的并发症及预后比较
Table 3. Complications and prognosis of APIP with different severity
项目 MAP(n=32) MSAP(n=8) SAP(n=12) 统计值 P值 并发症[例(%)] 肺炎 3(9.4)1) 3(37.5) 10(83.3) χ2=21.828 <0.001 肝功能不全 0(0.0) 4(50.0)1)2) 1(8.3) χ2=13.206 0.001 腹腔感染 1(3.1)1) 1(12.5) 5(41.7) χ2=9.529 0.004 凝血功能不全 0(0.0)1) 0(0.0) 2(16.7) χ2=6.933 0.031 ARDS 0(0.0)1) 2(25.0)2) 8(66.7) χ2=23.865 <0.001 脓毒症 0(0.0)1) 0(0.0)1) 6(50.0) χ2=16.810 <0.001 评分 APACHEⅡ评分 9.67±1.531) 12.20±3.901) 14.50±4.40 F=6.068 0.010 Ranson评分 2.0(2.0~2.0) 3.0(2.5~3.5) 3.0(2.5~4.0) H= 4.871 0.088 结局[例(%)] 胎儿存活 29(90.6) 6(75.0) 9(75.0) χ2=2.308 0.315 注:与SAP组比较,1)P<0.05;与MAP组比较,2)P<0.05。 表 4 APIP严重程度危险因素分析
Table 4. Analysis of risk factors of APIP severity
指标 单因素分析 多因素分析 OR P值 95%CI OR P值 95% CI 血糖 1.671 0.014 1.109~2.519 2.825 0.155 0.675~11.820 尿素氮 1.638 0.022 1.075~2.496 1.897 0.205 0.704~5.108 CRP 1.015 0.019 1.002~1.027 1.000 0.975 0.979~1.022 肺炎 48.333 0.001 7.028~332.383 18.938 0.048 1.020~351.747 表 5 不同指标对APIP严重程度预测值
Table 5. Predicted values of APIP severity by different indicators
指标 AUC 敏感度(%) 特异度(%) 准确度(%) P值 CRP 0.778 66.70 83.30 50.00 0.011 血糖 0.796 71.00 83.30 54.30 0.030 尿素氮 0.721 46.90 91.70 38.60 0.025 INR 0.801 67.70 83.30 51.00 0.002 联合检测 0.954 83.30 100.00 83.30 <0.001 -
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1. 向文耀,李仕雄,吕日英. 恩替卡韦治疗后慢性乙型肝炎低病毒血症患者序贯联合艾米替诺福韦治疗的效果研究. 中国现代医学杂志. 2024(08): 15-20 . 百度学术
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