程序性死亡受体1（PD-1）单抗联合索拉非尼或仑伐替尼治疗肝功能Child-Pugh B级不可切除肝癌患者的效果分析

孙巍; 丁晓燕; 陈京龙

doi:10.12449/JCH240517

程序性死亡受体1（PD-1）单抗联合索拉非尼或仑伐替尼治疗肝功能Child-Pugh B级不可切除肝癌患者的效果分析

DOI: 10.12449/JCH240517

首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院肿瘤科，北京 100015

基金项目:

首都卫生发展科研专项 (2022-2-2175)

医学伦理声明本研究于2021年9月1日经由首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院伦理委员会批准，批号：JDLKZ-2021-041-01。

利益冲突声明：本文不存在任何利益冲突。

作者贡献声明：孙巍负责设计论文框架，起草论文，研究过程的实施；丁晓燕负责数据收集，统计学分析，绘制图表；陈京龙负责论文修改，负责拟定写作思路，指导撰写文章并最后定稿。

详细信息

通信作者:
陈京龙， dingxiaoyan198111@163.com （ORCID： 0000-0003-1640-7115）

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-09-19
- 录用日期: 2023-10-18
- 出版日期: 2024-05-25

Efficacy and safety of anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody combined with sorafenib or lenvatinib in treatment of patients with Child-Pugh class B unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma

Department of Oncology，Beijing Ditan Hospital，Capital Medical University，Beijing 100015，China

Research funding:

Capital Health Development Research Project (2022-2-2175)

More Information

Corresponding author: CHEN Jinglong， dingxiaoyan198111@163.com （ORCID： 0000-0003-1640-7115）

摘要

摘要: 目的回顾性分析酪氨酸激酶抑制剂联合免疫检查点抑制剂在肝功能Child-Pugh B级不可切除肝癌（uHCC）患者中的疗效和安全性。方法纳入2020年12月31日—2023年3月30日首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院收治的肝功能Child-Pugh B级的uHCC患者96例，接受仑伐替尼联合程序性细胞死亡-1（PD-1）抑制剂治疗者为L组（63例），接受索拉非尼联合PD-1抑制剂治疗者为S组（33例）。主要终点为客观缓解率（ORR），次要终点包括疾病进展时间（TTP）、总生存期（OS）、毒性、停药率和剂量调整率。符合正态分布的计量资料2组间比较采用成组t检验；非正态分布2组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验。计数资料2组间比较采用χ²检验。绘制生存曲线，运用Kaplan-Meier法计算2组患者的生存率，并利用Log-rank检验比较2组差异。通过Cox回归模型计算风险比（HR）和95%置信区间（95%CI），实现预后影响因素的多因素分析。结果 96例uHCC患者中，Child-Pugh B级（7分）55例（57.3%），B级（8～9分）41例（42.7%）。L组患者的ORR显著高于S组（46.0% vs 15.2%，P=0.003）。L组和S组中位TTP（6.6个月 vs 3.5个月，P=0.48）或OS（13.8个月 vs 13.2个月，P=0.95）差异无统计学意义。Child-Pugh B级（7分）患者与Child-Pugh B级（8～9分）患者的中位TTP差异无统计学意义（6.6个月 vs 4.8个月，P=0.35），OS具有统计学意义（14.5个月 vs 8.8个月，P=0.045）。多因素分析显示，ORR是TTP（HR=0.18，95%CI：0.09～0.36，P<0.001）和OS（HR=0.20，95%CI：0.09～0.43，P<0.001）的保护因素。L组和S组总体不良反应（98.4% vs 97.0%）和≥3级不良反应的发生率（68.3% vs 63.6%）比较，差异均无统计学意义。L组和S组在剂量调整率（84.8% vs 70.2%）或停药率（56.1% vs 72.7%）方面无显著差异。结论与索拉非尼联合PD-1抑制剂方案相比，仑伐替尼联合PD-1抑制剂方案改善了Child-Pugh B级uHCC患者的ORR，但两组总体预后相似，总体安全性相当。
- 癌，肝细胞 /
- 肝功能不全 /
- 索拉非尼 /
- 仑伐替尼 /
- 免疫检查点抑制剂 /
- 治疗结果
Abstract: Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of patients with Child-Pugh class B unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma （uHCC）. Methods A total of 96 patients with Child-Pugh class B uHCC who were admitted to Beijing Ditan Hospital， Capital Medical University， from December 31， 2020 to March 30， 2023 were enrolled as subjects， among whom 63 patients receiving lenvatinib combined with programmed death-1 （PD-1） inhibitor were enrolled as L group and 33 patients receiving sorafenib combined with PD-1inhibitor were enrolled as S group. The primary endpoint was objective response rate （ORR）， and secondary endpoints included time to progression （TTP）， overall survival （OS）， toxicity， drug withdrawal rate， and dose adjustment rate. The The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups， and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups； the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. Survival curves were plotted， and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the survival rate of patients in both groups， while the Log-rank test was used for comparison between the two groups. The Cox regression model was used to calculate hazard ratio （HR） and its 95% confidence interval （CI） and perform the multivariate analysis of influencing factors for prognosis. Results Among the 96 patients with uHCC， 55 （57.3%） had Child-Pugh class B （7 points） uHCC and 41 （42.7%） had Child-Pugh class B （8—9 points） uHCC. The L group had a significantly higher ORR than the S group （46.0% vs 15.2%， P=0.003）， and there were no significant differences between the L group and the S group in median TTP （6.6 months vs 3.5 months， P=0.48） or OS （13.8 months vs 13.2 months， P=0.95）. There was no significant difference in median TTP between the patients with Child-Pugh class B （7 points） uHCC and those with Child-Pugh class B （8—9 points） uHCC （6.6 months vs 4.8 months， P=0.35）， while there was a significant difference in OS between these two groups of patients （14.5 months vs 8.8 months， P=0.045）. The multivariate analysis showed that ORR was a protective factor for both TTP （HR=0.18， 95%CI： 0.09 ‍—‍ 0.36， P<0.001） and OS （HR=0.20， 95%CI： 0.09 ‍—‍ 0.43， P<0.001）. There were no significant differences between the L group and the S group in the overall incidence rate of adverse reactions （98.4% vs 97.0%） and the incidence rate of grade≥3 adverse reactions （68.3% vs 63.6%）， and there were also no significant differences between the two groups in dose adjustment rate （84.8% vs 70.2%） and drug withdrawal rate （56.1% vs 72.7%）. Conclusion Compared with the regimen of sorafenib combined with PD-1 inhibitor， the regimen of lenvatinib combined with PD-1 inhibitor can improve the ORR of patients with Child-Pugh class B uHCC， with similar prognosis and safety profile between the two groups.
- Carcinoma， Hepatocellular /
- Hepatic Insufficiency /
- Sorafenib /
- Lenvatinib /
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors /
- Treatment Outcome

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图 1 L组和S组患者的TTP和OS比较

Figure 1. Comparison of TTP and OS between the two groups of patients

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图 2 Child-Pugh B级（7分）患者与Child-Pugh B级（8～9分）患者的TTP和OS比较

Figure 2. Comparison of TTP and OS in the patients with Child-Pugh class B（7 points）and Child-Pugh class B（8—9 points）

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表 1 2组患者一般资料及肿瘤情况比较

Table 1. Baseline patient demographic and disease characteristics

指标	合计	L组（n=63）	S组（n=33）	统计值	P 值
年龄（岁）	62（29～82）	62（30～82）	64（29～74）	Z=-0.10	0.92
男/女（例）	84/12	55/8	29/4	χ²=0.01	0.94
ECOG评分［例（%）］				χ²=0.86	0.40
0分	49（51.0）	30（47.6）	19（57.6）
1分	47（49.0）	33（52.4）	14（42.4）
嗜肝病毒感染［例（%）］				χ²=3.13	0.21
HBV	86（89.6）	54（85.7）	32（97.0）
HCV	7（7.3）	6（9.5）	1（3.0）
非HBV或HCV	3（3.1）	3（4.8）	0（0.0）
Child-Pugh评分				χ²=0.00	>0.05
B级（7分）	55（57.3）	36（57.1）	19（57.6）
B级（8～9分）	41（42.7）	27（42.9）	14（42.4）
肝外转移［例（%）］				χ²=0.58	0.52
有	40（41.7）	28（44.4）	12（36.4）
无	56（58.3）	35（55.6）	21（63.6）
合并门静脉癌栓［例（%）］				χ²=0.32	0.66
有	59（61.5）	40（63.5）	19（57.6）
无	37（38.5）	23（36.5）	14（42.4）
靶病灶直径（cm）	8.9（8.8～10.8）	9.0（7.5～11.2）	7.9（6.2～10.2）	Z=-1.61	0.07
肝内肿瘤个数［例（%）］				χ²=0.56	0.50
1～3个	63（65.6）	43（68.3）	20（60.6）
≥4个	33（34.4）	20（31.7）	13（39.4）
AFP［例（%）］				χ²=0.83	0.39
≥400 ng/mL	55（57.3）	34（54.0）	21（63.6）
<400 ng/mL	41（42.7）	29（46.0）	12（36.4）

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表 2 依据mRECIST标准评估的肿瘤反应率

Table 2. Response rates according to the mRECIST

疗效	L组（n=63）	S组（n=33）	χ²值	P值
CR［例（%）］	0（0.0）	0（0.0）
PR［例（%）］	29（46.0）	5（15.2）	9.03	0.003
SD［例（%）］	25（39.7）	19（57.6）	2.79	0.134
PD［例（%）］	9（14.3）	9（27.3）	2.40	0.172
DCR（%）	85.7	72.7	2.40	0.171

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表 3 依据iRECIST标准评估的肿瘤反应率

Table 3. Response rates according to the iRECIST

疗效	L组（n=63）	S组（n=33）	χ²值	P值
iCR［例（%）］	0（0.0）	0（0.0）
iPR［例（%）］	29（46.0）	5（15.2）	9.03	0.003
iSD［例（%）］	25（39.7）	19（57.6）	2.79	0.134
iUPD［例（%）］	9（14.3）	9（27.3）	2.40	0.172
iCPD［例（%）］	9（14.3）	9（27.3）	2.40	0.172
DCR（%）	85.7	72.7	2.40	0.171

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表 4 TTP的多变量Cox比例风险模型分析

Table 4. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards model for time to progression

变量	HR	95%CI	P值
ORR（是=0/否=1）	0.18	0.09～0.36	<0.001
肿瘤最大径（≤7 cm=0/>7 cm=1）	0.55	0.29～1.06	0.074
AFP（≥400 ng/mL=0/<400 ng/mL=1）	1.00	0.58～1.72	>0.05
肝外转移（有=0/无=1）	1.44	0.86～2.42	0.171

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表 5 OS的多变量Cox比例风险模型分析

Table 5. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards model for overall survival

变量	HR	95%CI	P值
ORR（是=0/否=1）	0.20	0.09～0.43	<0.001
肿瘤最大径（≤7 cm=0/>7 cm=1）	0.45	0.21～0.99	0.048
AFP（≥400 ng/mL=0/<400 ng/mL=1）	1.06	0.57～1.97	0.874
Child-Pugh分级（7分=0/8～9分=1）	1.29	0.72～2.31	0.403

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