超重人群中健康者与非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者的临床特征及血清脂质组学分析

陈小燕; 袁乙富; 杜晟楠; 曹勤; 蒋元烨

doi:10.12449/JCH240211

超重人群中健康者与非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者的临床特征及血清脂质组学分析

DOI: 10.12449/JCH240211

上海中医药大学附属普陀医院消化内科，上海 200062

基金项目:

上海市自然科学基金 (22ZR1455900);

上海市卫健委临床研究专项面上项目 (201940449);

上海市普陀区卫生健康系统科技创新项目重点项目 (ptkwws202201);

上海中医药大学后备卓越中医人才项目 (20D-RC-02);

上海市名中医沈红权普陀传承工作室 (ptzygzs2201);

上海市名中医沈红权普陀传承工作室 (SHGZS-202224);

上海市普陀区杏林优青人才培养计划 (ptxlyq2201)

伦理学声明：本研究方案于2020年7月16日经由上海中医药大学附属普陀医院伦理委员会审批，批号：PTEC-A-2020-29-1。

利益冲突声明：本文不存在任何利益冲突。

作者贡献声明：陈小燕负责撰写论文；袁乙富、杜晟楠负责数据收集及处理；曹勤、蒋元烨负责拟定写作思路并最后定稿。

详细信息

通信作者:
蒋元烨， yuanye1014@126.com （ORCID： 0000-0002-4979-4206）

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-05-14
- 录用日期: 2023-06-25
- 出版日期: 2024-02-19

Clinical features and serum lipidomic profile of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and healthy individuals in the overweight population

Department of Gastroenterology，Putuo Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine，Shanghai 200062，China

Research funding:

Shanghai Natural Science Foundation (22ZR1455900);

Shanghai Health and Family Planning Commission Clinical Research Project (201940449);

Shanghai Putuo District Health System Science and Technology Innovation Project (ptkwws202201);

Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Reserve Outstanding Traditional Chinese Medicine Talents Project (20D-RC-02);

Shanghai Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Putuo Inheritance Studio (ptzygzs2201);

Shanghai Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Putuo Inheritance Studio (SHGZS-202224);

Shanghai Putuo District Xinglin Excellent Youth Talent Training Program (ptxlyq2201)

More Information

Corresponding author: JIANG Yuanye， yuanye1014@126.com （ORCID： 0000-0002-4979-4206）

摘要

摘要: 目的探究超重人群中，非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）患者与健康人的临床指标与脂质代谢差异。方法本研究将体质量指数（BMI）>23 kg/m²定义为超重人群，选取2020年8月—2021年4月上海中医药大学附属普陀医院收治的62例超重NAFLD患者纳入超重NAFLD组，另选取同期超重健康体检者50例作为对照。记录所有受试者的临床信息以及血液生化指标数据。应用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（UPLC-MS/MS）进行血清脂质组学分析；使用主成分分析法和正交偏最小二乘法判别分析对脂质组学数据进行多元统计分析。计数资料两组间比较采用χ²检验。计量资料两组间比较采用成组t检验或Wilcoxon秩和检验。结果超重NAFLD组BMI显著高于超重对照组（Z=-2.365，P=0.018）。血清学指标中，超重NAFLD组红细胞、血红蛋白、红细胞比容、尿酸、总蛋白、球蛋白、ALP、GGT、ALT、AST、胆碱酯酶、低密度脂蛋白、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、载脂蛋白B、血糖水平均显著高于超重对照组（P值均<0.05）。脂质组学分析结果显示两组间脂质代谢具有明显差异，共鉴定出差异性脂质（VIP值>1，P<0.05）493个，其中超重NAFLD组中有143个脂质显著上调，350个脂质显著下调。超重NAFLD组的平均脂肪酸总量是超重对照组的3.6倍。超重NAFLD组不饱和键数>3的甘油三酯含量较超重对照组降低（P<0.001），而不饱和键数≤3的甘油三酯含量较超重对照组增多（P<0.001）。结论超重NAFLD患者的部分生化指标及脂质代谢产物明显异于超重健康人，血液内脂肪酸明显升高，甘油三酯中的含饱和脂肪链的种类显著升高。
- 非酒精性脂肪性肝病 /
- 超重 /
- 体征和症状 /
- 脂质组学
Abstract: objective To investigate the differences in clinical indices and lipid metabolism between the patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） and healthy individuals in the overweight population. Methods In this study， body mass index （BMI）>23 kg/m² was defined as overweight. A total of 62 overweight patients with NAFLD who were admitted to Putuo Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from August 2020 to April 2021 were enrolled as overweight NAFLD group， and 50 overweight individuals who underwent physical examination during the same period of time were enrolled as control group. Clinical information and blood biochemical parameters were recorded for all subjects. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze serum lipidomic profile， and principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis were used to perform the multivariate statistical analysis of lipidomic data. The chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups， and the independent-samples t test or the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups. Results The overweight NAFLD group had a significantly higher BMI than the overweight control group （Z=-2.365， P=0.018）. As for serological markers， compared with the overweight control group， the overweight NAFLD group had significantly higher levels of red blood cells， hemoglobin， hematocrit， uric acid， total protein， globulin， alkaline phosphatase， gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase， alanine aminotransferase， aspartate aminotransferase， cholinesterase， low-density lipoprotein， total cholesterol， triglyceride， apolipoprotein B， and blood glucose （all P<0.05）. The lipidomic analysis showed that there was a significant difference in lipid metabolism between the two groups， and a total of 493 differentially expressed lipids were identified （VIP value>1， P<0.05）， among which 143 lipids were significantly upregulated and 350 lipids were significantly downregulated in the overweight NAFLD group. The mean total fatty acid content in the overweight NAFLD group was 3.6 times that in the overweight control group. Compared with the overweight control group， the overweight NAFLD group had a significant reduction in the content of triglyceride with>3 unsaturated bonds （P<0.001） and a significant increase in the content of triglyceride with ≤3 unsaturated bonds （P<0.001）. Conclusion Compared with healthy overweight individuals， overweight NAFLD patients tend to have significant abnormalities in some biochemical parameters and lipid metabolites， with significant increases in the content of fatty acid in blood and the types of saturated fat chains in triglycerides.
- Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease /
- Overweight /
- Signs and Symptoms /
- Lipidomics

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注： a，正离子模式下PCA得分图；b，负离子模式下PCA得分图；c，正离子模式下OPLS-DA图；d，负离子模式下OPLS-DA图。

图 1 超重NAFLD组与超重对照组血清脂质多元统计分析结果

Figure 1. Multivariate statistical analysis of serum lipids in overweight NAFLD group and overweight control group

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

注：与超重对照组相比，红色表示在超重NAFLD组中上调，蓝色表示在超重NAFLD组中下调。PC，磷脂酰胆碱；SM，鞘磷脂；PE，磷脂酰乙醇胺；LPC，溶血磷脂酰胆碱；DG，双甘脂；Cer，神经酰胺；PG，磷脂酰甘油；PS，磷脂酰丝氨酸；PI，磷脂酰肌醇；LPE，溶血磷脂酰乙醇胺。

图 2 两组中各类脂质含量的比较

Figure 2. Comparison of the contents of lipids between the two groups

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

注： CE，胆固醇酯；LPA，溶血磷脂酸；MG，单硬脂酸甘油酯；So，鞘氨醇。

图 3 超重NAFLD组与超重对照组差异脂质的火山图

Figure 3. Volcanic diagram of lipids in overweight NAFLD group and overweight control group

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

注： a，Cer总量；b，PC总量；c，PE总量；d，PG总量；e，PI总量；f，PS总量；g，LPC总量；h，LPE总量；i，SM总量；j，FA总量；k，DG总量；l，TG总量。

图 4 超重NAFLD组与超重对照组血清脂质类别的比较

Figure 4. Comparison of serum lipids between overweight NAFLD group and overweight control group

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

注： a，TG不饱和键数≤3；b，TG不饱和键数>3。

图 5 超重NAFLD组与超重对照组血清TG水平比较

Figure 5. Comparison of serum triglycerides between overweight NAFLD group and overweight control group

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 超重NAFLD组与超重对照组一般资料及血液生化指标比较

Table 1. Comparison of general data and blood biochemical indexes between NAFLD group and healthy control group in overweight people

临床指标	超重NAFLD组（n=62）	超重对照组（n=50）	统计值	P值
男/女（例）	42/20	28/22	χ²=1.628	0.202
年龄（岁）	43.73±14.63	49.48±14.72	t=-2.064	0.041
身高（cm）	168.60±8.32	164.66±9.77	t=2.302	0.023
体质量（kg）	75.56±10.64	69.24±9.45	t=3.285	0.001
BMI（kg/m²）	26.15（24.90～27.73）	25.30（23.68～26.95）	Z=-2.365	0.018
WBC（×10⁹/L）	6.3（5.2～7.2）	5.9（5.1～6.9）	Z=-1.016	0.310
RBC（%）	4.84（4.56～5.13）	4.59（4.33～4.83）	Z=-3.348	0.001
Hb（g/L）	150.5（139.5～159.0）	143.0（127.0～150.8）	Z=-2.916	0.004
Hct（%）	44.1（41.5～46.4）	41.9（38.4～44.6）	Z=-3.085	0.002
MCV（fL）	90.9（88.0～93.4）	91.4（88.5～93.2）	Z=-0.386	0.699
MCH（pg）	30.95（29.80～31.83）	30.75（30.08～31.50）	Z=-0.018	0.986
MCHC（g/L）	338.00（331.75～345.25）	337.50（332.00～341.25）	Z=-0.346	0.730
PLT（×10⁹/L）	234.55±61.66	222.08±58.89	t=1.085	0.280
RDW（×10¹²/L）	12.5（12.1～13.2）	12.4（12.0～12.9）	Z=-1.035	0.301
MPV（fL）	10.69±1.31	10.60±1.31	t=0.371	0.711
中性粒细胞（%）	57.01±8.70	56.87±9.60	t=0.080	0.936
淋巴细胞（%）	32.48±8.43	32.72±8.56	t=-0.145	0.885
单核细胞（%）	7.4（6.1～8.6）	6.8（6.0～8.3）	Z=-0.480	0.631
嗜酸性粒细胞（%）	2.1（1.4～3.3）	1.8（1.2～3.8）	Z=-0.659	0.510
嗜碱性粒细胞（%）	0.5（0.4～0.7）	0.6（0.4～0.8）	Z=-0.186	0.853
尿素（mmol/L）	5.4（4.5～6.2）	5.1（4.1～6.1）	Z=-1.243	0.214
肌酐（μmol/L）	74.0（68.0～83.3）	71.0（60.8～78.0）	Z=-1.722	0.085
尿酸（μmol/L）	401.0（336.3～483.0）	356.0（289.5～422.8）	Z=-2.519	0.012
GFR（mL/min）	94.90（80.26～105.43）	96.89（84.84～113.68）	Z=-0.914	0.360
TBil（μmol/L）	14.5（11.0～19.3）	15.0（9.0～20.0）	Z=-0.708	0.479
DBil（μmol/L）	2.7（1.9～3.8）	2.6（1.7～3.4）	Z=-0.514	0.607
ALP（U/L）	79（69～89）	71（57～87）	Z=-2.008	0.045
TP（g/L）	75（72～77）	72（69～74）	Z=-3.074	0.002
Alb（g/L）	44（42～46）	44（42～45）	Z=-1.198	0.231
Glb（g/L）	30（28～32）	29（26～31）	Z=-2.353	0.019
GGT（U/L）	33（23～42）	26（15～40）	Z=-2.186	0.029
ChE（U/L）	9 030.50（8 058.25～10 146.25）	8 102.00（7 276.50～8 879.00）	Z=-3.894	0.001
ALT（U/L）	17（13～27）	14（10～22）	Z=-2.195	0.028
AST（U/L）	26（21～31）	22（18～29）	Z=-2.066	0.039
HDL（μmol/L）	1.11（0.99～1.25）	1.16（1.02～1.43）	Z=-1.448	0.148
LDL（μmol/L）	3.51（3.12～3.97）	3.11（2.62～3.76）	Z=-2.476	0.013
TC（μmol/L）	5.08（4.76～6.09）	4.66（4.06～5.67）	Z=-2.510	0.012
TG（μmol/L）	1.78（1.28～2.58）	1.36（0.97～1.87）	Z=-2.700	0.007
ApoA1（g/L）	1.34（1.24～1.44）	1.31（1.19～1.46）	Z=-0.445	0.656
ApoB（g/L）	1.04（0.89～1.17）	0.89（0.73～1.06）	Z=-3.178	0.001
Glu（mmol/L）	5.4（4.9～6.1）	5.0（4.6～5.3）	Z=-3.238	0.001
注：WBC，白细胞；RBC，红细胞；Hb，血红蛋白；Hct，红细胞比容；MCV，平均红细胞体积；MCH，平均红细胞血红蛋白量；MCHC，红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度；PLT，血小板；RDW，红细胞体积分布宽度；MPV，平均血小板体积；GFR，肾小球滤过率；TBil，总胆红素；DBil，直接胆红素；ALP，碱性磷酸酶；TP，总蛋白；Alb，白蛋白；Glb，球蛋白；GGT，γ-谷氨酰基转移酶；ChE，胆碱酯酶；ALT，谷丙转氨酶；AST，谷草转氨酶；HDL，高密度脂蛋白；LDL，低密度脂蛋白；TC，总胆固醇；ApoA1，载脂蛋白A1；ApoB，载脂蛋白B；Glu，血糖。

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