Abstract: Objective To probe the clinical characteristics of primary pancreatic lymphoma (PPL) and the experience in the diagnosis and treatment of PPL.Methods The clinical data of 5 PPL cases diagnosed and treated in the First Hospital of ChangZhou from October 2000to October 2009was retrospectively analyzed.Results In three cases the pancreatic mass was located in the head of the pancreas, and in the remaining two cases the mass was located in the body or tail.The presenting symptoms were as follows: epigastric pain, jaundice, fever at night, sweats and chills, weight loss and so on.One case had the elevation of CA 19.9.The other tumor marker levels were all within the normal range.Two cases underwent exploratory laparotomy and was biopsied.Two cases underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy.One case underwent lymph node puncture.They were all diagnosed as non-Hodgkin lymphoma.They all underwent chemotherapy.Conclusion Due to the uncharacteristic clinical symptoms, it is difficulty to distinguish PPL from the pancreatic cancer.Imaging examination can provide important information for diagnosis.Chemotherapy is main therapy for PPL.The utimate diagnosis depends on pathological examination.The main therapy is combination of surgical treatment with chemotherapy.While the mass resection is impossible, chemotherapy turns out to be the main therapy.PPL has a much better prognosis than pancreatic cancer.