Abstract: To understand the conditions and the risk factors of pulmonary infection in the patients with severe viral hepatitis. Both prospective and retrospective analyses were made on 48 cases suffered from pulmonary infection in 160 cases with severe viral hepatitis. The rate of pulmonary infection in total 160 patients was 30.0% and the mortality was 83.3%. The co-infection with 2 species of bacteria or above was found in 14 patients. Pulmonary infection are closely associated with the later period of hepatic failure. The rate of infection was 54.2% in patients with grave coexisting diseases. There was higher rate of pulmonary infection in patients with hepato-renal syndrome, upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, hepatic encephalopathy, fungus infection in oral cavity and intestine and invasive operation. The use of antibiotics with more species and longer time is one of important causes of fungus pulmonary infection. Pulmonary infection easily occur in the patients with severe viral hepatitis and is related to the later period of hepatic failure, grave coexisting diseases and complications, invasive operation, species and time of using broad-spectrum antibiotics. It is feasible to prevent pulmonary infection by controlling the above-mentioned risk factors.