Abstract: To study the occurrence of primary liver cancer (PLC) among benignant hepatism patients with AFP rise. A total of 164 persons, who were benignant hepatism patients with AFP rise, were checked up by serum AFP, liver function test and ultrasound B every 3 months, and they were follow-up for 5 years. During 5 years follow-up, none of acute hepatitis and severe hepatitis turned into PLC, while 14 6% (7/48) and 3 9% (4/102) patients respectively in liver cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis turned into PLC ( P <0 05) . At the follow up of AFP, the occurrence of PLC among once rise group, recurrent fluctuating group, continuous lowgrade rise group and stable rise group were 0% (0/36) ?4 2% (1/24) ?6 9% (7/101) and 100% (3/3) respectively. The results indicated that followed up every 3 months in chronic hepatism patients of AFP rise can make early diagnosis of PLC.