Abstract: Objective To investigate the medication compliance in patients with chronic hepatitis B and related influencing factors. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted for 3732 patients with chronic hepatitis B who were treated in the outpatient service of Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital from January 1,2011 to December 31,2016,and related clinical data were collected from the hospital's information system,including demographic features,information of the physician in charge,medication information,and examination data. According to the medication possession ratio( MPR),the patients were divided into good compliance group with 2346 patients and poor compliance group with 1386 patients. The chi-square test was used to compare demographic features,diagnosis,and treatment between the two groups,and the two-level robust Poisson regression model was used to analyze influencing factors. Results The patients with chronic hepatitis B had an MPR of 0. 789 ± 0. 269,and 62. 86% of the patients with good compliance had an MPR of > 0. 8. The multivariate analysis showed that method of payment,time of treatment,physician's professional title,and pattern of medication were the influencing factors for compliance( all P < 0. 05). After the control of the other covariants,the proportion of patients with good compliance among the patients covered by medical insurance was 0. 119 times higher than that among the self-paying patients. The proportion of patients with good compliance tended to decrease in general,and the proportion of patients with good compliance in the 2th-5th years was15. 3%,22. 7%,21. 5%,and 34. 1%,respectively,lower than that in the first year. The proportion of patients with good compliance among the patients under the charge of an associate chief physician was 0. 249 times higher than that among the patients under the charge of an attending physician or a resident. The proportion of patients with good compliance among the patients receiving telbivudine was 0. 120 times higher than that among the patients taking entecavir. Conclusion Medication compliance of patients with chronic hepatitis B is closely associated with medical insurance,time of treatment,professional title of the physician in charge,and pattern of medication. The patients without medical insurance should be encouraged to purchase medical insurance. It is important to strengthen health education among patients with chronic hepatitis B and promote them to follow the guidelines for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.