Association between collateral circulation and gastroesophageal varices in portal hypertension

Lili ZHOU; Chunqing ZHANG

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2023.09.027

Volume 39 Issue 9

Sep. 2023

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Article Navigation > Journal of Clinical Hepatology > 2023 > 39(9): 2210-2216

PDF( 597 KB)

Association between collateral circulation and gastroesophageal varices in portal hypertension

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2023.09.027

Lili ZHOU^{1, 2},
Chunqing ZHANG^{1
,
,
,}

1.
Department of Gastroenterology，Shandong Provincial Hospital，Cheeloo College of Medicine，Shandong University，Jinan 250000，China
2.
Department of Gastroenterology，The First People’s Hospital of Jining，Jining，Shandong 272000，China

Research funding:

National Natural Science Foundation of China (81970533)

More Information

Corresponding author: ZHANG Chunqing， zhangchunqing_sdu@163.com （ORCID： 0000－0001－8711－1579）
Received Date: 2022-11-07
Accepted Date: 2022-12-29
Published Date: 2023-09-19

Abstract

Abstract

Collateral circulation is one of the main symptoms of portal hypertension and is the anatomical basis for gastroesophageal varices. This article reviews the anatomical basis and types of collateral circulation and related research advances in the association between collateral circulation and gastroesophageal varices and elaborates on the pathophysiological mechanism of portal hypertension and the treatment strategies for gastroesophageal varices， so as to provide a theoretical reference for the clinical treatment of portal hypertension.
- Liver Cirrhosis,
- Hypertension， Portal,
- Collateral Circulation,
- Esophageal and Gastric Varices

FullText(HTML)

References(45)

References

[1]	BOREGOWDA U, UMAPATHY C, HALIM N, et al. Update on the management of gastrointestinal varices[J]. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther, 2019, 10( 1): 1－ 21. DOI: 10.4292/wjgpt.v10.i1.1.
[2]	SIMONETTO DA, LIU M, KAMATH PS. Portal hypertension and related complications: Diagnosis and management[J]. Mayo Clin Proc, 2019, 94( 4): 714－ 726. DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.12.020.
[3]	GINÈS P, KRAG A, ABRALDES JG, et al. Liver cirrhosis[J]. Lancet, 2021, 398( 10308): 1359－ 1376. DOI: 10.1016/S0140－6736(21)01374－X.
[4]	Endoscopic Diagnosis and Treatment of Esophagogastric Varices Group, Chinese Society of Digestive Endoscopology. Chinese expert consensus on endoscopic injection sclerotherapy for gastroesophageal varices in patients with portal hypertention induced by liver cirrhosis[J/CD]. Chin J Gastrointestial Endoscopy(Electronic Editon), 2022, 9( 4): 181- 192. DOI: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-7157.2022.04.001. 中华医学会消化内镜学分会食管胃静脉曲张内镜诊断与治疗学组. 肝硬化门静脉高压食管胃静脉曲张内镜下硬化治疗专家共识(2022,长沙)[J/CD]. 中华胃肠内镜电子杂志, 2022, 9( 4): 181- 192. DOI: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-7157.2022.04.001.
[5]	HUANG ZY, GAO JH. Protect the portal vein: From pathophysiology to clinical decision making[J]. J Clin Hepatol, 37( 12): 2760－ 2763. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001－5256.2021.12.003. 黄志寅, 高锦航. 保护门静脉—从病理生理到临床处理决策[J]. 临床肝胆病杂志, 2021, 37( 12): 2760－ 2763. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001－5256.2021.12.003.
[6]	GRACIA－SANCHO J, MARRONE G, FERNÁNDEZ－IGLESIAS A. Hepatic microcirculation and mechanisms of portal hypertension[J]. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2019, 16( 4): 221－ 234. DOI: 10.1038/s41575－018－0097－3.
[7]	BAFFY G. Potencial mechanisms linking gut and microbiota and portal hypertension[J]. Liver Int, 2019, 39( 4): 598－ 609. DOI: 10.1111/liv.13986.
[8]	MARRONE G, SHAH VH, GRACIA－SANCHO J. Sinusoidal communication in liver fibrosis and regeneration[J]. J Hepatol, 2016, 65( 3): 608－ 617. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.04.018.
[9]	TURCO L, GARCIA－TSAO G. Portal hypertension: pathogenesis and diagnosis[J]. Clin Liver Dis, 2019, 23( 4): 573－ 587. DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2019.07.007.
[10]	PILLAI AK, ANDRING B, PATEL A, et al. Portal hypertension: a review of portosystemic collateral pathways and endovascular interventions[J]. Clin Radiol, 2015, 70( 10): 1047－ 1059. DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2015.06.077.
[11]	SERRANO CA, LING SC, VERDAGUER S, et al. Portal angiogenesis in chronic liver disease patients correlates with portal pressure and collateral formation[J]. Dig Dis, 2019, 37( 6): 498－ 508. DOI: 10.1159/000500115.
[12]	EZHILARASAN D. Endothelin－1 in portal hypertension: The intricate role of hepatic stellate cells[J]. Exp Biol Med(Maywood), 2020, 245( 16): 1504－ 1512. DOI: 10.1177/1535370220949148.
[13]	GANA JC, SERRANO CA, LING SC. Angiogenesis and portal－systemic collaterals in portal hypertension[J]. Ann Hepatol, 2016, 15( 3): 303－ 313. DOI: 10.5604/16652681.1198799.
[14]	ENGELMANN C, CLÀRIA J, SZABO G, et al. Pathophysiology of decompensated cirrhosis: Portal hypertension, circulatory dysfunction, inflammation, metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction[J]. J Hepatol, 2021, 75( Suppl 1): S49－S66. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.01.002.
[15]	LI H. Angiogenesis in the progression from liver fibrosis to cirrhosis and hepatocelluar carcinoma[J]. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2021, 15( 3): 217－ 233. DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2021.1842732.
[16]	IWAKIRI Y. Pathophysiology of portal hypertension[J]. Clin Liver Dis, 2014, 18( 2): 281－ 291. DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2013.12.001.
[17]	GUNARATHNE LS, RAJAPAKSHA H, SHACKEL N, et al. Cirrhotic portal hypertension:From pathophysiology to novel therapeutics[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2020, 26( 40): 6111－ 6140. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i40.6111.
[18]	SIMÓN－TALERO M, ROCCARINA D, MARTÍNEZ J, et al. Association between portosystemic shunts and increased complications and mortality in patients with cirrhosis[J]. Gastroenterology, 2018, 154( 6): 1694－ 1705. e 4. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.01.028.
[19]	SHARMA M, RAMESHBABU CS. Collateral pathways in portal hypertension[J]. J Clin Exp Hepatol, 2012, 2( 4): 338－ 352. DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2012.08.001.
[20]	MORI H, HAYASHI K, FUKUDA T, et al. Intrahepatic portosystemic venous shunt: occurrence in patients with and without liver cirrhosis[J]. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 1987, 149( 4): 711－ 714. DOI: 10.2214/ajr.149.4.711.
[21]	HENRY Z, UPPAL D, SAAD W, et al. Gastric and ectopic varices[J]. Clin Liver Dis, 2014, 18( 2): 371－ 388. DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2014.01.002.
[22]	CARNEIRO C, BRITO J, BILREIRO C, et al. All about portal vein: a pictorial display to anatomy, variants and physiopathology[J]. Insights Imaging, 2019, 10( 1): 38. DOI: 10.1186/s13244－019－0716－8.
[23]	MARUYAMA H, SHIINA S. Collaterals in portal hypertension:anatomy and clinical relevance[J]. Quant Imaging Med Surg, 2021, 11( 8): 3867－ 3881. DOI: 10.21037/qims－20－1328.
[24]	PHILIPS CA, ARORA A, SHETTY R, et al. A comprehensive review of portosystemic collaterals in cirrhosis: historical aspects, anatomy, and classifications[J]. Int J Hepatol, 2016, 2016: 6170243. DOI: 10.1155/2016/6170243.
[25]	LEITE AF, MOTA A Jr, CHAGAS－NETO FA, et al. Acquired portosystemic collaterals: anatomy and imaging[J]. Radiol Bras, 2016, 49( 4): 251－ 256. DOI: 10.1590/0100－3984.2015.0026.
[26]	LINGHU EQ, FENG J. Development of a classification system for gastroesophageal varices according to its location, diameter and risk of bleeding[J]. Chin J Dig Endosc, 2008, 25( 10): 507－ 511. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007－5232.2008.10.002. 令狐恩强, 冯佳. 位置、直径、出血风险在食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血患者分型中应用初探[J]. 中华消化内镜杂志, 2008, 25( 10): 507－ 511. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn. 1007－5232.2008.10.002.
[27]	LI ZQ, LINGHU EQ, LIU YD. Clinical value of LDRf typing for esophageal combined with gastric varices after therapeutic endoscopy[J]. Chin J Dig Endosc, 2015, 32( 6): 388－ 390. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007－5232.2015.06.009. 李志群, 令狐恩强, 刘迎娣. LDRf分型在食管联合胃底静脉曲张初次内镜治疗中的应用价值[J]. 中华消化内镜杂志, 2015, 32( 6): 388－ 391. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007－5232.2015.06.009.
[28]	BANDALI MF, MIRAKHUR A, LEE EW, et al. Portal hypertension: Imaging of portosystemic collateral pathways and associated image－guided therapy[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2017, 23( 10): 1735－ 1746. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i10.1735.
[29]	AUGUSTIN S, PONS M, MAURICE JB, et al. Expanding the Baveno VI criteria for the screening of varices in patients with compensated advanced chronic liver disease[J]. Hepatology, 2017, 66( 6): 1980－ 1988. DOI: 10.1002/hep.29363.
[30]	de FRANCHIS R, BOSCH J, GARCIA－TSAO G, et al. Baveno VII－Renewing consensus in portal hypertension[J]. J Hepatol, 2022, 76( 4): 959－ 974. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.12.022.
[31]	TAKUMA Y, NOUSO K, MORIMOTO Y, et al. Portal hypertension in patients with liver cirrhosis: diagnostic accuracy of spleen stiffness[J]. Radiology, 2016, 279( 2): 609－ 619. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2015150690.
[32]	ALI SM, WU SB, XU HW, et al. A prospective study of endoscopic injection sclerotherapy and endoscopic variceal ligation in the treatment of esophageal varices[J]. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A, 2017, 27( 4): 333－ 341. DOI: 10.1089/lap.2016.0436.
[33]	HAYASHI T, WATANABE T, SHIBATA M, et al. Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy improves liver function compared with endoscopic variceal ligation[J]. Sci Rep, 2021, 11( 1): 20479. DOI: 10.1038/s41598－021－99855－z.
[34]	ZHOU JW, LIN YS, LIN XZ. Endoscopic variceal ligation versus endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy in treatment of esophageal variceal bleeding: a meta－analysis[J]. China J Endosc, 2017, 23( 1): 39－ 46. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007－1989.2017.01.008. 周江伟, 林叶素, 林细州. 内镜下套扎与硬化剂治疗食管静脉曲张破裂出血疗效的 Meta 分析[J]. 中国内镜杂志, 2017, 23( 1): 39－ 46. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007－1989.2017.01.008.
[35]	ZANETTO A, BARBIERO G, BATTISTEL M, et al. Management of portal hypertension severe complications[J]. Minerva Gastroenterol(Torino), 2021, 67( 1): 26－ 37. DOI: 10.23736/S2724－5985.20.02784－1.
[36]	TREBICKA J. Emergency TIPS in a Child－Pugh B patient: When does the window of opportunity open and close?[J]. J Hepatol, 2017, 66( 2): 442－ 450. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.10.025.
[37]	ALBILLOS A, ZAMORA J, MARTÍNEZ J, et al. Stratifying risk in the prevention of recurrent variceal hemorrhage: Results of an individual patient meta－analysis[J]. Hepatology, 2017, 66( 4): 1219－ 1231. DOI: 10.1002/hep.29267.
[38]	SARIN SK, KUMAR A. Endoscopic treatment of gastric varices[J]. Clin Liver Dis, 2014, 18( 4): 809－ 827. DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2014.07.004.
[39]	WU Q, SHEN L, CHU J, et al. Characterization of uncommon portosystemic collateral circulations in patients with hepatic cirrhosis[J]. Oncol Lett, 2015, 9( 1): 347－ 350. DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2626.
[40]	BRUNNER F, BERZIGOTTI A, BOSCH J. Prevention and treatment of variceal haemorrhage in 2017[J]. Liver Int, 2017, 37( Suppl 1): 104－ 115. DOI: 10.1111/liv.13277.
[41]	IBRAHIM M, MOSTAFA I, DEVIÈRE J. New developments in managing variceal bleeding[J]. Gastroenterology, 2018, 154( 7): 1964－ 1969. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.02.023.
[42]	TAPPER EB, BESTE L, CURRY M, et al. Suboptimal implementation of evidence－based therapy for acute variceal hemorrhage: a systematic review of observational studies[J]. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2017, 15( 9): 1373－ 1381. e 7. DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2017.02.018.
[43]	KOVACS T, JENSEN DM. Varices: esophageal, gastric, and rectal[J]. Clin Liver Dis, 2019, 23( 4): 625－ 642. DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2019.07.005.
[44]	MAURO E, GADANO A. What’s new in portal hypertension?[J]. Liver Int, 2020, 40( Suppl 1): 122－ 127. DOI: 10.1111/liv.14366.
[45]	LUO X, HERNÁNDEZ－GEA V. Update on the management of gastric varices[J]. Liver Int, 2022, 42( 6): 1250－ 1258. DOI: 10.1111/liv.15181.

Relative Articles

Supplements(0)

Cited By

Proportional views

Proportional views

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Article Metrics

Article views (250) PDF downloads(52)

Association between collateral circulation and gastroesophageal varices in portal hypertension

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2023.09.027

Abstract

References

Proportional views

Catalog

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

Article Metrics

Proportional views

Related

Association between collateral circulation and gastroesophageal varices in portal hypertension

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2023.09.027

Abstract

References

Proportional views

Catalog

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

Article Metrics

Proportional views

Related

About Journal

Submission Guideline

Journal Online

Hepatobiliary College

Guidelines

Export File

Citation

Format

Content