中文English
ISSN 1001-5256 (Print)
ISSN 2097-3497 (Online)
CN 22-1108/R
Issue 9
Sep.  2014
Turn off MathJax
Article Contents

Persistent hepatitis virus infection and immune homeostasis

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2014.09.004
Research funding:

 

  • Received Date: 2014-06-18
  • Published Date: 2014-09-20
  • Homeostasis between the host and viruses is naturally maintained. On the one hand, the immune system activates the immune response to kill or eliminate viruses; on the other hand, the immune system controls the immune response to maintain immune homeostasis.The cause of persistent infections with hepatitis viruses such as HBV and HCV is that viral molecules damage the immune system of the host and their variants escape immune clearance. Long- term coexistence of the host and viruses is the process involving various immune cells and molecules and is the result of homeostasis maintenance in antiviral immune response. The immune homeostasis maintained during persistent infections with hepatitis viruses is analyzed by the cellular and molecular mechanisms.

     

  • loading
  • [1] MILLER CS.Pleiotropic mechanisms of virus survival and persistence[J].Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 2005, 100 (2Suppl) :s27-s36.
    [2] VIVIER E, TOMASELLO E, BARATIN M, et al.Functions of natural killer cells[J].Nat Immunol, 2008, 9 (5) :503-510.
    [3]CALIGIURI MA.Human natural killer cells[J].Blood, 2008, 112 (3) :461-469.
    [4]AHLENSTIEL G.The natural killer cell response to HCV infection[J].Immune Netw, 2013, 13 (5) :168-176.
    [5] OLIVIERO B, VARCHETTA S, PAUDICE E, et al.Natural killer cell functional dichotomy in chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis C virus infections[J].Gastroenterology, 2009, 137 (3) :1151-1160.
    [6] MONDELLI MU, VARCHETTA S, OLIVIERO B.Natural killer cells in viral hepatitis:facts and controversies[J].Eur J Clin Invest, 2010, 40 (9) :851-863.
    [7]MAINI MK, PEPPA D.NK cells:a double-edged sword in chronic hepatitis B virus infection[J].Front Immunol, 2013, 4:57.
    [8]BUSCA A, KUMAR A.Innate immune responses in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection[J].Virol J, 2014, 11:22.
    [9] van der MOLEN RG, SPRENGERS D, BINDA RS, et al.Functional impairment of myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells of patients with chronic hepatitis B[J].Hepatology, 2004, 40 (3) :738-746.
    [10] KANTO T, INOUE M, MIYATAKE H, et al.Reduced numbers and impaired ability of myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells to polarize T helper cells in chronic hepatitis C virus infection[J].J Infect Dis, 2004, 190 (11) :1919-1926.
    [11] OP den BROUWML, BINDA RS, van ROOSMALEN MH, et al.Hepatitis B virus surface antigen impairs myeloid dendritic cell function:a possible immune escape mechanism of hepatitis B virus[J].Immunology, 2009, 126 (2) :280-289.
    [12]SHI B, REN G, HU Y, et al.HBsAg inhibits IFN-alpha production in plasmacytoid dendritic cells through TNF-alpha and IL-10induction in monocytes[J].PLoS One, 2012, 7 (9) :e44900.
    [13]KRISHNADAS DK, AHN JS, HAN J, et al.Immunomodulation by hepatitis C virus-derived proteins:targeting human dendritic cells by multiple mechanisms[J].Int Immunol, 2010, 22 (6) :491-502.
    [14]ZHAO L, TYRRELL DL.Myeloid dendritic cells can kill T cells during chronic hepatitis C virus infection[J].Viral Immunol, 2013, 26 (1) :25-39.
    [15] LI L, LIU M, CHENG LW, et al.HBcAg-specific IL-21-producing CD4+T cells are associated with relative viral control in patients with chronic hepatitis B[J].Scand J Immunol, 2013, 78 (5) :439-446.
    [16] FENG G, ZHANG JY, ZENG QL, et al.HCV-specific interleukin-21+CD4+T cells responses associated with viral control through the modulation of HCV-specific CD8+T cells function in chronic hepatitis C patients[J].Mol Cells, 2013, 36 (4) :362-367.
    [17] STOOP JN, van der MOLEN RG, BAAN CC, et al.Regulatory T cells contribute to the impaired immune response in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection[J].Hepatology, 2005, 41 (4) :771-778.
    [18] CABRERA R, TU Z, XU Y, et al.An immunomodulatory role for CD4 (+) CD25 (+) regulatory T lymphocytes in hepatitis C virus infection[J].Hepatology, 2004, 40 (5) :1062-1071.
    [19] BELKAID Y, TARBELL K.Regulatory T cells in the control of host-microorganism interactions[J].Annu Rev Immunol, 2009, 27:551-589.
    [20]BELKAID Y, ROUSE BT.Natural regulatory T cells in infectious disease[J].Nat Immunol, 2005, 6 (4) :353-360.
    [21]MOORMAN JP, WANG JM, ZHANG Y, et al.Tim-3 pathway controls regulatory and effector T cell balance during hepatitis C virus infection[J].J Immunol, 2012, 189 (2) :755-766.
    [22]ZHANG Y, MA CJ, NI L, et al.Cross-talk between programmed death-1 and suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 in inhibition of IL-12 production by monocytes/macrophages in hepatitis C virus infection[J].J Immunol, 2011, 186 (5) :3093-3103.
    [23] ZHANG Y, MA CJ, WANG JM, et al.Tim-3 negatively regulates IL-12 expression by monocytes in HCV infection[J].PLoS One, 2011, 6 (5) :e19664.
    [24] LARRUBIA JR, LOKHANDE MU, GARCIA-GARZON S, et al.Persistent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection impairs HCV-specific cytotoxic T cell reactivity through Mcl-1/Bim imbalance due to CD127 down-regulation[J].J Viral Hepat, 2013, 20 (2) :85-94.
    [25] SEIGEL B, BENGSCH B, LOHMANN V, et al.Factors that determine the antiviral efficacy of HCV-specific CD8 (+) T cells ex vivo[J].Gastroenterology, 2013, 144 (2) :426-436.
    [26] KROY DC, CIUFFREDA D, COOPERRIDER JH, et al.Liver environment and HCV replication affect human T-Cell phenotype and expression of inhibitory receptors[J].Gastroenterology, 2014, 146 (2) :550-561.
    [27]PURDY MA.Hepatitis B virus S gene escape mutants[J].Asian J Transfus Sci, 2007, 1 (2) :62-70.
    [28] EZZIKOURI S, OZAWA M, KOHARA M, et al.Recent insights into hepatitis B virus-host interactions[J].J Med Virol, 2014, 86 (6) :925-932.
    [29] GE D, FELLAY J, THOMPSON AJ, et al.Genetic variation in IL28B predicts hepatitis C treatment-induced viral clearance[J].Nature, 2009, 461 (7262) :399-401.
    [30] SUPPIAH V, MOLDOVAN M, AHLENSTIEL G, et al.IL28B is associated with response to chronic hepatitis C interferon-alpha and ribavirin therapy[J].Nat Genet, 2009, 41 (10) :1100-1104.
    [31] TANAKA Y, NISHIDA N, SUGIYAMA M, et al.Genome-wide association of IL28B with response to pegylated interferon-alpha and ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis C[J].Nat Genet, 2009, 41 (10) :1105-1109.
    [32] THOMAS DL, THIO CL, MARTIN MP, et al.Genetic variation in IL28B and spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus[J].Nature, 2009, 461 (7265) :798-801.
    [33] BODE JG, BRENNDORFER ED, HUSSINGER D.Subversion of innate host antiviral strategies by the hepatitis C virus[J].Arch Biochem Biophys, 2007, 462 (2) :254-265.
    [34] SERRE SB, KRARUP HB, BUKH J, et al.Identification of IFNalpha induced envelope mutations of hepatitis C virus in vitro associated with increased viral fitness and interferon resistance[J].J Virol, 2013, 87 (23) :12776-12793.
    [35]LI XD, SUN L, SETH RB, et al.Hepatitis C virus protease NS3/4A cleaves mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein off the mitochondria to evade innate immunity[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2005, 102 (49) :17717-17722.
    [36]LI K, FOY E, FERREON JC, et al.Immune evasion by hepatitis C virus NS3/4A protease-mediated cleavage of the Toll-like receptor 3 adaptor protein TRIF[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2005, 102 (8) :2992-2997.
    [37]DING Q, CAO X, LU J.et al.Hepatitis C virus NS4B blocks the interaction of STING and TBK1 to evade host innate immunity[J].J Hepatol, 2013, 59 (1) :52-58.引证本文:ZHOU Y, LIAN JQ, JIA ZS.Persistent hepatitis virus infection and immune homeostasis[J].J Clin Hepatol, 2014, 30 (9) :851-854. (in Chinese) 周云, 连建奇, 贾战生.持续性HBV或HCV感染与免疫稳态[J].临床肝胆病杂志, 2014, 30 (9) :851-854.
  • 加载中

Catalog

    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

    1. 本站搜索
    2. 百度学术搜索
    3. 万方数据库搜索
    4. CNKI搜索

    Article Metrics

    Article views (2833) PDF downloads(734) Cited by()
    Proportional views
    Related

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return